CN109906981A - The method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration - Google Patents
The method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Eriocheir hepuensis cultural technique fields, disclose a kind of method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration；The method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration includes: ammonia nitrogen concentration in 0.1mg/L, and grazing rate is stablized；After 5d circulating water cultivation, 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is 92.50%；The present invention cultivates Eriocheir hepuensis in circulation, needs strict control ammonia nitrogen concentration, and the physical and chemical factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, ion composition should also be kept to stablize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Eriocheir hepuensis cultural technique fields, more particularly to a kind of control ammonia nitrogen concentration that passes through to improve Pu suede
The method of chela crab circulating water cultivation survival rate.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such that
Eriocheir hepuensis (Eriocheir hepuensis) crab belongs to Arthropoda, Crustachia, Decapoda, Asia of creeping
Mesh, Grapsidae, bending of leg subfamily, Eriocheir, are mainly distributed on 108~109 ° of east longitude, the south Guangxi on the south 23 ° of north latitude and sea
At the logical river of silly sight, and paddy field, reservoir, pond for being communicated with these rivers etc..The western ground in Vietnam east and the Lezhou Peninsula
Area is also it has been found that cross the trace of Eriocheir hepuensis.It is its delicious meat, full of nutrition, become a kind of edible warp of important fresh water
Ji crab class, existing scholar study its ecosystem characterization, physiological and biochemical property etc., but to its artificial culture technology
It probes into few.
Circulating water cultivation is a kind of intensive, high density, the aquaculture mode of high-yield and high-efficiency, it is considered to be the following aquatic products
Cultivate the direction of development.But the increase of cultivation density will also result in water pollution, principal element be cultivated animals residual bait,
Excrement and remains.In general, feed includes 22%~65% protein, and only about 20%~30% protein is supported
Animal absorption is grown, in breeding water body, these substances are constantly oxidized decomposition to be caused remaining about 75% protein residues
Ammonia nitrogen accumulates in water body.Ammonia nitrogen is excessively high to will cause cultivated animals poisoning even death, can endanger the ammonia nitrogen of low concentration feeding
Grow the growth and existence of animal[69].The young crab of Portunus trituberculatus Miers (Portunus trituberculatus) is put in the prior art
96h survival rate is only 62.5% in the water environment that ammonia nitrogen concentration is 5mg/L.It is dense that river crab son crab is placed on ammonia nitrogen in the prior art
Degree is that 96h survival rate is only 30% in the water environment of 4mg/L.Ammonia nitrogen also affects the growth and development and shell of aquatic livestock
Rate.Therefore both environmental factors of ammonia nitrogen have large effect to aquaculture organism, are carrying out industrial circulating water cultivating Hepu suede
Very it is necessary to consider the safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen when chela crab.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: this environmental factor of ammonia nitrogen has large effect to aquaculture organism,
When carrying out industrial circulating water cultivating Eriocheir hepuensis, very it is necessary to consider the safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is followed the present invention provides a kind of by control ammonia nitrogen concentration raising Pu Eriocheir
The method of ring water cultivation survival rate.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of improve Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration
Method, the method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration includes: that ammonia nitrogen concentration exists
When 0.1mg/L, grazing rate is stablized；After 5d circulating water cultivation, 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is
92.50%.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The present invention cultivates Eriocheir hepuensis in circulation, needs strict control ammonia nitrogen concentration, should also keep temperature,
The physical and chemical factors such as dissolved oxygen, ion composition are stablized.
The experiment proves that crab to ammonia nitrogen concentration in 0.1mg/L, grazing rate keep stablize；It is supported by 5d recirculated water
After growing experiment, 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate highest is 92.50%.And crab is in 0.1mg/L ammonia
When nitrogen, shell and growing state are good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the measuring method flow chart of ammonia nitrogen stress provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is influence schematic diagram of the ammonia nitrogen provided in an embodiment of the present invention to Eriocheir hepuensis grazing rate.
