CN109898328B - Modified aramid fiber and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Modified aramid fiber and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109898328B CN109898328B CN201910195139.9A CN201910195139A CN109898328B CN 109898328 B CN109898328 B CN 109898328B CN 201910195139 A CN201910195139 A CN 201910195139A CN 109898328 B CN109898328 B CN 109898328B
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
- D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
- D06M13/265—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur containing halogen atoms
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- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
- D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
Abstract
The invention discloses a modified aramid fiber and a processing technology thereof, wherein the modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials: aramid fiber, sulfuric acid solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, dichloromethane, thionyl chloride and MgCl2Ethanol solution, dopamine aqueous solution, buffer solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water; the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps: washing aramid fibers; pretreating aramid fibers; acyl chlorination of aramid fibers; MgCl of aramid fiber2Treating with ethanol solution; treating aramid fiber with dopamine aqueous solution; the interface performance of the modified aramid fiber prepared by the invention is improved, and the interface bonding force is improved; the whole preparation process of the modified aramid fiber is green and environment-friendly, has simple process and operation, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aramid fiber materials, in particular to a modified aramid fiber and a processing technology thereof.
Background
The aramid fiber is a general name of aromatic polyamide fiber, according to different chemical structures, the aramid fiber can be classified into homotopic aramid fiber (MPIA) and para-aramid fiber (PPTA), amide bonds on the para-aramid molecular structure and benzene rings form pi conjugate effect, the aramid fiber has high internal rotation energy, molecular chains are in rigid straight state, and strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds exist, the structural characteristics endow the aramid fiber with ultrahigh strength, high modulus, excellent heat resistance and dielectric property, the aramid fiber has wide application in the fields of aerospace materials, sports goods, rubber products and the like, the aramid fiber is an ideal rubber framework material, the aramid fiber can not only inject high temperature resistance, flame resistance, impact resistance, pressure resistance and the like into traditional rubber products, but also can achieve the effects of light weight and energy saving, although the aramid fiber has excellent comprehensive performance, but also has poor interface bonding performance, the aramid fiber has the defects of small compression modulus, low compressive strength and the like, and is due to the fact that the aramid fiber has small rigid straight chain intermolecular acting force, high crystallinity and lacks of chemically active functional groups. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the bonding performance between the aramid fiber and the rubber interface by modifying the surface of the aramid fiber.
The traditional fiber surface modification means includes chemical and physical methods, the chemical modification is to modify the surface of the fiber through chemical reactions such as strong oxidation, chlorination, surface grafting and the like, namely, active groups are introduced on the surface of the fiber, and the interface bonding force between the fiber and a matrix is improved through chemical bonding or polar action. The treatment of plasma, electron beam, ultrasonic wave, radiation and the like is a common physical modification method, the fiber surface can be etched through physical modification, active groups or active centers such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like are introduced into the fiber surface to further initiate grafting reaction, the physical and chemical states of the fiber surface are improved, the interface bonding force between the fiber and a matrix is improved, the physical modification easily forms non-covalent bond acting force on the material surface, the acting force has certain instability and timeliness, and meanwhile, the loss of material performance is easily caused, therefore, a method for effectively improving the aramid fiber surface is found, and the method is a problem to be solved in the field of aramid fiber composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modified aramid fiber and a processing technology thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aramid fiber, 20-30 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 20-30 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 10-20 parts of dichloromethane, 10-20 parts of thionyl chloride, 30-50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30-50 parts of deionized water.
As optimization, the modified aramid fiber also comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: MgCl220-30 parts of ethanol solution, 20-30 parts of dopamine aqueous solution and 10-20 parts of buffer solution.
