CN109895640B - Two-stage control system and control method for wireless charging of electric automobile - Google Patents

Two-stage control system and control method for wireless charging of electric automobile Download PDF

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CN109895640B
CN109895640B CN201910140549.3A CN201910140549A CN109895640B CN 109895640 B CN109895640 B CN 109895640B CN 201910140549 A CN201910140549 A CN 201910140549A CN 109895640 B CN109895640 B CN 109895640B
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voltage
transformer
circuit
current
diode
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CN109895640A (en
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张辉
王阳光
陈敬
王凯
唐丛辉
王玉源
赵丹
王小山
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Xian University of Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless charging two-stage control system and a wireless charging two-stage control method for an electric automobile, wherein a wireless charging topology circuit unit and a control circuit unit are connected through a wire; the wireless charging topology circuit unit comprises a transformer primary side circuit and a loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit, wherein the transformer primary side circuit is connected with a transformer secondary side circuit through the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit; the control circuit unit comprises a primary side control circuit of the transformer and a secondary side control circuit of the transformer; the primary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the primary side circuit of the transformer through a wire; the secondary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the secondary side circuit of the transformer through a lead. The invention discloses a two-stage control system and a control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile, which can guarantee the maximum transmission efficiency and simultaneously give consideration to safe and efficient charging of a battery.

Description

Two-stage control system and control method for wireless charging of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless charging, and relates to a two-stage control system and a control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile.
Background
Electric energy transmission plays an important role in production and life of human beings, and how to transmit electric energy more safely, conveniently and efficiently is an important research direction in the field of modern electric power science. In the past decade, as electric vehicles have rapidly developed, charging technology for electric vehicles has matured; the current traditional electric automobile charges and adopts the contact to charge, but this mode has a great deal of shortcoming, if fill electric pile occupy parking area economic nature poor, have the risk of backing a car and crashing and filling electric pile, because the plug exposes and has the potential safety hazard and charge and accomplish the back user and forget to extract the rifle that charges and directly drag disconnected charging wire scheduling problem. In order to overcome the defects of plug-in charging, a wireless charging technology is adopted for charging; the wireless charging technology has the advantages of physical isolation of the primary side and the secondary side, no need of plugging and unplugging a charging gun, no adverse environmental influence, safety, convenience, reliability and the like.
The performance of the wireless power transmission system is affected by the following steps: parameters such as transmission distance, transmission power and efficiency, mutual inductance, frequency, load and the like; the main factors affecting the transmission power and efficiency of wireless power include: transmission coil structure, resonant network and system characteristics, power electronic converter and control method thereof, coil offset, electromagnetic compatibility and the like. In contrast, the wireless power transmission technology has the following advantages: the insulation and sealing are full, so that high voltage electric shock, short circuit and electric leakage danger can be avoided; the device has no dust accumulation and contact loss, no mechanical abrasion and corresponding maintenance problems, and can be suitable for various severe weathers; the interface standardization is facilitated, and unmanned automatic charging and mobile charging are facilitated; the weight of the vehicle body is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of energy is improved.
The technologies of wireless power transmission can be mainly classified from the following three points: electromagnetic induction type, electromagnetic resonance type, microwave type; the hot spots of the wireless charging current research include loose coupling transformer optimization design, circuit topology and parameter optimization design, control strategy, electromagnetic compatibility, coil space offset and the like. At present, the circuit topology of wireless charging is commonly used with string-string compensation (S-S), string-parallel compensation (S-P), parallel-string compensation (P-S), parallel-parallel compensation (P-P), and proposed composite compensation S-SP, LCL-S, etc. on the basis of the string-parallel compensation (S-S), the serial-parallel compensation (S-P), the parallel-parallel compensation (P-P), and the like. The S-S, S-P, P-S, P-P, S-LCC and LCL-S compensation circuits can realize constant current/constant voltage output under the corresponding resonance compensation condition when the equivalent load is not fixed. The S-S, S-LCC and LCL-S compensation constant voltage output is only related to the input fundamental wave component of the resonant network and the turn ratio of the primary coil and the secondary coil of the loose coupling transformer, the primary equivalent impedance phase angle at the gain intersection point under different equivalent loads is zero, and the method has the advantages that the gain intersection point value is constant and is not influenced by the coupling coefficient of the loose coupling transformer.
The application of the wireless power transmission technology in the charging of the electric automobile considers the problems of the height of a vehicle chassis, transmission efficiency, power, frequency and the like of the electric automobile, and the electromagnetic induction type wireless charging is more suitable for the electric automobile. The control strategies currently adopted for wireless charging of electric vehicles are four types: (1) frequency control, namely, the working frequency of the circuit converter is controlled and changed, so that the circuit realizes constant-current and constant-voltage output under two different frequencies; (2) the compensation topology switching is adopted, the working frequency of a wireless charging circuit converter is fixed, the constant-current constant-voltage output of a circuit is achieved by switching a constant-current topology and a constant-voltage topology, and the constant-current constant-voltage charging of a storage battery is realized; (3) and phase control is carried out, and the transmission of the maximum power and the efficiency is realized by adjusting the conduction angle of a switching tube of the primary side inverter. Because the existing three single control strategies which are usually adopted cannot simultaneously give consideration to the high transmission efficiency and the high-efficiency charging safety of the device, a front-rear two-stage decoupling control strategy is necessary to be designed; and the change of the gap distance of the electromagnetic coupling mechanism containing the magnetic core and the change of the magnetic circuit caused by electromagnetic interference can cause the resonance state of the primary side resonance compensation network to become extremely fragile, the breaking of the resonance state can generate huge reactive loss on the primary side, the capacity of an AC source output by the inverter is increased, and the transmission power and the efficiency of the device are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless charging two-stage control system for an electric automobile, which can realize high-power output voltage and is safe and efficient.
The invention also aims to provide a two-stage control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile, which can ensure the maximum transmission efficiency of electric energy and simultaneously realize safe and efficient charging.
The invention adopts a technical scheme that: a wireless charging two-stage control system of an electric automobile comprises a wireless charging topology circuit unit and a control circuit unit which are connected through a lead;
the wireless charging topology circuit unit comprises a transformer primary side circuit and a loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit, wherein the transformer primary side circuit is connected with a transformer secondary side circuit through the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit;
the control circuit unit comprises a primary side control circuit of the transformer and a secondary side control circuit of the transformer; the primary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the primary side circuit of the transformer through a wire; the secondary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the secondary side circuit of the transformer through a lead.
