CN109899229B - Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade - Google Patents
Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN109899229B CN109899229B CN201910239796.9A CN201910239796A CN109899229B CN 109899229 B CN109899229 B CN 109899229B CN 201910239796 A CN201910239796 A CN 201910239796A CN 109899229 B CN109899229 B CN 109899229B
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- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade, which is divided into 20 sections along the blade span, 21 sections are all provided, and the wind turbine blade comprises: the chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and the chord length gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section; the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high wind energy utilization coefficient and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind turbine blade, in particular to a low-wind-speed high-performance wind turbine blade.
Background
At present, the industry generally considers that low wind speed wind power refers to wind power with the annual average wind speed of 5.3m/s-6.5m/s at the central height of a hub of a wind turbine generator set, the annual utilization hours are less than 2000h, and the frequency of the wind speed of 3-7m/s in one year is higher. The development and utilization of the current wind power project are mainly oriented to high-wind-speed wind fields, and mainly concentrate on high-wind-speed areas rich in wind energy resources, but the wind energy development areas of the areas are relatively narrow. With the rapid development of wind power installations in recent years, the development and utilization of high-wind-speed wind farms have tended to be saturated.
But existing wind turbine blades are not efficient at low wind speeds.
The key to the development and utilization of low wind speed wind energy resources is to develop high-performance low wind speed wind turbine blades. Because wind energy density is lower in the low wind speed wind resource area, the low wind speed wind turbine needs to have a larger wind sweeping area and a higher tower barrel to acquire enough wind energy compared with the high wind speed wind turbine. At present, the research and development of the low wind speed wind turbine is still in a starting stage, and is mostly improved by the measures of lengthening blades, increasing the diameter of a wind wheel, increasing the height of a tower barrel and the like on the basis of the original high wind speed wind turbine model. The model improved by simply increasing the wind wheel and the tower height can acquire certain wind energy at low wind speed, but the wind energy utilization coefficient is lower (generally 4.0-4.5), and the requirement of low wind speed resource development cannot be truly met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the low-wind-speed high-performance wind turbine blade.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
A low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade divided into 20 sections along the blade span, 21 sections altogether, and:
The chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and the chord length gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section.
The distances between the sections are equal.
Of the 21 sections, the airfoil thickness is equal from the 15 th section to the 21 st section.
The airfoil thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the airfoil thickness of the first section.
Of the 21 sections, the first section is up to the 5 th section, and the installation torsion angles are all 5 degrees.
The values of the chord lengths and the torsion angles of the wing profiles with 21 sections are as follows:
| section numbering | Leaf height position (leaf height/radius) | Mounting torsion angle/° | Chord length/m | Airfoil thickness/% |
| 1 | 0 | 12.31 | 2.00 | 100 |
| 2 | 0.05 | 12.31 | 2.034 | 98.2 |
| 3 | 0.1 | 12.31 | 2.795 | 63.5 |
| 4 | 0.15 | 12.31 | 3.5470 | 39.1 |
| 5 | 0.20 | 12.31 | 3.736 | 30.0 |
| 6 | 0.25 | 9.48 | 3.571 | 28.4 |
| 7 | 0.30 | 7.93 | 3.279 | 25.5 |
| 8 | 0.35 | 6.82 | 2.959 | 23.8 |
| 9 | 0.40 | 5.97 | 2.654 | 23.3 |
| 10 | 0.45 | 5.23 | 2.383 | 22.7 |
| 11 | 0.50 | 4.57 | 2.144 | 22.2 |
| 12 | 0.55 | 3.96 | 1.929 | 21.7 |
| 13 | 0.60 | 3.37 | 1.745 | 21.2 |
| 14 | 0.65 | 2.80 | 1.586 | 16.7 |
| 15 | 0.70 | 2.22 | 1.440 | 15.0 |
| 16 | 0.75 | 1.65 | 1.320 | 15.0 |
| 17 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.203 | 15.0 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 0.47 | 1.103 | 15.0 |
| 19 | 0.90 | -0.14 | 1.005 | 15.0 |
| 20 | 0.95 | -0.77 | 0.910 | 15.0 |
| 21 | 1 | -1.42 | 0.815 | 15.0 |
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The wind energy utilization coefficient is high: the low wind speed wind turbine blade selects the special wing profile of the wind turbine with better aerodynamic performance at low wind speed, and has the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of 0.518 when the tip speed ratio lambda is 9.7 through reasonable arrangement of the wing profiles along the blade span and design of the optimal chord length and the torsion angle of each section.