Fig. 3 is influence schematic diagram of the ammonia nitrogen provided in an embodiment of the present invention to Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the measuring method of ammonia nitrogen stress provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically includes the following steps:
S101: experiment carries out disinfection to circulating water culture system using 0.5mg/L chlorine dioxide before starting；It chooses good
Eriocheir hepuensis and feed；
S102: by adding NH4Cl be arranged 0.1 (control), 0.5,1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration this group experiment, test
Carry out 5d；
S103: daily 22:00 feeds bait, and 20 (1.5 ± 0.15g) are fed in each crab box, clear in second day 8:00
Manage residual bait and statistical magnitude；
S104: every group experiment carries out 5d, crab survival condition is observed when feeding feed and cleaning feed, if there is dead crab to take in time
Out, water quality indicator, grazing rate and survival rate are measured.
In step S101, experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention is advanced in the non-biofilm of circulating water culture system biofilter
Row.
In step S101, the effective component 8% of chlorine dioxide provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In step S101, the selection limbs of Eriocheir hepuensis used in experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention are sound, vigor is good
Good, average weight is used to test in the individual of 30~40g.
In step S101, bait provided in an embodiment of the present invention is crab mixed feed, crude protein 36%.
Experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention carries out in 3 sets of identical indoor circulating water crab farming systems, every set system cultivation
240 crabs, each crab box cultivate 1, each parallel 80.
Water is not changed during experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, concentration is made by addition reagent N H4Cl and supplement tap water
It keeps stablizing.
Experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention makes the control of breeding water body temperature at 27.3 DEG C ± 0.3 DEG C by constant temperature machine, system
It is 8~10mg/L that oxygen machine, which controls Dissolved Oxygen in Water (DO),.
Eriocheir hepuensis used in experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention temporarily supports 7d in cultivated crabs box and tames and dociles food.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Eriocheir hepuensis cultural methods, and Hepu is cultivated in circulation
Eriocheir needs strict control ammonia nitrogen concentration, while the physical and chemical factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, ion composition should also be kept to stablize.
It elaborates below with reference to specific experiment to application principle of the invention；
1 material and method
1.1 experimental provision
Experiment carries out in the 3 sets of circulating water culture systems created.Circulating water culture system is by cultivating system and Shui Chu
Reason system composition.Every set cultivating system is formed by connecting by 1000 crab boxes, depth of water 2cm in crab box.Water treatment system includes rotary drum
Decline filter, biofilter, Protein Skimmer, oxygenerator, constant temperature machine.Whole system water is 10m3, circular flow is
10m3/h。
1.2 experimental design
Experiment is carried out before the non-biofilm of circulating water culture system biofilter, and experiment uses 0.5mg/L titanium dioxide before starting
Chlorine (effective component 8%, Beijing Zhong great An Te biochemical technology Co., Ltd) carries out disinfection to circulating water culture system.Experiment is 3
It covers in identical indoor circulating water crab farming system and carries out, and 240 crabs of every set system cultivation (each the cultivation of crab box 1, each parallel 80
Only).Experiment carries out in batches, passes through addition NH respectively40.1 (control), 0.5,1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration reality is arranged in Cl
It tests, every group of experiment carries out 5d.Water is not changed during experiment, by adding reagent (NH4Cl) and supplement tap water makes concentration keep steady
It is fixed.Make the control of breeding water body temperature in (27.3 ± 0.3) DEG C by constant temperature machine, oxygenerator control Dissolved Oxygen in Water (DO) be 8~
10mg/L。
1.3 Eriocheir hepuensis and feed
Eriocheir hepuensis is purchased from Guangxi Qinzhou east wind market, is captured by neighbouring fisherman from the basin Qin Jiang.Choose limbs it is sound,
Vigor is good, average weight is used to test in the individual of 30~40g, weighs and measure Eriocheir hepuensis used in all experiments,
Weight specification is shown in Table 1.Bait is the prosperous pavilion crab mixed feed of fishing, is purchased from Lianyungang Ren Tong feed corporation,Ltd, crude protein is
36%.Daily 22:00 feeds bait, and 20 (1.5 ± 0.15g) are fed in each crab box, simultaneously in second day 8:00 cleaning residual bait
Statistical magnitude.Every group of experiment carries out 5d, crab survival condition is observed when feeding feed and cleaning feed, if there is dead crab to take out in time.
It tests Eriocheir hepuensis used and temporarily supports the tame and docile food of 7d in cultivated crabs box.