The invention is characterized in that:
the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformer comprises a primary side compensation capacitor C1And secondary side compensation capacitor C2(ii) a Primary side compensation capacitor C1Connecting the resistor R by a lead3One terminal of (1), resistance R3The other end of the primary side inductor L of the loosely coupled transformer is connected1；
Secondary side compensation capacitor C2One end of the secondary side inductor L is connected with a loose coupling transformer through a lead2One end of, the secondary side of, compensating capacitor C2Another end of the resistor R is connected with a resistor R4One terminal of (1), resistance R4The other end of the secondary side is connected with a secondary side compensation capacitor C3One end, secondary side compensation capacitor C3Secondary inductor L of connection loose coupling transformer2The other end of (a);
primary side inductance L of loosely coupled transformer1Secondary side inductor L of transformer through magnetic coupling and loose coupling2And (4) connecting.
The primary circuit of the transformer comprises a primary rectifying module connected with a power supply, and the primary rectifying module is connected with a filter capacitor C through a leadf1Filter capacitor Cf1The Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit and the inversion module are sequentially connected through a wire, and the inversion module is connected with the input end of the loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit.
The primary rectifying module comprising a diode D1Diode D1Is connected to one end of a power supply, a diode D1Is connected with a diode D3Output terminal of, diode D3Is connected with a diode D4Output terminal of, diode D4Is connected with a diode D2Input terminal of, diode D2Is transported byOutput terminal and diode D1The other end of the power supply is respectively connected with a diode D3And diode D4An output terminal of (a);
the Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit comprises a switch tube S5Switching tube S5Collector and filter capacitor Cf1Is connected with one end of a switching tube S5Is connected with a freewheeling diode D9Output terminal and energy storage inductor LinOne end of (1), energy storage inductor LinThe other end of the filter is connected with a filter capacitor Cf2Filter capacitor Cf2Connecting a freewheeling diode D9Input terminal of, freewheel diode D9Input terminal and filter capacitor Cf1The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected;
the inversion module comprises a switch tube S1Switching tube S1The drain stage is respectively connected with an energy storage inductor LinFilter capacitor Cf2And a switching tube S3Drain of (1), switching tube S1Source level connected switch tube S2Drain of (1), switching tube S2Respectively with a filter capacitor Cf2Switch tube S4Is connected to the source stage of the switching tube S4Drain and switch tube S3A source level connection of;
primary side inductance L of loosely coupled transformer1And a switching tube S3Drain and switch tube S4A source level connection of; primary side compensation capacitor C1Respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain and switch tube S2Is connected to the source.
The primary side control circuit of the transformer comprises a current detection module, the current detection module is sequentially connected with a first positive-negative function converter and a central processing unit through leads, the central processing unit is connected with a second positive-negative function converter and a PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulse generator, the PWM pulse generator is connected with a driving circuit through leads, the second positive-negative function converter is connected with a voltage detection module, and the voltage detection module is connected with an inversion module; the driving circuit is connected with the inversion module, and the current detection module is connected with the input end of the compensation network circuit of the loose coupling transformer through a lead.
The driving circuit is connected with the inversion module;
the current detection module is connected with the primary side inductor L of the loose coupling transformer through a lead1Connecting; current detection module and switch tube S3Source stage and switching tube S4The drain connection of (1);
the voltage detection module is respectively connected with the switch tube S in the inversion module through a lead1Source-level, switch tube S2Leakage stage, switch tube S3Leakage stage, switch tube S4A gate connection of a source stage;
the central processing unit comprises a voltage square wave rising edge detection module (12-1), an exclusive-OR gate processing circuit (12-2) and a central processing unit (12-3), the central processing unit (12-3) is connected with the PWM pulse generator, and the voltage square wave rising edge detection module (12-1) is connected with the first positive-negative function converter.
The secondary circuit of the transformer comprises a secondary rectifying module which is connected with a filter inductor L through a leadfAnd a filter capacitor Cf3Filter inductance LfThe Boost converter and the battery module are sequentially connected through a lead, and the Boost converter is connected with the filter capacitor C through the leadf3And the secondary side rectification module is connected with the output end of the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit.
The secondary side rectifying module comprises a diode D5Diode D5Is connected with a diode D7Output terminal of, diode D7Is connected with a diode D8Output terminal of, diode D8Is connected with a diode D6Input terminal of, diode D6Is connected with a diode D5An input terminal of (1);
the Boost converter comprises an inductor LoutInductance LoutConnecting switch tube S6Collector and freewheeling diode D10Of the input terminal, switching tube S6Emitter and filter capacitor Cf3Connecting; freewheeling diode D10The output end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected withf4Voltage stabilizing capacitor Cf4And a switching tube S6The emitter of (3) is connected;
the battery module includes a battery open circuit voltage UocOpen circuit voltage of batteryUocIs connected with equivalent ohmic internal resistance RoEquivalent ohmic internal resistance RoAnd a freewheeling diode D10The output ends of the two-way valve are connected;
battery open circuit voltage UocThe negative electrode is connected with an electrochemical polarization capacitor C in sequence through a lead4And concentration polarization capacitance C5Concentration polarization capacitance C5And a voltage-stabilizing capacitor Cf4Connecting;
secondary side compensation capacitor C3And diode D5Is connected with a secondary side compensation capacitor C3And diode D7And diode D8The output ends of the two-way valve are connected; secondary side inductor L of loosely coupled transformer2And diode D7And diode D8Is connected with the output end of the power supply.
