CN109909897B - High-self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for piston ring ladder grinding and application thereof - Google Patents

High-self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for piston ring ladder grinding and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109909897B
CN109909897B CN201910310243.8A CN201910310243A CN109909897B CN 109909897 B CN109909897 B CN 109909897B CN 201910310243 A CN201910310243 A CN 201910310243A CN 109909897 B CN109909897 B CN 109909897B
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grinding
grinding wheel
piston ring
fine
powder
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CN109909897A (en
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张光宇
王凯平
涂俊群
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Jiangsu Saiyang Precision Tools Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/32Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds for porous or cellular structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0009Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/009Tools not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/14Zonally-graded wheels; Composite wheels comprising different abrasives

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring ladder mill and application thereof, wherein the grinding wheel comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-35% of resin powder, 25-40% of diamond (D151-D76), 15-22% of silicon carbide, 10-20% of copper powder, 2-3% of molybdenum disulfide and 1-10% of pore-forming agent. The invention relates to a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel which is specially designed for grinding a plane of a piston ring, wherein a grinding material layer adopts a double-layer design, and diamond used in each layer has different granularity and can simultaneously have the effects of coarse grinding and semi-fine grinding. The surface of the piston ring after grinding has fine and uniform grains, no scratch and bright surface. The interval is long to maintain in the emery wheel use, and the automatic big gas pocket that forms in abrasive material layer surface has better holding effect to the grinding bits, and the abrasive material is mutually supported with the binder simultaneously, and furthest exerts the self-sharpening nature of emery wheel, can be used to replace the ordinary zirconia corundum emery wheel of existing use, very big improvement production efficiency, reduction in production cost.

Description

High-self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for piston ring ladder grinding and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding tool processing, and relates to a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for piston ring ladder grinding and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Piston rings are widely used in various power machines, such as steam engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines, compressors, hydraulic machines and the like, are generally installed in ring grooves of pistons, and form chambers with the pistons, cylinder sleeves, cylinder covers and other elements to do work. The wear-resistant rubber gasket is a core component in a fuel engine, mainly has the functions of sealing, oil control, heat transfer, supporting and the like, and is especially most important in terms of wear resistance and elasticity. At present, the piston ring is mainly made of gray cast iron, ball-milling cast iron, alloy cast iron and the like.
The precision requirement of the piston ring is high, the working surface of the piston ring is not required to be scored, scratched or peeled, the outer cylindrical surface and the upper and lower end surfaces have certain smoothness, and the curvature, the elasticity and the clearance of the piston ring are required to meet the requirements. Along with the development of industries such as automobiles and the like, the quality requirement on the compressor is higher and higher, and meanwhile, the requirement on cleanness and environmental protection is also higher. The traditional single crystal corundum grinding wheel is adopted for grinding the piston ring in China, grinding wheels with different particle sizes are needed to be used for rough machining and finish machining respectively, the occupied equipment is large, the machining efficiency is low, the dressing interval is short, the service life of the grinding wheel is short, the grinding wheel needs to be replaced about 7-10 days, grinding fluid needs to be replaced frequently in the grinding process, and pollution is large. In order to develop a high-quality piston ring product, improve the processing efficiency and reduce the production cost, a special high-self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel for a piston ring ladder mill with higher economic benefit and value needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the invention provides a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring ladder mill and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the processing quality of a piston ring, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring stepped mill comprises a grinding layer and a substrate, wherein the grinding layer consists of a fine grinding layer and a coarse grinding layer;
the fine grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of fine diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
10 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of pore-forming agent
The rough grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of coarse diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
10 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of pore-forming agent.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder mill, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively adding the fine diamond and the coarse diamond into a mixture of resin powder, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and a pore-forming agent to respectively obtain a fine grinding layer material and a coarse grinding layer material;
(2) respectively adding the fine grinding layer material and the coarse grinding layer material into a die with a matrix, and respectively obtaining a fine grinding wheel forming body and a coarse grinding wheel forming body through hot pressing and curing;
(3) and respectively processing the fine grinding wheel forming body and the coarse grinding wheel forming body, and then bonding and fixing to obtain the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder grinding.
In the technical scheme, the hot pressing pressure is 10MPa, the temperature is 170 ℃, and the time is 10 min; preferably, preheating and exhausting are carried out before hot pressing, and the preheating time is 3-5 min.
In the technical scheme, the curing temperature is 160 ℃, and the curing time is 10 hours; and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after solidification.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the bonding adopts the epoxy glue bonding, and the fixed bolt that adopts is fixed.