Firstly, treating aramid fiber by using a sulfuric acid solution, hydrolyzing the aramid fiber and generating carboxyl on the surface of the aramid fiber; secondly, performing substitution reaction on the aramid fiber with carboxyl generated on the surface and thionyl chloride to perform acyl chlorination on the aramid fiber; the acyl chlorinated aramid fiber is processed by MgCl again2Treatment with ethanol solution, MgCl2The complex reaction is carried out with carbonyl in aramid fiber molecules, grooves are etched on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the surface becomes rough; finally, the aramid fiber is treated by dopamine aqueous solution, dopamine generates self-polymerization reaction, a layer of polydopamine coating is deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the aramid fiber passes through MgCl2The grooves etched on the surface of the aramid fiber can promote the poly-dopamine coating to be deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber by the treatment of the ethanol solution, so that the poly-dopamine coating is more uniform and compact in coating on the aramid fiber, and the aramid fiber is made to be more uniformThe dimension keeps the original shape, thereby better playing the role of improving the interfacial properties of the aramid fiber.
Preferably, the buffer solution is any one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-borax buffer solution, disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, boric acid-potassium chloride-sodium hydroxide buffer solution or ammonium chloride-ammonia water buffer solution.
A processing technology of modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fibers;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Treating with ethanol solution;
(5) and (3) treating the aramid fiber with dopamine aqueous solution.
As optimization, the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing aramid fibers, placing the aramid fibers in absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, then placing the aramid fibers in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, and placing the aramid fibers in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in a sulfuric acid solution, taking out, immediately washing with deionized water, then soaking in a sodium bicarbonate solution, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding dichloromethane and thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, stirring and cleaning with dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product into a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding MgCl into the round-bottom flask2The ethanol solution is added into the mixture to prepare the ethanol solution,carrying out reflux reaction, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing with deionized water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (4) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) in a buffer solution, then adding a dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, placing the aramid fiber at room temperature, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven for drying to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
As optimization, the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1-3h, then placing the aramid fiber in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1-2h, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 60-100 ℃ for drying for 3-5 h; respectively ultrasonically cleaning aramid fibers by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in order to remove oil stains and impurities on the surfaces of the aramid fibers;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in a sulfuric acid solution for 1-12h, immediately washing with deionized water for 10-30min after taking out, then soaking in a sodium bicarbonate solution for 3-8min, washing with deionized water for 10-20min after taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for 3-5 h; the sulfuric acid is a micromolecular inorganic strong acid, the corrosion of a low-concentration sulfuric acid solution is mild, the strength loss of aramid fibers is low even if the aramid fibers are treated under a heating condition, and the aramid fibers are treated by the sulfuric acid and subjected to hydrolysis reaction, so that amido bonds in macromolecules of the aramid fibers are broken, and carboxyl is generated on the surfaces of the aramid fibers; the aramid fiber is treated by the sulfuric acid solution for 1-12h, so that energy conservation, consumption reduction and time saving are considered, and simultaneously, acid radical ions and hydrogen ions in the sulfuric acid solution are favorably diffused into the aramid fiber, so that the aramid fiber is more fully swelled and hydrolyzed;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding dichloromethane and thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 5-8h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 2-4 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 3-8 h; after being treated by sulfuric acid, carboxyl generated on the surface of the aramid fiber and thionyl chloride are subjected to substitution reaction to obtain aramid fiber with surface acyl chloride;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Refluxing the ethanol solution at 70-80 deg.C for 3-6 hr, filtering, washing with deionized water for 20-30min, and drying in vacuum drying oven at 60-80 deg.C for 5-8 hr; aramid fiber in MgCl2In the ethanol solution treatment process, MgCl2Complex reaction with carbonyl group in aramid fiber molecule, i.e. Mg2+Complexing the ions with O atoms, passing the aramid fiber through MgCl2After the treatment of the ethanol solution, grooves are etched on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the surface becomes rough;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) in a buffer solution, then adding a dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, placing the mixture at room temperature for 18-24h, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture with deionized water for 20-30min, and placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 5-10h to obtain the modified aramid fiber. When aramid fiber is treated by dopamine aqueous solution, dopamine can generate self-polymerization reaction, so that a layer of polydopamine coating is deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the aramid fiber passes through MgCl2The grooves etched on the surface of the aramid fiber can promote the poly-dopamine coating to be deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber by ethanol solution treatment, so that the poly-dopamine coating is more uniform and more compact in coating of the aramid fiber, the aramid fiber is kept in the original form, and the function of improving the interfacial property of the aramid fiber can be better played.