The secondary side control circuit of the transformer comprises a charging current detection module and a battery charging voltage detection module, wherein the charging current detection module is sequentially connected with a current change calculation module, a current PI controller and a PWM driver through a lead, and the PWM driver is connected with the input end of a Boost converter; the battery charging voltage detection module is connected with a voltage PI controller through a lead, and the voltage PI controller is connected with the current change calculation module;
the output end of the Boost converter is connected with the charging current detection module and the charging voltage detection module;
the current change calculation module is connected with the output end of the Boost converter;
a current control hysteresis comparator is connected between the current PI controller and the PWM driver;
a voltage variation calculating module is connected between the battery charging voltage detecting module and the voltage PI controller;
and a voltage hysteresis comparator is connected between the voltage PI controller and the current change calculation module.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a two-stage control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile comprises a primary side circuit control method of a transformer and a secondary side circuit control method of the transformer;
the control method of the primary side circuit of the transformer comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1: the current acquisition module acquires input current i of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerpThe voltage acquisition module acquires the input voltage u of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerAB；
Step 1.2: will current ipPerforming analog-to-digital conversion by a first positive-negative function converterABPerforming analog-to-digital conversion through a second positive-negative function converter;
step 1.3: the converted current ipAnd voltage uABTransmitting to a central processing unit, and calculating the converted current i by the central processing unitpAnd voltage uABInput phase angle theta of0；
If theta0<0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the current is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is capacitive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be increased, f1＝f0+. DELTA.f, i.e. get f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
if theta0>0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the voltage is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is inductive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be reduced, f1＝f0-. DELTA.f, i.e. obtaining f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
wherein f is1For each adjusted operating frequency value f of loosely coupled compensation network circuit0The frequency value of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is not adjusted, delta f is the adjustment quantity of the frequency, and f is the natural frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit;
step 1.4, the central processing unit outputs a pulse frequency modulation signal according to the calculated input phase angle, and the PWM pulse generator drives a switching tube in the inverter module to theta according to the received pulse frequency modulation signal0The optimal regulation of the primary electric energy output power and the transmission power meter of the transformer is realized when the primary electric energy output power and the transmission power meter are 0, namely the primary electric energy output power and the transmission power meter of the transformer are optimally regulatedThe electric energy of the side circuit is transmitted to the secondary side circuit of the transformer;
the control method of the secondary side circuit of the transformer comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1, the battery charging voltage detection module is used for detecting the output voltage U of the battery modelbatThe voltage PI controller is internally provided with a given current UrefThe voltage PI controller receives the voltage UbatAnd apply a voltage UbatAnd UrefPerforming comparison calculation, if the battery model voltage does not reach the given voltage UrefStarting a current PI controller;
step 2.2, a given current I is arranged in the current PI controllerrefThe charging current detection module detects the current I at the output end of the Boost converterbatThe current change calculation module outputs a current IbatAnd a given current IrefComparing, calculating and sending to a current PI controller to obtain a modulation signal ir，irAnd current PI controller internal carrier signal icThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when i isr>icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a high level 1, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Closing;
when i isr＜icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a low level of 0, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Disconnecting;
step 2.3, when Uoc＝UrefThe voltage of the battery model 7 reaches a given voltage UrefEnding the constant-current charging process and switching to a constant-voltage charging state;
step 2.4, the battery charging voltage detection module detects the output current U of the Boost converterocThe voltage change calculation module outputs current UocWith a given voltage UrefComparing and calculating the voltage and sending the voltage to a voltage PI controller to obtain a modulation signal UrWill modulate signal UrAnd voltage PI controller internal carrier signal UcThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when U is turnedr>UcWhen the PWM driving circuit is used, the voltage PI controller outputs a high level 1 to control a pulse signal with changeable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6The closing process is carried out in a closed mode,
when U is turnedr＜UcWhen the voltage PI controller outputs a pulse signal with low level 0 and variable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6And (5) disconnecting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the wireless charging two-stage control system for the electric automobile, the working frequency of the compensation network of the loose coupling transformer deviates from the inherent frequency under the parameter fluctuation of mutual inductance and self-inductance, the resonance state of an original secondary side is broken, and the working frequency of the compensation network of the loose coupling transformer is the working frequency of an inverter module; therefore, the voltage and current phases output to the loosely coupled transformer compensation network by the inverter module are detected by the transformer primary side control circuit, the phase difference is calculated by the central processing unit, the phase difference is converted into a pulse signal by the central processing unit and is sent to the PWM pulse generator, and the PWM pulse generator drives the working frequency of the inverter module through the driving circuit, so that the working frequency of the inverter module is consistent with the inherent frequency of the loosely coupled transformer compensation network, and the aim of controlling the resonance state is fulfilled. And under the condition that the parameters of the battery model change in the charging process, the duty ratio of the Boost converter is adjusted to enable the output current and the output voltage to be consistent with the given values, and the rated power output of the circuit is kept.
According to the two-stage control method for wireless charging of the electric automobile, disclosed by the invention, the primary side control method of the transformer can detect the output voltage and current phase of the inverter and adjust the working frequency of the inverter under the condition that the primary side resonance state is broken, so that the detuned compensation network is restored to the resonance state. The secondary side control method of the transformer controls the current I of the battery model at the initial charging stage in the charging processbatRealizing constant current charging and controlling the voltage U of the battery model in the later stage of chargingocConstant voltage charging, i.e. by adjusting the duty cycle of the Boost converterThe ratio makes the output current and the output voltage consistent with the given values, and the rated power output of the circuit is maintained. The invention relates to a two-stage control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile.A primary side control method of a transformer detects the phase of voltage and current output by a transformer module and adjusts the working frequency of an inverter under the condition that a primary side resonance state is broken, so that a detuned compensation network is restored to the resonance state; the secondary side control method of the transformer controls the charging current of the battery model in the initial charging stage to realize constant-current charging, and controls the charging voltage of the battery model in the later charging stage to realize constant-voltage charging; the safe and efficient charging of the battery can be guaranteed while the maximum transmission efficiency is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging two-stage control system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless charging two-stage control method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a constant voltage and constant current flow chart of a wireless charging two-stage control method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an S/SP compensation topology T parameter equivalent model of the electric vehicle wireless charging two-stage control system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an S/SP compensation topology equivalent mutual inductance model of the electric vehicle wireless charging two-stage control system.
1. The system comprises a primary side rectifying module, a Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit, a 3 inverter module, a 4 loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit, a 5 secondary side rectifying module, a 6 Boost converter, a 7 battery module, a 8 current detection module, a 9 first positive-negative function converter, a 10 voltage detection module, a 11 second positive-negative function converter, a 12 central processing unit, a 12-1 voltage square wave rising edge detection module, a 12-2 exclusive-OR gate processing circuit, a 12-3 central processing unit, a 13 PWM pulse generator, a 14 driving circuit, a 15 charging current detection module, a 16 current change calculation module, a 17 current PI controller, a 18 current control hysteresis comparator, a 19 PWM driver, a 20 battery charging voltage detection module, a 21 voltage change calculation module, a 22 voltage PI controller, 22. voltage PI controller, 22 voltage hysteresis comparator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a wireless charging two-stage control system of an electric automobile, which comprises a wireless charging topology circuit unit and a control circuit unit which are connected through a lead as shown in figure 1.
The wireless charging topology circuit unit comprises a transformer primary side circuit and a loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit 4 which are buried underground in a non-contact manner, the transformer primary side circuit is connected with a transformer secondary side circuit through the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit 4, and the transformer secondary side circuit is mounted on an electric automobile body.
The control circuit unit comprises a primary side control circuit of the transformer and a secondary side control circuit of the transformer; the primary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the primary side circuit of the transformer through a wire; the secondary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the secondary side circuit of the transformer through a lead.
The primary circuit of the transformer comprises a primary rectifying module 1 connected with a power supply, and the primary rectifying module 1 is connected with a filter capacitor C through a leadf1Filter capacitor Cf1The Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit 2 and the inversion module 3 are sequentially connected through a lead, and the inversion module 3 is connected with the input end of the loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit 4.