The invention discloses a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel grinding layer special for a piston ring stepped mill, which consists of a fine grinding layer and a coarse grinding layer;
the fine grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of fine diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
10 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of pore-forming agent
The rough grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of coarse diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
10 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of pore-forming agent
The granularity of the fine diamond is 76 mu m, and the granularity of the coarse diamond is 151 mu m; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder; the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride or diazene dicarboxylic acid amide.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel grinding layer special for the piston ring ladder mill, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the fine diamond into a mixture of resin powder, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and a pore-forming agent to obtain a fine grinding layer material;
(1) and respectively adding the rough diamond into the mixture of the resin powder, the silicon carbide powder, the copper powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the pore-forming agent to obtain a rough grinding layer material.
In the present invention, the fine diamond has a particle size of 76 μm, and the coarse diamond has a particle size of 151 μm; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder; the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride or diazene dicarboxylic acid amide, wherein the particle size of the sodium chloride is 100-500 mu m, and the diazene dicarboxylic acid amide is a chemical foaming agent, is heated and decomposed, and can form pores with consistent sizes under pressure.
The high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder grinding is assembled by two layers, wherein the abrasive granularity of one layer is 151 mu m, the abrasive granularity of the other layer is 76 mu m, the base body of each layer is the same, and the structural sizes of the fine grinding layer and the coarse grinding layer are the same. Among the prior art, the corundum emery wheel that is using at present is 20mm thick, need join in marriage the emery wheel of two different granularities in order to be used for the corase grind respectively and the correct grinding in piston ring ladder grinds course of working, can appear two kinds of circumstances like this: 1. in practical use, if only one trapezoid grinding device is provided, a batch of workpieces need to be subjected to rough grinding processing, and then fine-grained grinding wheels are replaced for finish grinding processing, so that time and labor are wasted; 2. a plurality of terraced grinding devices are required to be arranged, a coarse-grained corundum grinding wheel and a fine-grained corundum grinding wheel are respectively installed, the occupied area is wide, and the workpiece needs to be transferred for the second time; by using the double-layer superhard grinding wheel, one ladder grinding device can firstly carry out rough grinding by using a D151 grinding material layer and then carry out accurate grinding by using a D76 grinding material layer, the existing device has the function of feeding in times, and a piston ring workpiece can flow into the next procedure after one-time circulating grinding. Particularly, the final structure of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring trapezoid grinding is almost the same as that of the conventional grinding wheel, the requirements of the conventional equipment are completely met, the equipment does not need to be changed, and the whole grinding layer is formed by adopting the fine grinding layer and the coarse grinding layer which have different granularities and the same structure size, so that the processing quality is ensured, and the processing defect caused by the change of a single grinding layer is avoided on the basis of greatly improving the processing production efficiency.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring ladder mill, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) proportionally mixing resin powder, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and a pore-forming agent, and then putting the mixture into a three-dimensional mixer for mixing for 1-1.5h to fully and uniformly mix the mixture;
2) adding a diamond grinding material into the mixture mixed in the step 1), manually sieving the mixture, and then putting the mixture into a three-dimensional mixer for mixing for 0.5 to 1 hour to fully and uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a grinding layer material;
3) putting the substrate into a designated die, feeding the grinding layer material uniformly mixed in the step 2) into a die cavity, and then putting the die on a hot press for pressing; the pressing process comprises the following steps: hot pressing at 170 deg.C under 10MPa, preheating for 3-5min, exhausting gas for several times, and hot pressing at 10MPa for 40 min;
4) after hot pressing is finished, demoulding and taking out the grinding wheel after cooling, carrying out subsequent curing treatment on the grinding wheel, keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 10 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
5) after the grinding wheel is solidified, carrying out machining, milling and grinding according to the size of a finished product;
according to the method, two grinding wheels with different particle sizes are respectively obtained by adopting fine diamond and coarse diamond;
6) two grinding wheels with different granularities are assembled together and fixed through bolts, and epoxy glue is coated between the two grinding wheels for gluing; and after the epoxy glue is hardened, mounting a flange for end face and external grinding processing to obtain the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the ladder grinding of the finished piston ring.