As optimization, the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution in the step (2) is 30-80 ℃, the mass fraction is 20-80%, and the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 4-10 g/L. The aramid fiber is treated by a sulfuric acid solution, hydrolysis reaction is carried out on the aramid fiber, amide bonds in the aramid fiber are broken, a certain amount of carboxyl is generated on the surface of the aramid fiber, and when the concentration of sulfuric acid is too low, the amount of carboxyl generated on the surface of the aramid fiber is small; when the acid concentration is too high, the hydrolysis strength of the aramid fiber exceeds the balance point, the hydrolysis strength of the aramid fiber is reduced, and the most suitable concentration of the concentrated acid solution is 20-80% by mass; the aramid fiber is treated at the temperature of 30-80 ℃, so that the thermal motion of hydronium ions can be promoted, the adsorption of hydronium ions to the surface of the aramid fiber and the diffusion of hydronium ions to the interior of the aramid fiber are facilitated, the swelling and hydrolysis effects of the aramid fiber are enhanced, the interaction force among aramid fiber macromolecules is weakened through the swelling effect, a passage is provided for hydronium ions to enter the aramid fiber body, the temperature is increased, the amido bond fracture is accelerated, and carboxyl is more easily generated on the aramid fiber macromolecule chains; sodium bicarbonate solution was used to neutralize the sulfuric acid solution.
As an optimization, MgCl in step (4)2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 3-8%.
And (4) optimally, the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution in the step (5) is 1-5 g/L.
Preferably, the pH value of the buffer solution in the step (5) is 8-9.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a modified aramid fiber and a processing technology thereof, firstly, the aramid fiber is treated by using a sulfuric acid solution, the aramid fiber is hydrolyzed, and carboxyl is generated on the surface; secondly, performing substitution reaction on the aramid fiber with carboxyl generated on the surface and thionyl chloride to perform acyl chlorination on the aramid fiber; the acyl chlorinated aramid fiber is processed by MgCl again2Treatment with ethanol solution, MgCl2The complex reaction is carried out with carbonyl in aramid fiber molecules, grooves are etched on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the surface becomes rough; finally, the aramid fiber is treated by dopamine aqueous solution, dopamine generates self-polymerization reaction, a layer of polydopamine coating is deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber, and the aramid fiber passes through MgCl2The grooves etched on the surface of the aramid fiber can promote the poly-dopamine coating to be deposited on the surface of the aramid fiber by the treatment of the ethanol solution, so that the poly-dopamine coating is more uniform and compact in coating on the aramid fiber, the aramid fiber is kept in the original form, and the interface of the aramid fiber is enabledThe performance is improved, and the interface bonding force is improved; the whole preparation process of the modified aramid fiber is green and environment-friendly, has simple process and operation, and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of aramid fiber, 20 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 20 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 10 parts of dichloromethane, 10 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl220 parts of ethanol solution, 20 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-borax buffer solution, 30 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 10 aramid fibers, placing the aramid fibers in 30 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonically cleaning for 1 hour, then placing the aramid fibers in 30 parts of deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning for 1 hour, and placing the aramid fibers in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 3 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 20 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 1 hour, wherein the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is 30 ℃ and the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 20%, taking out the aramid fiber, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 10 minutes, then soaking the aramid fiber in 20 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for 3 minutes, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 10 minutes, and drying the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 60 ℃ for 3 hours;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 10 parts of dichloromethane and 10 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 2 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 3 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 20 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 3%, the reflux reaction is carried out for 3h at 70 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the suction filtration is carried out, the deionized water is used for washing for 20min, and the mixture is put into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 5 h;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) into 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-borax buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 8, then adding 20 parts of dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, wherein the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 1g/L, placing the mixture at room temperature for 18h, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture with deionized water for 20min, and placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 5h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Example 2:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of aramid fiber, 22 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 22 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 12 parts of dichloromethane, 12 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl222 parts of ethanol solution, 22 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 12 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, 35 parts of absolute ethanol and 35 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 12 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 35 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.5h, then placing the aramid fiber in 35 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.2h, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 3.5 h;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 22 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 2 hours, wherein the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is 40 ℃ and the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 30%, taking out the aramid fiber, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 15 minutes, then soaking the aramid fiber in 22 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for 4 minutes, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 12 minutes, and drying the aramid fiber in a 65 ℃ vacuum drying box for 3.5 hours;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 12 parts of dichloromethane and 12 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 5.5 hours at 65 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 2 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying for 4 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 22 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 4%, the reflux reaction is carried out for 4h at 72 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the suction filtration is carried out, the deionized water is used for washing for 22min, and the mixture is put into a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying for 6 h;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) into 12 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 8.2, then adding 22 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 2g/L, placing at room temperature for 19h, taking out, washing with deionized water for 22min, and placing in a 65 ℃ vacuum drying oven for drying for 6h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Example 3:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of aramid fiber, 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 15 parts of dichloromethane, 15 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl225 parts of ethanol solution, 25 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 40 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 15 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 2 hours, then placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.5 hours, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 6 hours, wherein the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is 55 ℃ and the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 50%, taking out the aramid fiber, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 20 minutes, then placing the aramid fiber into 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for soaking for 5.5 minutes, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 7g/L, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 15 minutes, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 70 ℃ for drying for 3-5 hours;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 15 parts of dichloromethane and 15 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 6.5 hours at 70 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 3 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 5.5 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 25 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 5.5%, the reflux reaction is carried out for 3.5h at 75 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the suction filtration is carried out, the deionized water is used for washing for 25min, and the ethanol solution is put into a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 6.5 h;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) in 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 8.5, then adding 25 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 3g/L, placing at room temperature for 21h, taking out, washing with deionized water for 25min, and placing in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 7.5h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Example 4:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of aramid fiber, 28 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 28 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 18 parts of dichloromethane, 18 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl228 parts of ethanol solution, 28 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 18 parts of boric acid-potassium chloride-sodium hydroxide buffer solution,45 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 45 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 18 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 45 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 2.5 hours, then placing the aramid fiber in 45 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.8 hours, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 95 ℃ for drying for 4.5 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 28 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 10 hours, taking out the sulfuric acid solution, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 25 minutes, then soaking the aramid fiber in 28 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for 7 minutes, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 18 minutes, and drying the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 75 ℃ for 4.5 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 70 ℃;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 18 parts of dichloromethane and 18 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 7 hours at 75 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 3 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 75 ℃ for drying for 7 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 28 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 7%, the reflux reaction is carried out for 5h at 78 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the suction filtration is carried out, the deionized water is used for washing for 28min, and the ethanol solution is put into a vacuum drying oven at 75 ℃ for drying for 7 h;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) into 18 parts of boric acid-potassium chloride-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 8.8, then adding 28 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 4g/L, placing the solution at room temperature for 22h, taking the solution out, washing the solution with deionized water for 28min, and placing the solution in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 75 ℃ for drying for 9h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Example 5:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of aramid fiber, 30 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 30 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 20 parts of dichloromethane, 20 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl230 parts of ethanol solution, 30 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 20 parts of ammonium chloride-ammonia buffer solution, 50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 50 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 20 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 3 hours, then placing the aramid fiber in 50 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 2 hours, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 5 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 30 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 12 hours, taking out the sulfuric acid solution, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 30 minutes, then soaking the aramid fiber in 30 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for 8 minutes, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 20 minutes, and drying the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 80 ℃ for 5 hours, wherein the mass fraction of the solution is 80%;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 20 parts of dichloromethane and 20 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 8 hours at 80 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 4 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 8 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 30 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 8%, the ethanol solution is subjected to reflux reaction at 80 ℃ for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, the extraction filtration is carried out, the ethanol solution is washed by deionized water for 30min, and the ethanol solution is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 8 hours;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) into 20 parts of ammonium chloride-ammonia buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 9, then adding 30 parts of dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 5g/L, standing the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours, taking the mixture out, washing the mixture with deionized water for 30 minutes, and placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 10 hours to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Comparative example 1:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of aramid fiber, 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 15 parts of dichloromethane, 15 parts of thionyl chloride and MgCl225 parts of ethanol solution, 40 parts of absolute ethanol and 40 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 15 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 2 hours, then placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.5 hours, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 6 hours, wherein the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is 55 ℃ and the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 50%, taking out the aramid fiber, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 20 minutes, then placing the aramid fiber into 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for soaking for 5.5 minutes, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 7g/L, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 15 minutes, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 70 ℃ for drying for 3-5 hours;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 15 parts of dichloromethane and 15 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 6.5 hours at 70 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 3 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 5.5 hours;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding 25 parts of MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Ethanol solution, MgCl2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is5.5 percent, carrying out reflux reaction at 75 ℃ for 3.5 hours, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing with deionized water for 25min, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for 6.5 hours to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Comparative example 1 is the same as example 3 except that aramid fibers were not treated with an aqueous solution of polybamine.