The primary rectifier module 1 comprises a diode D1Diode D1Is connected to one end of a power supply, a diode D1Is connected with a diode D3Output terminal of, diode D3Is connected with a diode D4Output terminal of, diode D4Is connected with a diode D2Input terminal of, diode D2Output terminal of and diode D1The other end of the power supply is respectively connected with a diode D3And diode D4An output terminal of (a); i.e. diode D1Diode D4Forming a positive half-cycle loop, diode D2Diode D3Constituting a negative half cycle loop.
Buck inverter busThe line voltage regulating circuit 2 comprises a switch tube S5Switching tube S5Collector and filter capacitor Cf1Is connected with one end of a switching tube S5Is connected with a freewheeling diode D9Output terminal and energy storage inductor LinOne end of (1), energy storage inductor LinThe other end of the filter is connected with a filter capacitor Cf2Filter capacitor Cf2Connecting a freewheeling diode D9Input terminal of, freewheel diode D9Input terminal and filter capacitor Cf1The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
The inversion module 3 comprises a switch tube S1Switching tube S1The drain stage is respectively connected with an energy storage inductor LinFilter capacitor Cf2And a switching tube S3Drain of (1), switching tube S1Source level connected switch tube S2Drain of (1), switching tube S2Respectively with a filter capacitor Cf2Switch tube S4Is connected to the source stage of the switching tube S4Drain and switch tube S3A source level connection of; in particular a switching tube S1Switch tube S4Form a positive half-cycle loop, a switch tube S2Switch tube S3Constituting a negative half cycle loop.
S1、S2、S3、S4MOS switch tubes are respectively selected.
Switch tube S5An IGBT switch tube is selected.
The secondary circuit of the transformer comprises a secondary rectifying module 5, and the secondary rectifying module 5 is connected with a filter inductor L through a leadfAnd a filter capacitor Cf3Filter inductance LfThe Boost converter 6 and the battery module 7 are sequentially connected through a lead, and the Boost converter 6 is connected with the filter capacitor C through a leadf3And the secondary side rectification module 5 is connected with the output end of the loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit 4.
The secondary side rectifying module 5 includes a diode D5Diode D5Is connected with a diode D7Output terminal of, diode D7Is connected with a diode D8Output terminal of, diode D8Is connected with a diode D6Input terminal of, diodePipe D6Is connected with a diode D5An input terminal of (1); in particular diode D5Diode D8Forming a positive half-cycle loop, diode D6Diode D7Constituting a negative half cycle loop.
The Boost converter 6 comprises an inductor LoutInductance LoutConnecting switch tube S6Collector and freewheeling diode D10Of the input terminal, switching tube S6Emitter and filter capacitor Cf3Connecting; freewheeling diode D10The output end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected withf4Voltage stabilizing capacitor Cf4And a switching tube S6The emitter of (3) is connected;
the Boost converter 6 can realize constant output of the circuit; when the load is disturbed, the duty ratio of the Boost converter 6 is adjusted to realize stable voltage and current output; when the coupling coefficient of the compensation network circuit 4 of the loosely coupled transformer changes, the switching tube S is adjusted6The duty ratio of the voltage boosting circuit realizes the function of boosting, so that the circuit stable output is realized, namely the Boost converter 6 can realize the stable output of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile.
The battery module 7 includes a battery open circuit voltage UocOpen circuit voltage U of batteryocIs connected with equivalent ohmic internal resistance RoEquivalent ohmic internal resistance RoAnd a freewheeling diode D10The output ends of the two-way valve are connected;
battery open circuit voltage UocThe negative electrode is connected with an electrochemical polarization capacitor C in sequence through a lead4And concentration polarization capacitance C5Concentration polarization capacitance C5And a voltage-stabilizing capacitor Cf4Connecting;
electrochemical polarization capacitance C4Connected in parallel with an electrochemical polarization resistor R1Concentration polarization capacitance C5Parallel concentration polarization resistance R2. The battery module is high in reliability, stability and accuracy, can accurately reflect the polarization phenomenon of the battery, and can give consideration to the steady-state characteristic and the transient characteristic of the lithium battery.
The compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformer comprises a primary side compensation capacitor C1And secondary side compensation capacitor C2(ii) a Primary side compensationCapacitor C1Connecting the resistor R by a lead3One terminal of (1), resistance R3The other end of the primary side inductor L of the loosely coupled transformer is connected1；
Secondary side compensation capacitor C2One end of the secondary side inductor L is connected with a loose coupling transformer through a lead2One end of, the secondary side of, compensating capacitor C2Another end of the resistor R is connected with a resistor R4One terminal of (1), resistance R4The other end of the secondary side is connected with a secondary side compensation capacitor C3One end, secondary side compensation capacitor C3Secondary inductor L of connection loose coupling transformer2The other end of (a);
primary side inductance L of loosely coupled transformer1Secondary side inductor L of transformer through magnetic coupling and loose coupling2The connection is that the primary circuit of the transformer transfers energy to the secondary circuit of the transformer through magnetic coupling;
primary side inductance L of loosely coupled transformer1And a switching tube S3Drain and switch tube S4A source level connection of;
primary side compensation capacitor C1Respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain and switch tube S2A source level connection of;
secondary side compensation capacitor C3And diode D5Is connected with a secondary side compensation capacitor C3And diode D7And diode D8The output ends of the two-way valve are connected; secondary side inductor L of loosely coupled transformer2And diode D7And diode D8The output ends of the two-way valve are connected;
primary side compensation capacitor C1Primary side inductance L of loosely coupled transformer1Is connected with a resistor R3；
Secondary side compensation capacitor C2And secondary side compensation capacitor C3Is connected with a resistor R4。
The primary side rectifying module 1 and the secondary side rectifying module 5 are used for converting alternating current into direct current, and the inverting module 3 is used for converting the direct current into high-frequency alternating current; primary side compensation capacitor C1Secondary side compensating capacitor C2Secondary side compensating capacitor C3Is to compensate for the loosenessThe leakage inductance of the coupling transformer compensation network circuit realizes the maximum output efficiency and transmission efficiency; filter capacitor Cf1、Cf2、Cf3In order to filter out harmonics contained in the circuit, a high quality stable output is achieved.