In the invention, the processing comprises turning, milling and grinding, and the specific modes are conventional technologies.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: mainly carry out the formula of design to piston ring corase grind and accurate grinding, especially ladder grinds the equipment grinding, can have corase grind and half accurate effect simultaneously, and the abrasive material layer divides two-layerly, and D151 abrasive material layer and D76 abrasive material layer carry out the corase grind with D151 abrasive material layer earlier, and the back uses D76 abrasive material layer to carry out the accurate grinding, and the piston ring after the grinding just can directly flow into next process, need not change different granularity emery wheels again and carry out the grinding. The surface of the piston ring after grinding has fine and uniform grains, no scratch and bright surface. The interval is long to maintain in the emery wheel use, and the automatic big gas pocket that forms in abrasive material layer surface has better holding effect to the grinding bits, and the abrasive material is mutually supported with the binder simultaneously, and furthest exerts the self-sharpening nature of emery wheel, can be used to replace the ordinary zirconia corundum emery wheel of existing use, very big improvement production efficiency, reduction in production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring ladder mill of the invention; wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is a small-granularity grinding layer, and 3 is a large-granularity grinding layer;
FIG. 2 is a view of the piston ring surface after grinding by a grinding wheel according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged 300 times view of the piston ring surface after grinding with the grinding wheel according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a surface view of a piston ring after grinding by a grinding wheel according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged 300 view of the piston ring surface after grinding with the second grinding wheel according to the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a surface view of a piston ring after grinding with a grinding wheel according to the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example one
The formula and the mass ratio of each component of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring trapezoid grinding are as follows:
a first layer of grinding wheel:
Figure 173214DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
a second layer of grinding wheel:
Figure 90355DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the phenolic resin powder is powder, the diamond particle size is 76 microns and 151 microns respectively, the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride, and the particle size is 150 microns. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
mixing the phenolic resin powder, the silicon carbide powder, the copper powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the pore-forming agent in the proportion, then loading the mixture into a three-dimensional mixer, and mixing for 1 hour to fully and uniformly mix the mixture; then adding a diamond grinding material into the mixed mixture, manually sieving the mixture by using a 80-mesh sieve, then putting the mixture into a three-dimensional mixer, and mixing the mixture for 1 hour to ensure that the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to obtain a grinding layer material; wherein the diamond grinding materials with two granularities correspond to two grinding layer materials.
Putting the existing matrix into a die, feeding the uniformly mixed grinding layer material into a die cavity, and then putting the die on a hot press for pressing, wherein the pressing process comprises the following steps: preheating at 170 ℃ for 3min, exhausting for multiple times, then carrying out hot pressing at 170 ℃ under the pressure of 10MPa for 40min, demoulding after finishing the hot pressing, taking out the grinding wheel after cooling, carrying out subsequent solidification treatment on the grinding wheel, keeping the solidification temperature at 160 ℃ for 10h, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace.
After the grinding wheels are solidified, machining, milling and grinding are carried out according to the size of a finished product to obtain two grinding wheels with different particle sizes, then the two grinding wheels with different particle sizes are assembled together and fixed through bolts, epoxy glue is coated between the two grinding wheels for gluing, after the epoxy glue is hardened, the flange is installed for carrying out conventional end face and external grinding machining to obtain the finished product grinding wheel, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, wherein A is a structural schematic diagram, and B is a structural schematic diagram marked with dimensions. The specification of the prepared high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder mill is as follows: the diameter of the grinding wheel is 250mm, the diameter of the grinding wheel is 101mm, the width of the grinding layer is 5mm, and the thickness of the grinding layer is 20mm (formed by assembling two layers of grinding wheels with the thickness of 10 mm).
Example two
The formula and the components of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring trapezoid grinding are shown as the following table:
a first layer of grinding wheel:
Figure 214299DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
a second layer of grinding wheel:
Figure 609509DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
wherein the phenolic resin powder is powder, the diamond particle sizes are 76 microns and 151 microns respectively, and the pore-forming agent is diazene dicarboxylic acid amide. The specific pressing process is as follows:
the resin powder, the silicon carbide powder, the copper powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the pore-forming agent are mixed according to the proportion and then are arranged in a three-dimensional mixer, and the mixture is mixed for 1 hour to be fully and uniformly mixed; then adding the diamond abrasive into the mixed mixture, manually sieving the mixture, and then loading the mixture into a three-dimensional mixer for mixing for 1 hour to fully and uniformly mix the mixture; wherein the diamond grinding materials with two granularities correspond to two grinding layer materials. And (3) putting the matrix into a designated mould, putting the uniformly mixed materials into a mould cavity, and then putting the mould on a hot press for pressing. The die is pressed by a fixed die, and the diazene dicarboxylic acid amide is decomposed under certain pressure after being heated to generate circular air holes. The pressing process comprises the following steps: hot pressing at 170 deg.C, exhausting for several times within the first 5min preheating time, and hot pressing at 10MPa for 40 min. And (5) after the hot pressing is finished, demoulding and taking out the grinding wheel after cooling, and carrying out subsequent solidification treatment on the grinding wheel. The solidification temperature is 160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and then the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
After the grinding wheels are solidified, the grinding wheels are processed by a vehicle, a milling machine and a grinding machine according to the size of a finished product to obtain two grinding wheels with different granularities, then the two grinding wheels with different granularities are assembled together and fixed by bolts, and epoxy glue is coated between the two grinding wheels for gluing. After the epoxy glue is hardened, mounting a flange and carrying out end face and excircle grinding processing to obtain a finished product grinding wheel; the specification of the prepared high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder mill is as follows: the diameter of the grinding wheel is 250mm, the aperture is 101.6mm, the width of the grinding layer is 5mm, and the thickness is 20mm (formed by assembling two layers of grinding wheels with the thickness of 10 mm).