The experiment crab specification of table 1
1.4 testing indexs and method
1) water quality indicator
NH4+-N is surveyed by Thermo Scientific Orion AQUA fast AQ3700Colorimetry Meter
It is fixed；Temperature, DO, pH are measured by YSI Professional plus Water Test Kits.Eriocheir hepuensis weight uses electronics day
Flat (U.S. OHAUS CAV114C) measurement.
2) grazing rate and survival rate
Grazing rate and survival rate is calculated according to the following formula:
=(F0-Ft)/F0 × 100 FIR (Food Intake Rate)
=Qt/Q0 × 100 SR (Survival Rate)
In formula, FIR is average daily grazing rate (%), and F0 is feedstuff feeding amount, and Ft is feed surplus；SR is survival rate
(%)；Qt is remaining number of individuals at the end of experiment daily, and Q0 is initial individuals number.
At the end of experiment, Eriocheir hepuensis changes of weight is measured.
1.5 data process&analysis
All data are handled by Excel 2013 and SPSS 19.0, one-way analysis of variance (One-
WayANOVA), Duncan method carries out Multiple range test, and p < 0.05 is significant difference, and p < 0.01 is that difference is extremely significant.Experimental result is used
Mean+SD (x ± SD) indicates, is drawn using Graphpad prism5.
2 results and analysis
Influence of 2.1 ammonia nitrogen stress to Eriocheir hepuensis grazing rate and survival rate
The circulating water cultivation of 5d tests discovery, and ammonia nitrogen influences the feeding behaviour of Eriocheir hepuensis, as a result sees Fig. 2, Hepu suede
Chela crab shows different grazing rates under the ammonia nitrogen stress of various concentration.Test 1d, the average daily grazing rate highest of control group,
It is 53.46%, is secondly 1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration experimental group, the average daily grazing rate of 0.5mg/L mass concentration group is minimum.It is real
It tests after 2d, the ammonia nitrogen average daily grazing rate of mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis and control group, 0.5mg/L ammonia nitrogen matter of 1.0mg/L
It measures there are significant difference (p < 0.05) between concentration group, ammonia nitrogen mass concentration is that the experimental group Eriocheir hepuensis of 0.5mg/L is average daily
Grazing rate and control group are without significant difference (p > 0.05).For ammonia nitrogen mass concentration is the experimental group of 1.0mg/L, with the time
Passage, the average daily grazing rate of Eriocheir hepuensis are totally on a declining curve；For 0.1mg/L and 0.5mg/L mass concentration group, with
Adaptation of the crab to ammonia nitrogen concentration, grazing rate keep stablizing.Ammonia nitrogen not only influences the feeding behaviour of Eriocheir hepuensis, also will affect conjunction
The survival of Pu Eriocheir.Under various concentration ammonia nitrogen stress.
From the figure 3, it may be seen that experiment 1~3d, though between each experimental group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate without significant difference (p >
0.05), but as ammonia nitrogen concentration increases, Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is lower.Test 4d, the combination of 1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration
There are significant difference (p < 0.05) between Pu Eriocheir survival rate and 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group, with 0.5mg/L ammonia nitrogen matter
Measure between concentration group without significant difference (p > 0.05), and 0.5mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate with
Difference is not significant (p > 0.05) between 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group.Test 5d, the combination of 0.5mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration
Without significant difference (p > 0.05) between Pu Eriocheir survival rate and control group；1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration experimental group Hepu suede
Otherness is extremely significant (p < 0.01) between chela crab survival rate and control group, the otherness between 0.5mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group
Extremely significant (p < 0.01).After the experiment of 5d circulating water cultivation, 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is most
Height is 92.50%；Followed by 0.5mg/L mass concentration group is 90.83%；1.0mg/L mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis is deposited
Motility rate is minimum, is 83.33%.
Influence of 2.2 ammonia nitrogens to Eriocheir hepuensis degenerate cllipticity
The shell of each ammonia nitrogen concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis and growing state such as table 2, ammonia nitrogen concentration are 0.1mg/L group Hepu suede
The shell rate highest of chela crab is 1mg/L group Eriocheir hepuensis shell rate significant difference (p < 0.05) with ammonia nitrogen concentration, and experiment terminates
When, each group Eriocheir hepuensis has different degrees of weight gain, but difference is not significant (p > 0.05).Each nitrite nitrogen concentration combination
Pu Eriocheir shell rate and growing state such as table 2, nitrite nitrogen concentration are that the shell rate of 0.005mg/L group Eriocheir hepuensis is aobvious
It writes and is higher than 0.5mg/L group Eriocheir hepuensis (p<0.05), the changes of weight amount of Eriocheir hepuensis is not significant (p>0.05) between each group.