The primary side control circuit of the transformer comprises a current detection module 8, the current detection module 8 is sequentially connected with a first positive-negative function converter 9 and a central processing unit 12 through a lead, the central processing unit 12 is connected with a second positive-negative function converter 11 and a PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulse generator 13, the PWM pulse generator 13 is connected with a driving circuit 14 through a lead, the second positive-negative function converter 11 is connected with a voltage detection module 10, and the voltage detection module 10 is connected with an inversion module 3; the driving circuit 14 is connected with the inversion module 3, and the current detection module 8 is connected with the input end of the loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit 4 through a lead;
the current detection module 8 is used for detecting the output current i of the inversion module 3pI.e. the input current i of the compensation network circuit 4 of the loosely coupled transformerp；
The voltage detection module 8 is used for detecting the output voltage u of the inversion module 3AB；
Drive circuit 14 and switching tube S in inverter module 31、S2、S3、S4I.e. the driver circuit 14 is able to drive the switching tube S in the inverter module 31、S2、S3、S4On or off;
the current detection module 8 is connected with the primary side inductor L of the loose coupling transformer through a lead1Connecting; current detection module 8 and switch tube S3Source stage and switching tube S4The drain connection of (1); namely, the current detection module 8 is used for detecting the output current i in the primary side control circuit of the transformerp；
The voltage detection module 10 is respectively connected with the switch tube S in the inversion module 3 through a lead1Source-level, switch tube S2Leakage stage, switch tube S3Leakage stage, switch tube S4A gate connection of a source stage; that is, the voltage detection module 10 is used for detecting the input voltage U of the inverter module in the primary side circuit of the transformerAB；
The central processing unit 12 comprises a voltage square wave rising edge detection module 12-1, an exclusive-or gate processing circuit 12-2 and a central processing unit 12-3, the central processing unit 12-3 is connected with a PWM pulse generator 13, and the voltage square wave rising edge detection module 12-1 is connected with the first positive-negative function converter 9.
The first positive-negative function converter 9 couples the current i at the input of the inverter module 3pPerforming analog-to-digital conversion on the information; second positive-negative function converter 11 for the input voltage u of the inverter module 3ABPerforming analog-to-digital conversion on the information; after the converted information is processed by the central processing unit 12, the first positive-negative function converter 9 and the second positive-negative function converter 11 control the PWM pulse generator 13 to make the pulse signal reach the switching tube S in the driving inversion module 3 through the PWM driving circuit 141、S2、S3、S4And (4) requiring.
The secondary side control circuit of the transformer comprises a charging current detection module 15 and a battery charging voltage detection module 20, wherein the charging current detection module 15 is sequentially connected with a current change calculation module 16, a current PI controller 17 and a PWM driver 19 through a lead, and the PWM driver 19 is connected with the input end of the Boost converter 6; the battery charging voltage detection module 20 is connected with a voltage PI controller 22 through a lead, and the voltage PI controller 22 is connected with the current change calculation module 16;
the output end of the Boost converter 6 is connected with the charging current detection module 15 and the charging voltage detection module 20;
a given current I is set in the current PI controller 17refThe current change calculation module 16 is connected to the output end of the Boost converter 6, i.e. the output current IoCurrent change calculation module 16 compares the output current IoAnd a given current IrefAnd performing comparison calculation.
A current control hysteresis comparator 18 is connected between the current PI controller 17 and the PWM driver 19; a certain return difference coefficient is set in the current control hysteresis comparator 18, so that the jitter of the output square wave pulse can be prevented; the output of the current control hysteresis comparator 18 is converted into a driving signal to drive a switching tube S in the Boost converter 6 through a PWM driver 196A pulse signal of the switch.
A voltage variation calculation module 21 is connected between the battery charging voltage detection module 20 and the voltage PI controller 22;
a voltage hysteresis comparator 23 is connected between the voltage PI controller 22 and the current change calculation module 16; a certain return difference coefficient is set in the voltage hysteresis comparator 23, so that the output square wave can be prevented from shaking;
the voltage PI controller 22 is internally provided with a given voltage UrefVoltage variation calculating module 21 and Boost output voltage UocThe voltage variation calculating module 21 outputs a voltage U to the BoostocAnd a given voltage UrefAnd performing comparison calculation.
Switch tube S6Is connected to the PWM driver 19.
The invention relates to a working process of a wireless charging two-stage control system of an electric automobile, which comprises the following steps:
the adjustment process of the resonance state comprises the following steps:
as shown in FIG. 2, according to the relationship between the primary resonance state of the inductive wireless power transmission technology and the input phase angle of the resonance network, the current detection module collects 8 the current i transmitted by the primary circuit of the transformer to the compensation network circuit 4 of the loosely coupled transformerpFirst positive-negative function converter 9 for current ipPerforming analog-to-digital conversion; the voltage detection module 10 collects the voltage u transmitted by the primary side of the transformer to the compensation network circuit 4 of the loosely coupled transformerABI.e. switching tube S in inverter module 31Source stage and switching tube S2Between the drain circuits, a terminal A and a switch tube S are arranged3Source stage and switching tube S4A terminal B is arranged between the circuits of the drain stage, and the voltage acquisition module 10 acquires the input voltage u of the emitter stageAB(ii) a Second positive-negative function converter 11 for voltage uABPerforming analog-to-digital conversion on the information; then, the CPU 12 processes the signals, when the rising edge detection module 12-1 detects the rising edge of the voltage square wave signal, the XOR gate processing circuit 12-2 is started to calculate the current ipAnd voltage uABAnd outputs the digital signal, the digital signal calculates the direction and the cycle number of the frequency control through the central processing chip 12-3, and outputsThe PWM pulse generator 13 controls the pulse square wave through the PWM driving circuit 14 to drive the switching tube S in the inversion module 3 of the primary circuit of the transformer1～S4Switching on and off, thereby adjusting the working frequency of the compensation network circuit 4 of the loosely coupled transformer to be consistent with the natural frequency thereof and keeping the input voltage u of the primary circuit of the transformerABAnd an input current ipThe phase difference is zero, and the optimal adjustment of the output power and the transmission efficiency is realized.
And (3) constant-current constant-voltage charging process:
the charging current detection module 15 is used for detecting the current I at the output end of the Boost converter 6batThe current PI controller 17 is internally provided with a given current IrefThe current PI controller 17 receives the current IbatAnd applying a current IbatAnd IrefCarrying out comparison calculation; the current PI controller 17 converts the deviation signal of the current into a pulse control signal, and then drives the PWM driver 19 through the pulse control signal for driving the switching tube S in the Boost converter 66The pulse signal of (3);
the battery charging voltage detection module 20 is used for detecting the output voltage U of the battery model 7batThe voltage PI controller 22 is internally provided with a given current UrefThe voltage PI controller 22 receives the voltage UbatAnd apply a voltage UbatAnd UrefCarrying out comparison calculation; the voltage PI controller 22 converts the deviation signal of the current into a pulse control signal, and then drives the PWM driver 19 through the pulse control signal for driving the switching tube S in the Boost converter 66The pulse signal of (2).