2) The applicable annual average wind speed is lower: the low wind speed blade can achieve rated power operation in a wind resource area with the annual average wind speed not lower than 5.3m/s at the height of the hub.
Drawings
FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of 21 sections;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the variable speed pitch of a low wind turbine to which the low wind speed blade of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a genetic algorithm used in the blade optimization design of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of output power versus wind speed for a low wind turbine to which the low wind speed blade of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 6 is a graph of wind energy utilization coefficient versus tip speed ratio for a low wind speed wind turbine blade of the present invention. .
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade is divided into 20 sections along the blade span, 21 sections are totally used, 5 special wing sections with relative thickness of 30%, 24%, 21%, 18% and 15% are respectively used for modeling the blade, and the wing sections are respectively:
The chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and the chord length gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section.
The distances between the sections are equal.
Of the 21 sections, the airfoil thickness is equal from the 15 th section to the 21 st section.
The airfoil thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the airfoil thickness of the first section.
Of the 21 sections, the first section is up to the 5 th section, and the installation torsion angles are all 5 degrees.
The values of the chord length and the torsion angle of the airfoil arrangement of 21 sections are as follows:
TABLE 1
The blade is suitable for a low wind speed horizontal axis wind turbine with rated power of 1MW, and the wind turbine is suitable for running in a low wind speed resource area with annual average wind speed of 5.2-5.5 m/s at the height of a hub. The low wind speed wind turbine blade has higher aerodynamic performance, and the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient reaches 0.518. The wind turbine adopts a power regulation mode of variable speed and variable pitch.
The calculated variable speed pitch curve for the power regulation of the wind turbine is shown in figure 3. The pitch angle is kept unchanged from the cut-in wind speed, and the rotation speed of the wind wheel is controlled in a variable speed mode according to a rotation speed curve shown in the graph, so that the wind turbine operates at a tip speed ratio with the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient. The wind speed is increased to 7.5m/s, the rotating speed is kept unchanged after the wind turbine reaches rated power, and the blades are subjected to pitch variation according to a pitch angle curve in the graph, so that the power is kept constant at the rated power.
The shape determining process of the wind turbine blade is as follows
And primarily determining the rated wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine according to a relevant empirical formula by using the annual average wind speed at the height of the hub. The diameter of the wind turbine is then calculated from the rated power and the rated wind speed.
The blade is divided into 20 sections along the blade span, 21 sections are taken in total, and 5 special wing sections with the relative thickness of 30%, 24%, 21%, 18% and 15% are used for modeling the blade respectively.
The chord lengths and the torsion angles of the 21 section airfoils of the blade are calculated, and the initial aerodynamic profile of the blade is established. And taking the initial appearance of the blade as constraint, and adopting a genetic algorithm to perform global search optimization on the distribution of the wing profile along the blade span and the chord length and the torsion angle of each section.
Specifically, the blade design parameters are determined as follows:
(1) Determination of rated wind speed
The wind speed distribution of a wind energy resource area suitable for the low wind speed wind turbine blade is that the annual average wind speed of the hub height is 5.2-6.0 m/s, and the rated wind speed is determined by an empirical formula (1):
Vr＝1.3(1+Vavg) (1)
Wherein V r is the rated wind speed; v avg is the local annual average wind speed.
(2) Calculation of wind wheel diameter D
The diameter of the rotor can be calculated from the following formula:
wherein P is rated power; ρ is the air density in the standard state, 1.225kg/m 3;Cp is taken as the wind energy utilization coefficient; η 1 is the transmission efficiency; η 2 is the generator efficiency.