Each ammonia nitrogen concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis growth change of table 2
3 results
The influence that 3.1 ammonia nitrogens ingest to Eriocheir hepuensis
A large amount of result of study shows that ammonia nitrogen increases, and water quality deterioration will affect ingesting, grow, being metabolized for cultivated animals
Vital movement.In this experiment, when ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/L, the grazing rate of Eriocheir hepuensis is substantially less than other groups, significant difference
(p<0.05).Increase as ammonia nitrogen concentration rises with stress time, reduces Eriocheir hepuensis to a certain extent to feed
Intake, causes feed efficiency to reduce, and feed coefficient increases, and influences ingesting and growing for Eriocheir hepuensis.The research such as Foss
Non-ionic ammonia (NH3- N) to the toxicity of cod, work as NH3When-N concentration is greater than 0.06mg/L, Day feeding amount is reduced, growth
Rate decline.With NH3The concentration of-N increases, and the food ration of cultivated animals reduces.Colt etc. is research shows that 0.31mg/L ammonia nitrogen energy
The growth of silver carp is significantly reduced, feed efficiency is reduced.
The influence that 3.2 ammonia nitrogens survive to Eriocheir hepuensis
During circulating water cultivation, especially under high density culture mode, the ammonia nitrogen in breeding water body can be accumulated constantly
It is tired, when concentration reaches certain value, it will have a direct impact on cultivated animals existence, while can also induce a variety of diseases.In this experiment
Ammonia nitrogen concentration is that 1mg/L Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is substantially less than other groups, and there are apparent dosage effect (p < 0.05).Chen Jian
Found to the young shellfish of clam and at shellfish survival with the influence of tolerance etc. ammonia nitrogen is had studied, ammonia nitrogen significantly affect clam children shellfish and at
The survival rate of shellfish, ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher, and toxicity is stronger, and the survival rate of clam is lower, young shellfish and the ammonia nitrogen safe concentration at shellfish
Respectively 3.61mg/L, 15.07mg/L.Wang Tian etc. has studied the influence that ammonia nitrogen survives to hickie pike juvenile, poisonous effect with
Ammonia nitrogen concentration and poisoning time are positively correlated, and the safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 2.031mg/L, and corresponding nonionic nitrogen concentration is
0.080mg/L。
The influence factor of 3.3 ammonia nitrogen toxicity and the relationship of degenerate cllipticity
Biological factor and abiotic factor can be divided into the factor of cultivated animals toxicity by influencing ammonia nitrogen, and biological factor is mainly wrapped
Include type, stage of development and specification, ecological habit and the living environment of cultivated animals；Abiotic factor mainly includes cultivation temperature
Degree, breeding water body dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ion etc.[88].Chen Jiayi etc. studies ammonia nitrogen to Z5, Z8 and Z11 phase Macrobrachium rosenbergii children
Body 96h acute toxicity test discovery, ammonia nitrogen to the safe concentration of Z5, Z8 and Z11 Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae be respectively 2.10mg/L,
2.74mg/L and 2.76mg/L.Zhu great Shi etc. has studied normal dissolved oxygen (5.5~6.0mg/L) and oxygenation (9.0~11.0mg/L)
Under the conditions of ammonia nitrogen to the acute toxicity test of freshwater shrimp, research shows that ammonia nitrogen has freshwater shrimp under normal dissolved oxygen and aerobic condition
There is certain toxicity, under aerobic condition, toxicity is all reduced.The above research is all with 1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen in this experiment to Hepu suede
The existence of chela crab is different with the influence ingested, it may be possible to due to otherness and the cultivated animals difference of experiment condition.Separately there is research table
The composition of bright cultivation water intermediate ion also will affect ammonia nitrogen to cultivated animals toxicity, Cl-、Ca2+It is able to suppress ferrihemoglobin
The raising of content, but the Cl under this experiment condition, in breeding water body-And Ca2+It is derived only from a small amount of breeding feed, leads to water
Cl-, Ca in environment2+Concentration level is lower, the adverse effect for being not enough to inhibit ammonia nitrogen to Eriocheir hepuensis.