As shown in fig. 3, the output voltage U of the Boost converter 6 is first convertedbatAnd a given voltage U of the battery model 7refPerforming comparison calculation to set a given voltage UrefIs 1.2 times of rated voltage, namely the charging voltage is set to be 115V, if the battery model voltage does not reach the given voltage UrefA starting current PI controller 17, a given current I is built in the current PI controller 17refWhen the battery model 7 enters a constant-current charging state, the charging current detection module 15 detects the output current I of the Boost converter 6batThe current change calculation module 16 outputsCurrent IbatAnd a given current IrefComparing and calculating the signal and sending the signal to a current PI controller 17 to obtain a modulation signal ir，irAnd current PI controller 17 internal carrier signal icMaking a comparison when ir>icDuring the operation, the current PI controller 17 outputs a pulse signal with a high level 1 to drive the PWM driver 19 to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio for driving the switching tube S of the Boost converter 66Closing; otherwise, a pulse signal with a low level of 0 is output to drive the PWM driver 19 to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio for driving the switching tube S of the Boost converter 66Disconnecting to ensure constant current quick charging of the battery model;
at the moment, the voltage of the battery model 7 continuously rises, and when U is detectedoc＝UrefThen the voltage of the battery model 7 reaches the given voltage UrefEnding the constant-current charging process and switching to a constant-voltage charging state;
output current U from battery charging voltage detection module 20 to Boost converter 6ocThe voltage variation calculating module 21 outputs the current UocWith a given voltage UrefComparing and calculating the voltage and sending the voltage to a voltage PI controller 22 to obtain a modulation signal UrWill U isrAnd voltage PI controller internal carrier signal UcComparing when U isr>UcDuring the operation, the voltage PI controller 22 outputs a high level 1 to control the PWM driver 19 to output a pulse signal with a variable duty ratio for driving the switching tube S of the Boost converter 66When the power supply is closed, otherwise, a pulse signal with low level 0 is output, the duty ratio of the PWM driver 19 is controlled to be variable, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter 66Disconnecting; if the control pulse has a slope distortion, it needs to be processed by the voltage hysteresis comparator 23. In conclusion, the constant voltage charging of the battery model is ensured, the charging current of the battery model 7 is continuously smaller until the battery model reaches the full capacity state, and the constant voltage charging process is ended.
According to the requirements of the actual charging current and the actual charging voltage of the electric automobile, the loose coupling transformer is utilized to compensate the output current and the output voltage of the network circuit, and the input voltage U of the Boost converter 6batInductor current IbatCalculating control functions in a current control function module 17 and a voltage control function module 20;
the specific calculation formula is as follows:
the open loop transfer function of the current control function block 17, i.e. the current inner loop, is calculated:
Figure GDA0003266239590000181
summary of formulas Gpi(s) is the transfer function of the controller, Gm(s) is the transfer function of the PWM pulse width modulator, Gvd(s) is the duty cycle d(s) of the Boost converter to the output Uo(s), H(s) represents the transfer function of the feedback network, Gid(s) a transfer function between duty cycle to input current. Wherein
Figure GDA0003266239590000182
VmIs the amplitude, V, of a triangular carrier in a PWM modulatorm＝1，UinIs the input voltage.
Voltage control function module 20, voltage outer loop transfer function:
Gic(s) is the equivalent current closed loop transfer function;
Figure GDA0003266239590000183
the open loop transfer function of the voltage outer loop is then:
Guo(s)＝Gpi(s)Gic(s)Gvd(s) (3)
the closed loop transfer function of the equivalent rear control system is as follows:
Figure GDA0003266239590000184
the invention adopts another technical scheme that the two-stage control method for the wireless charging of the electric automobile comprises the following steps:
the control method of the primary side circuit of the transformer comprises the following specific steps:
as shown in fig. 2, step 1.1: the current acquisition module acquires input current i of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerpThe voltage acquisition module acquires the input voltage u of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerAB；
Step 1.2: will current ipPerforming analog-to-digital conversion by a first positive-negative function converterABPerforming analog-to-digital conversion through a second positive-negative function converter;
step 1.3: the converted current ipAnd voltage uABTransmitting to a central processing unit, and calculating the converted current i by the central processing unitpAnd voltage uABInput phase angle theta of0；
If theta0<0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the current is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is capacitive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be increased, f1＝f0+. DELTA.f, i.e. get f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
if theta0>0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the voltage is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is inductive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be reduced, f1＝f0-. DELTA.f, i.e. obtaining f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
wherein f is1For each adjusted operating frequency value f of loosely coupled compensation network circuit0The frequency value of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is not adjusted, delta f is the adjustment quantity of the frequency, and f is the natural frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit;
step 1.4, the central processing unit outputs a pulse frequency modulation signal according to the calculated input phase angle, and the PWM pulse generator drives a switching tube in the inverter module to theta according to the received pulse frequency modulation signal00, realizing the primary electric energy output power of the transformerOptimally adjusting the transmission power meter, namely transmitting the electric energy of the primary side circuit of the transformer to the secondary side circuit of the transformer;
wherein the step 1.3 comprises the following specific steps:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, step 1.3.1 is to use the input voltage and the input current of the transmitter stage of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformer, i.e. the output current I of the inverter module, according to the S/SP resonant networkPAnd the input voltage U of the compensation networkABInput phase angle θ0At resonant angular frequency ω0When the input impedance is zero, the input impedance is pure resistance, so that reactive loss is reduced, and output power and transmission efficiency are improved;
as shown in FIG. 4, the S/SP compensation topology voltage gain G is calculated according to the S/SP compensation topology T parameter equivalent modelv(ω)：
Figure GDA0003266239590000201
In the formula:
Figure GDA0003266239590000202
in the formula, uosIs the output voltage of the secondary side circuit of the transformer, n is the turns ratio of the primary and secondary side coils of the transformer, LMIs the excitation inductance of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformer, omega is the working frequency of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformer, Z1Is a primary side circuit leakage inductance and primary side compensation capacitor C of the transformer1Total impedance, Z2Leakage inductance and secondary compensation capacitor C of secondary circuit of transformer2Total impedance, Z3Excitation inductance and secondary side compensation capacitance C of loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit3Total impedance of L1σIs the leakage inductance, L, of the primary side circuit of the transformer2σLeakage inductance of a secondary side circuit of the transformer;