The initial shape of the blade is designed as follows
According to the general principle that the wing sections of the blade are distributed along the blade span, the wing sections selected by design are distributed along the blade span, the chord length and the torsion angle value of each section of wing section are calculated, and parameters of the initial appearance of the blade are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 blade initial design Each section airfoil parameters
And finally, optimally designing the appearance of the blade by utilizing a genetic algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination of an optimized objective function
For a variable-speed variable-pitch controlled wind turbine, when the wind turbine runs below the rated wind speed, the control system can enable the wind turbine to run at the tip speed ratio corresponding to the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient C P by changing the rotation speed of the wind wheel, namely, the optimal tip speed ratio is kept to run, so that the wind turbine has a larger wind energy utilization coefficient. Therefore, the invention takes the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine in the range from the cut-in wind speed to the rated wind speed as the optimization target.
Wherein: lambda is the tip speed ratio
(2) Optimizing variables and constraints
The aerodynamic profile of a wind turbine blade is determined by the spanwise distribution of the airfoils, the chord length and the twist angle of each section airfoil. The design variables are therefore the chord length, the torsion angle and the relative thickness of the individual sections. In order to continuously and smoothly distribute parameters such as chord length, torsion angle and relative thickness of each section of the blade along the spanwise direction, bezier curves are used for defining the chord length, torsion angle and relative thickness distribution.
The mathematical expression of the Bezier curve is:
Where P i is the position vector of each vertex and B i,n (t) is the Bernstein-odd function.
The constraint equation of the control point is:
Wherein c cpi (i=1, 2,., 8) is a chord length control point; β cpi (i=1, 2,., 5) is the torsion angle control point; r cpi (i=1, 2,., 5) is the relative thickness control point; c root is the diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the cylindrical section of the blade root, c min and c max are the minimum chord length and the maximum chord length of the defined blade airfoil respectively, and are set by referring to the initially designed blade; beta min and beta max are defined minimum and maximum twist angles, respectively, of the blade airfoil, set with reference to the initially designed blade; r min is the minimum blade height position at which the blade section begins to use the airfoil, and R is the blade radius.
(3) Implementation of blade optimization genetic algorithm program
The invention adopts a self-adaptive genetic algorithm to write a blade optimization design program, calculates and obtains the optimal wing profile parameters of each section of the blade, and outputs the wing profile parameters as shown in a table 1, and the genetic algorithm program flow is shown in a figure 4.
After the optimized aerodynamic profile parameters of the low wind speed blade are obtained, the aerodynamic performance of the blade is calculated, and the initial results are obtained as follows:
FIG. 5 is a graph of output power versus wind speed for a low wind turbine to which the low wind speed blade of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 6 is a graph of wind energy utilization coefficient versus tip speed ratio for a low wind speed wind turbine blade of the present invention.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the cut-in wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine is 3m/s, the rated wind speed is 7.5m/s, the rated power is 1MW, and when the wind speed is greater than 7.5m/s, the wind turbine keeps the rated power operation, and the cut-out wind speed is 22m/s.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the low wind speed blade of the present invention has a maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of 0.518 at tip speed ratio λ=9.7. Compared with the common low wind speed wind turbine with the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of 4.0-4.5 in the tip speed ratio range of 7-8, the low wind speed blade has higher aerodynamic performance under the condition of high tip speed ratio (low wind speed).
Claims (1)
1. A low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade is characterized in that the wind turbine blade is divided into 20 sections along the blade span, 21 sections are all provided, and:
The chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and the chord length gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the thickness of the airfoil gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section;
The distances among the sections are equal;
The thickness of the airfoil profile is equal from the 15 th section to the 21 st section in the 21 sections;
the airfoil thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the airfoil thickness of the first section;
the values of the chord lengths and the torsion angles of the wing profiles with 21 sections are as follows:
。
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201347836Y (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2009-11-18 | 中材科技风电叶片股份有限公司 | Wind wheel vane for megawatt wind-power generation equipment |
| CN209855955U (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-12-27 | 上海电力学院 | Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2631474B1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2016-12-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Wind turbine blade, wind power generation system including the same, and method for designing wind turbine blade |
| KR101454258B1 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-10-27 | 한국전력공사 | 25% Thickness Airfoil for Large Scale Wind Turbine Blade |
| CN104405596B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 华北电力大学 | Wind turbine generator system low-wind-speed airfoil section family |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201347836Y (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2009-11-18 | 中材科技风电叶片股份有限公司 | Wind wheel vane for megawatt wind-power generation equipment |
| CN209855955U (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-12-27 | 上海电力学院 | Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade |
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