Ammonia nitrogen can also make the loss of appetite of aquatic animal, influence its growth and development and shell, the metabolite of biology itself
In can also contain micro noxious material.It is easy to cause aquatic animal quick-fried aquaculture process nitrogen concentration of nitrite is higher
Send out disease or even mortality.It is cultivated compared to traditional Tu Tang, uses " one box of a crab " in crab apartment circulating water culture system
Breeding way the survival rate of cultivation can be improved and avoid after Eriocheir hepuensis shell by similar attack.For Eriocheir hepuensis
For, weight can increase by 30~70% after each shell.In this experiment, each ammonia nitrogen group Eriocheir hepuensis has at the end of experiment
Different degrees of weight gain, and the average weight of ammonia nitrogen concentration Eriocheir hepuensis in 0.1mg/L changes maximum, but group difference is not
Significantly, it may be possible to since experimental period falls short of, not find growth and development of the ammonia nitrogen to circulating water cultivation Eriocheir hepuensis temporarily
Influence, in fact, annual 7~August is the important period of Eriocheir hepuensis degenerate cllipticity and development, when considering that ammonia nitrogen both
Influence of the environmental factor to growth and development needs to extend experimental period and carries out the measurement of more physical signs.In this experiment,
Ammonia nitrogen is that the shell rate of Eriocheir hepuensis in 0.1mg/L group is significantly higher than 1.0mg/L ammonia nitrogen concentration group, is 11.25%, with ammonia
Nitrogen concentration increases, and the shell rate of Eriocheir hepuensis is negatively correlated therewith.Yong etc. is the study found that blue crab (Callinectes
Sapidus) in the water environment that ammonia nitrogen concentration is 16.86mg/L, the survival rate and shell rate of blue crab are influenced significantly by ammonia nitrogen.This
It is substantially similar to the result of study in this experiment, but have larger difference for ammonia nitrogen concentration, reason may be cultivating condition
The difference of otherness and cultivated animals, blue crab, mud crab and Orithyia sinica belong to marine cultured animal, with Hepu suede
Chela crab physiological characteristic and ammonia nitrogen tolerance degree have biggish otherness.Open that your grade research ammonia nitrogen concentration also will affect mud crab shell
Time-to-live afterwards, ammonia nitrogen concentration be lower than 8mg/L when, mud crab can normal shell, ammonia nitrogen concentration be greater than 16mg/L when, mud crab
Shell will be suppressed, there were significant differences with 64~128mg/L concentration group shell rate for ammonia nitrogen concentration 0~8mg/L concentration group (p <
0.05) when, ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 128mg/L, mud crab can be dead in a short time；When ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 32mg/L, before shell
Mud crab can normally survive, and survival rate is higher, and when ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher than 64mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is more apparent to the toxicity of mud crab, only
A small amount of mud crab can survive, and when ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 8mg/L, mud crab survival rate is higher after shell, due to the limitation of experiment condition, originally
Experiment does not count on the upgrowth situation after Eriocheir hepuensis shell.
Eriocheir hepuensis is cultivated in circulation, needs strict control ammonia nitrogen concentration, should also keep temperature, dissolution
The physical and chemical factors such as oxygen, ion composition are stablized.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for improving Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate by control ammonia nitrogen concentration, which is characterized in that described
Include: ammonia nitrogen concentration in 0.1mg/L by the method that control ammonia nitrogen concentration improves Pu Eriocheir circulating water cultivation survival rate, takes the photograph
Food rate is stablized；After 5d circulating water cultivation, 0.1mg/L ammonia nitrogen mass concentration group Eriocheir hepuensis survival rate is 92.50%.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111387107A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-10 | 北部湾大学 | Method for improving breeding survival rate and bait intake of mitten crab by controlling nitrite nitrogen concentration |
| CN112858619A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-28 | 华南农业大学 | Prediction and early warning method for prawn culture water quality |
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| CN105807018A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-07-27 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Method for comprehensively evaluating threat of ammoniacal nitrogen on aquatic animals |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111387107A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-10 | 北部湾大学 | Method for improving breeding survival rate and bait intake of mitten crab by controlling nitrite nitrogen concentration |
| CN112858619A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-28 | 华南农业大学 | Prediction and early warning method for prawn culture water quality |
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