as shown in FIG. 5, the input phase angle θ is obtained from the loosely coupled transformer compensation network topology, i.e., the S/SP compensation topology0The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003266239590000203
wherein, the S/SP compensation topology equivalent mutual inductance model calculates S/SP compensation topology input impedance ZinThe following can be obtained:
Figure GDA0003266239590000204
Re(Zin)＝ω6M2C1 2C2 2Re/F (9)
Im(Zin)＝G/F (10)
F＝ω4C1 2C2 2Re 2-2ω6L2C1 2C2 2C3Re 2+2ω4C1 2C2C3Re 2+ω8L2 2C1 2C2 2C3 2Re 2-2ω6L2C1 2C2C3 2Re 2+ω4C1 2C3 2Re 2+ω6L2 2C1 2C2 2+ω2C1 2-2ω4L2C1 2C2
G＝ω7M2C1 2C2 2C3Re 2+ω7M2C1 2C2C3 2Re 2-ω9M2L2C1 2C2 2C3 2Re 2-ω3C1C2 2Re 2-2ω3C1C2C3Re 2+2ω5L2C1C2 2C3Re 2-ω3C1C3 2Re 2+2ω5L2C1C2C3 2Re 2-ω7L2 2C1C2 2C3 2Re 2+2ω5L1C1 2C2C3Re 2-2ω7L1L2C1 2C2 2C3Re 2+ω5L1C1 2C3 2Re 2-2ω7L1L2C1 2C2C3 2Re 2+ω5M2C1 2C2-ω5L1L2C1 2C2+ω3L1C1 2-ω5L1L2C1 2C2-ωC1-ω7M2L2C1 2C2 2-ω5L2C1C2 2+ω7L1L2 2C1 2C2 2+2ω3L2C1C2+ω5L1C1 2C2 2Re 2+ω9L1L2 2C1 2C2 2C3 2Re 2
in the formula, ZinFor input impedance, Re [ Z ]in]Is an input impedance ZinThe real part of (a) is,Im[Zin]is an input impedance Zinω is the operating frequency of the loosely coupled transformer compensation network, M, j is a parameter, C1Compensating the capacitance for the primary side, C2Compensating the capacitance for the secondary side, C3Compensating the capacitance for the secondary side, L1Is a primary inductance of a loosely coupled transformer, L2Secondary inductance of the loosely coupled transformer;
step 1.3.2, as shown in fig. 5, obtaining a voltage loop equation according to kirchhoff's voltage law:
Figure GDA0003266239590000211
(4) in the formula:
Z1＝jωL1+1/(jωC1)+R1,Z2＝jωL2+1/(jωC2)+R2+Re/(1+jωC3Re)
the current i can be obtained from the formula (4)pCurrent isCurrent i1And current ioExpression:
Figure GDA0003266239590000212
obtaining S/SP compensation topology output power P according to formula (5)outInput power Pin：
Figure GDA0003266239590000213
Figure GDA0003266239590000221
Obtaining S/SP compensation topology transmission efficiency eta according to the formula (6) and the formula (7):
Figure GDA0003266239590000222
in the formula:
L1＝Ll1+LM，L2＝Ll2+LM，E＝(1+jωC3Re)
D1＝jωL1+1/(jωC1)+R1，D2＝jωL2+1/(jωC2)+R2
step 1.3.3, according to the resonance condition, the following can be known:
ωLl1＝1/(ωC1)，ωLl2＝1/(ωC2) (16)
Figure GDA0003266239590000223
wherein f is the natural frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit, and only f0When f, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state.
In the whole working process, phase information of voltage and current is collected every 50us until an input phase angle is near zero, the input frequency of an inversion module in a primary circuit of the transformer is kept, so that the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer is in a complete resonance state, and the maximum power input of the resonance network of the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, the method for controlling the secondary side circuit of the transformer includes the following steps:
step 2.1, the battery charging voltage detection module is used for detecting the output voltage U of the battery modelbatThe voltage PI controller is internally provided with a given current UrefThe voltage PI controller receives the voltage UbatAnd apply a voltage UbatAnd UrefPerforming comparison calculation, if the battery model voltage does not reach the given voltage UrefStarting a current PI controller;
step 2.2, a given current I is arranged in the current PI controllerrefThe charging current detection module detects the current I at the output end of the Boost converterbatThe current change calculation module outputs a current IbatAnd a given current IrefComparing, calculating and sending to a current PI controller to obtain a modulation signal ir，irAnd current PI controller internal carrier signal icThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when i isr>icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a high level 1, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Closing;
when i isr＜icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a low level of 0, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Disconnecting;
step 2.3, when Uoc＝UrefThe voltage of the battery model 7 reaches a given voltage UrefEnding the constant-current charging process and switching to a constant-voltage charging state;
step 2.4, the battery charging voltage detection module detects the output current U of the Boost converterocThe voltage change calculation module outputs current UocWith a given voltage UrefComparing and calculating the voltage and sending the voltage to a voltage PI controller to obtain a modulation signal UrWill modulate signal UrAnd voltage PI controller internal carrier signal UcThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when U is turnedr>UcWhen the PWM driving circuit is used, the voltage PI controller outputs a high level 1 to control a pulse signal with changeable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6The closing process is carried out in a closed mode,
when U is turnedr＜UcWhen the voltage PI controller outputs a pulse signal with low level 0 and variable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6And (5) disconnecting.
According to the two-stage control system and the control method for wireless charging of the electric automobile, disclosed by the invention, under the parameter fluctuation of mutual inductance and self-inductance of the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer, the working frequency of the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer can deviate from the inherent frequency of the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer, the resonance state of the original secondary side is broken, and the loosely coupled transformer supplementsThe working frequency of the compensation network is the working frequency of the inversion module; therefore, the voltage and current phases output to the loosely coupled transformer compensation network by the inverter module are detected by the transformer primary side control circuit, the phase difference is calculated by the central processing unit, the phase difference is converted into a pulse signal by the central processing unit and is sent to the PWM pulse generator, and the PWM pulse generator adjusts the working frequency of the inverter module through the driving circuit, so that the working frequency of the inverter module is consistent with the inherent frequency of the loosely coupled transformer compensation network, and the aim of controlling the resonance state is fulfilled. The phase of the output voltage and the current of the inverter can be detected under the condition that the primary side resonance state is broken, the working frequency of the inverter is adjusted, and the detuned compensation network is restored to the resonance state. During the charging process, the current I of the battery model is controlled at the initial stage of chargingbatRealizing constant current charging and controlling the voltage U of the battery model in the later stage of chargingocAnd constant voltage charging is realized, namely output current and output voltage are consistent with a given value by adjusting the duty ratio of a Boost converter, and the rated power output of the circuit is kept. The two-stage control system and the control method for the wireless charging of the electric automobile can guarantee the maximum transmission efficiency and simultaneously give consideration to the safe and efficient charging of the battery, and have good practical value in the field of the wireless charging of the electric automobile.