Comparative example 2:
a modified aramid fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of aramid fiber, 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 15 parts of dichloromethane, 15 parts of thionyl chloride, 25 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 40 parts of deionized water.
The modified aramid fiber is processed by adopting the raw materials, and the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing 15 parts of aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 2 hours, then placing the aramid fiber in 40 parts of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1.5 hours, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4 hours;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in 25 parts of sulfuric acid solution for 6 hours, wherein the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is 55 ℃ and the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution is 50%, taking out the aramid fiber, immediately washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 20 minutes, then placing the aramid fiber into 25 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution for soaking for 5.5 minutes, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 7g/L, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water for 15 minutes, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying box at 70 ℃ for drying for 3-5 hours;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding 15 parts of dichloromethane and 15 parts of thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 6.5 hours at 70 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 3 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 5.5 hours;
(4) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, wherein the pH value of the buffer solution is 8.5, then adding 25 parts of dopamine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution is 3g/L, placing at room temperature for 21h, taking out, washing with deionized water for 25min, and placing in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 7.5h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 3 in that the aramid fibers were not MgCl2The ethanol solution was treated in the same manner as in example 3.
Example of effects:
(1) experimental samples: the modified aramid fibers prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and the modified aramid fibers prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2.
(2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: intrinsic viscosity (. eta.) measurement: using methanesulfonic acid as a solvent, preparing a sample solution (with the concentration of 0.3-0.6 g/dL) with a certain concentration, respectively measuring the outflow time of the methanesulfonic acid solvent and the sample solution by using an Ubbelohde viscometer (with the diameter of a capillary tube of 0.9-1.0 mm) at 30 ℃, and deriving the intrinsic viscosity (eta) of the experimental sample by using a Huggins equation: etasp/C=η+kη2C, in the formula, etasp=（t/t0) -1, η is the intrinsic viscosity, t0The solvent flow-out time, t the sample solution flow-out time, C the concentration (g/dL) of the sample solution, and eta at different concentrations was measuredspDrawing a straight line for C, and extrapolating the straight line to intercept on a Y axis to obtain the intrinsic viscosity (eta), wherein the test result is shown in a table 1; and (3) testing tensile strength: the tensile strength of the monofilaments of the experimental samples was tested according to the national standard GB/T14337-2008 test method for tensile properties of chemical fiber staple fibers of the people's republic of China, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The experimental results are as follows: as can be seen from Table 1, the modified aramid fibers obtained in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention all had intrinsic viscosity of 10.3dL/g or more and tensile strength of 28.3MPa or more, while the modified aramid fibers obtained in comparative examples 1 and 2 had propertiesThe viscosity numbers are respectively 4.8dL/g and 5.2dL/g, and the tensile strengths are respectively 10.1MPa and 9.8 MPa; the experimental results show that in comparative example 1, aramid fibers are subjected to MgCl because the aramid fibers are not treated with an aqueous solution of dopamine, as compared with examples 1 to 52The modified aramid fiber is obtained after the treatment of the ethanol solution, the surface of the aramid fiber has certain gullies and grooves, the surface is rougher than the surface, and the structure of the aramid fiber is damaged to a certain extent, so that the intrinsic viscosity and the tensile strength of the prepared modified aramid fiber are far smaller than those of the modified aramid fiber prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5; comparative example 2 compares with examples 1 to 5, since aramid fiber is not MgCl2The method comprises the following steps of treating an ethanol solution, treating aramid fibers with a dopamine aqueous solution to obtain modified aramid fibers, adhering a part of polydopamine coating on the surface of the aramid fibers, and forming a plurality of salient points on the surface of the aramid fibers, wherein the polydopamine coating is unevenly and loosely coated on the aramid fibers, so that the intrinsic viscosity and the tensile strength of the prepared modified aramid fibers are far smaller than those of the modified aramid fibers prepared in examples 1 to 5.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (9)
1. The modified aramid fiber is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aramid fiber, 20-30 parts of sulfuric acid solution, 20-30 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, 10-20 parts of dichloromethane, 10-20 parts of thionyl chloride, 30-50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30-50 parts of deionized water;
the modified aramid fiber also comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: MgCl2Ethanol soluble20-30 parts of liquid, 20-30 parts of dopamine aqueous solution and 10-20 parts of buffer solution.