Comparative example 1
The conventional monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel used in the prior art has the production efficiency of about 45 percent of that of the second embodiment.
Comparative example No. two
On the basis of the second embodiment, two grinding wheels are prepared, and the specifications are the same: : the abrasive layer is 250mm in outer diameter, 101.6mm in pore diameter, 10mm in width and 20mm in thickness, wherein the abrasive layer is totally diamond with the granularity of 76 microns or diamond with the granularity of 151 microns; during grinding production, the grinding wheel with large particle size is used for coarse grinding, and then the grinding wheel with small particle size is replaced for fine grinding, so that the production efficiency is about 45% of that of the second embodiment.
Performance results
The machining conditions and requirements for the grinding wheel-machined workpieces of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1, and the machining results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 processing conditions and requirements
Figure 892723DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
TABLE 2 processing results
Figure 715185DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
As shown in the above table, the examples all meet the use requirements, with example two finishes being more stable. Compared with the conventional common monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel (the finish Rz2.2-2.5 is finished once every dozens of workpieces) used conventionally, the efficiency can be improved, and the finishing interval is effectively reduced; in the second example, the silicon carbide was adjusted to 5%, the remaining components were uniformly and correspondingly increased, and the dressing interval of the obtained grinding wheel was 600 rounds of dressing, with a degree of finish rz1.9-2.1.
FIG. 2 is a view of the piston ring surface after grinding by a grinding wheel according to an embodiment; FIG. 3 is an enlarged 300 times view of the piston ring surface after grinding with the grinding wheel according to one embodiment; FIG. 4 is a surface view of a piston ring after grinding by a grinding wheel according to the second embodiment; FIG. 5 is an enlarged 300 view of the piston ring surface after grinding with the second grinding wheel according to the embodiment; FIG. 6 is a surface view of a piston ring after grinding with a grinding wheel according to the comparative example. The comparison shows that compared with the prior grinding wheel, the piston ring ground by the grinding wheel has fine and uniform surface lines, no scratch and bright surface.

Claims (2)

1. A high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for a piston ring trapezoid grinding comprises a grinding layer and a substrate, and is characterized in that the grinding layer consists of a fine grinding layer and a coarse grinding layer;
the fine grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of fine diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
18 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of pore-forming agent
The rough grinding layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20 to 35 percent of resin powder
25-40% of coarse diamond
15-22% of silicon carbide powder
18 to 20 percent of copper powder
2-3% of molybdenum disulfide powder
1-10% of a pore-forming agent;
the granularity of the fine diamond is 76 mu m, and the granularity of the coarse diamond is 151 mu m; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder; the pore-forming agent is diazene dicarboxylic acid amide;
the preparation method of the grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively adding the fine diamond and the coarse diamond into a mixture of resin powder, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and a pore-forming agent to respectively obtain a fine grinding layer material and a coarse grinding layer material;
(2) respectively adding the fine grinding layer material and the coarse grinding layer material into a die with a matrix, and respectively obtaining a fine grinding wheel forming body and a coarse grinding wheel forming body through hot pressing and curing; hot pressing at 170 deg.C under 10MPa for 10 min; the curing temperature is 160 ℃, and the curing time is 10 hours; cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after solidification; preheating and exhausting before hot pressing, wherein the preheating time is 3-5 min;
(3) respectively processing the fine grinding wheel forming body and the coarse grinding wheel forming body, and then bonding and fixing to obtain the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring ladder grinding; the bonding adopts epoxy glue bonding, and the fixation adopts bolt fixation; the structure sizes of the fine grinding layer and the coarse grinding layer are the same.
2. The use of the high self-sharpening superhard grinding wheel special for the piston ring terraced grinding as claimed in claim 1 in the processing of piston rings.
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