2. The modified aramid fiber of claim 1, wherein: the buffer solution is any one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-borax buffer solution, disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution, boric acid-potassium chloride-sodium hydroxide buffer solution or ammonium chloride-ammonia water buffer solution.
3. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) washing aramid fibers;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fibers;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Treating with ethanol solution;
(5) and (3) treating the aramid fiber with dopamine aqueous solution.
4. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 3, wherein the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing aramid fibers, placing the aramid fibers in absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, then placing the aramid fibers in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, and placing the aramid fibers in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in a sulfuric acid solution, taking out, immediately washing with deionized water, then soaking in a sodium bicarbonate solution, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding dichloromethane and thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, stirring and cleaning with dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product into a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Carrying out reflux reaction on an ethanol solution, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing with deionized water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven;
(5) and (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (4) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) in a buffer solution, then adding a dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, placing the aramid fiber at room temperature, taking out the aramid fiber, washing the aramid fiber with deionized water, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven for drying to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
5. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 4, wherein the processing technology of the modified aramid fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) washing aramid fibers: weighing aramid fiber, placing the aramid fiber in absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1-3h, then placing the aramid fiber in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1-2h, and placing the aramid fiber in a vacuum drying oven at 60-100 ℃ for drying for 3-5 h;
(2) pretreating aramid fibers: soaking the aramid fiber obtained in the step (1) in a sulfuric acid solution for 1-12h, immediately washing with deionized water for 10-30min after taking out, then soaking in a sodium bicarbonate solution for 3-8min, washing with deionized water for 10-20min after taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for 3-5 h;
(3) acyl chlorination of aramid fiber: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (2) into a round-bottom flask, then sequentially adding dichloromethane and thionyl chloride into the round-bottom flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 5-8h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after the reaction is finished, stirring and cleaning for 2-4 times by using dichloromethane, and placing the obtained product in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 3-8 h;
(4) MgCl of aramid fiber2Ethanol solution treatment: placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (3) into a round-bottom flask, and then adding MgCl into the round-bottom flask2Refluxing ethanol solution at 70-80 deg.C for 3-6 hr, filtering, washing with deionized water for 20-30min, and drying in vacuum drying oven at 60-80 deg.C for 5-8 hrh；
(5) And (3) dopamine aqueous solution treatment of aramid fiber: and (3) placing the aramid fiber obtained in the step (4) in a buffer solution, then adding a dopamine aqueous solution into the buffer solution, placing the mixture at room temperature for 18-24h, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture with deionized water for 20-30min, and placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 5-10h to obtain the modified aramid fiber.
6. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution in the step (2) is 30-80 ℃, the mass fraction is 20-80%, and the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 4-10 g/L.
7. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that: MgCl in the step (4)2The mass fraction of the ethanol solution is 3-8%.
8. The processing technology of the modified aramid fiber according to claim 7, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the dopamine aqueous solution in the step (5) is 1-5 g/L.
9. The process for processing a modified aramid fiber as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein: the pH value of the buffer solution in the step (5) is 8-9.
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