Claims (2)

1. A wireless charging two-stage control system of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising a wireless charging topology circuit unit and a control circuit unit which are connected through a lead;
the wireless charging topology circuit unit comprises a primary side circuit of a transformer and a loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit (4), wherein the primary side circuit of the transformer is connected with a secondary side circuit of the transformer through the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit (4);
the control circuit unit comprises a primary side control circuit of the transformer and a secondary side control circuit of the transformer; the primary side control circuit of the transformer is connected with the primary side circuit of the transformer through a wire; the transformer secondary side control circuit is connected with the transformer secondary side circuit through a lead;
the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit (4) comprises a primary side compensation capacitor C1And secondary side compensation capacitor C2(ii) a The primary side compensation capacitor C1Connecting the resistor R by a lead3One end of said resistor R3The other end of the primary side inductor L of the loosely coupled transformer is connected1；
The secondary side compensation capacitor C2One end of the secondary side inductor L is connected with a loose coupling transformer through a lead2The secondary side compensating capacitor C2Another end of the resistor R is connected with a resistor R4One end of said resistor R4The other end of the secondary side is connected with a secondary side compensation capacitor C3One end, the secondary side compensating capacitor C3Connecting the secondary inductor L of the loosely coupled transformer2The other end of (a);
the primary side inductance L of the loose coupling transformer1Secondary side inductor L of transformer through magnetic coupling and loose coupling2Connecting;
the primary side circuit of the transformer comprises a primary side rectifying module (1) connected with a power supply, and the primary side rectifying module (1) is connected with a filter capacitor C through a leadf1Said filter capacitor Cf1The Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit (2) and the inversion module (3) are sequentially connected through a lead, and the inversion module (3) is connected with the input end of the loose coupling transformer compensation network circuit (4);
the primary side rectification module (1) comprises a diode D1Said diode D1Is connected to one end of the power supply, the diode D1Is connected with a diode D3Of the diode D3Is connected with a diode D4Of the diode D4Is connected with a diode D2Input terminal of, two said polar tube D2Output terminal of and diode D1The other end of the power supply is respectively connected with the diode D3And said diode D4An output terminal of (a);
the Buck inverter bus voltage regulating circuit (2) comprises a switch tube S5Said switch tube S5Collector electrode of and said filterCapacitor Cf1Is connected with one end of the switch tube S5Is connected with a freewheeling diode D9Output terminal and energy storage inductor LinThe one end of the energy storage inductor LinThe other end of the filter is connected with a filter capacitor Cf2Said filter capacitor Cf2Connecting a freewheeling diode D9Said freewheeling diode D, said freewheeling diode9And the filter capacitor Cf1The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected;
the inversion module (3) comprises a switch tube S1Said switch tube S1The drain stage is respectively connected with an energy storage inductor LinFilter capacitor Cf2And a switching tube S3Said switching tube S1Source level connected switch tube S2Said switching tube S2Respectively with a filter capacitor Cf2Switch tube S4The source of the switching tube S4Drain and switch tube S3A source level connection of;
the primary side inductance L of the loose coupling transformer1And the switching tube S3And said switching tube S4A source level connection of; the primary side compensation capacitor C1Respectively connected with the switch tube S1And said switching tube S2A source level connection of;
the transformer primary side control circuit comprises a current detection module (8), the current detection module (8) is sequentially connected with a first positive and negative function converter (9) and a central processing unit (12) through a lead, the central processing unit (12) is connected with a second positive and negative function converter (11) and a PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulse generator (13), the PWM pulse generator (13) is connected with a driving circuit (14) through a lead, the second positive and negative function converter (11) is connected with a voltage detection module (10), and the voltage detection module (10) is connected with an inversion module (3); the driving circuit (14) is connected with the inverter module (3), and the current detection module (8) is connected with the input end of the loosely-coupled transformer compensation network circuit (4) through a lead;
the secondary side circuit of the transformer comprises a secondary side rectifying module (5), wherein the secondary side rectifying module (5) is connected with a filter inductor through a leadLfAnd a filter capacitor Cf3Said filter inductance LfThe battery module is characterized in that a Boost converter (6) and a battery module (7) are sequentially connected through a lead, and the Boost converter (6) is connected with a filter capacitor C through a leadf3The secondary side rectifying module (5) is connected with the output end of the loosely coupled transformer compensation network circuit (4);
the secondary side rectifying module (5) comprises a diode D5Said diode D5Is connected with a diode D7Of the diode D7Is connected with a diode D8Of the diode D8Is connected with a diode D6Of said diode D6Is connected to the diode D5An input terminal of (1);
the Boost converter (6) comprises an inductor LoutSaid inductance LoutConnecting switch tube S6Collector and freewheeling diode D10Of the switching tube S6Emitter and filter capacitor Cf3Connecting; the freewheeling diode D10The output end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected withf4Said voltage-stabilizing capacitor Cf4And a switching tube S6The emitter of (3) is connected;
the battery module (7) comprises a battery open circuit voltage UocSaid battery open circuit voltage UocIs connected with equivalent ohmic internal resistance RoThe equivalent ohmic internal resistance RoAnd a freewheeling diode D10The output ends of the two-way valve are connected;
the battery open circuit voltage UocThe negative electrode is connected with an electrochemical polarization capacitor C in sequence through a lead4And concentration polarization capacitance C5Said concentration polarization capacitance C5And the voltage-stabilizing capacitor Cf4Connecting;
the secondary side compensation capacitor C3And the diode D5Is connected to the input terminal of the secondary side compensation capacitor C3And the diode D7And said diode D8The output ends of the two-way valve are connected; the secondary inductor L of the loose coupling transformer2And the diode D7And said diode D8The output ends of the two-way valve are connected;
the secondary side control circuit of the transformer comprises a charging current detection module (15) and a battery charging voltage detection module (20), wherein the charging current detection module (15) is sequentially connected with a current change calculation module (16), a current PI controller (17) and a PWM driver (19) through a lead, and the PWM driver (19) is connected with the input end of the Boost converter (6); the battery charging voltage detection module (20) is connected with a voltage PI controller (22) through a lead, and the voltage PI controller (22) is connected with the current change calculation module (16);
the output end of the Boost converter (6) is connected with the charging current detection module (15) and the charging voltage detection module (20);
the current change calculation module (16) is connected with the output end of the Boost converter (6);
a current control hysteresis comparator (18) is connected between the current PI controller (17) and the PWM driver (19);
a voltage variation calculation module (21) is connected between the battery charging voltage detection module (20) and the voltage PI controller (22);
a voltage hysteresis comparator (23) is connected between the voltage PI controller (22) and the current change calculation module (16);
the driving circuit (14) is connected with the inverter module (3);
the current detection module (8) is connected with the primary side inductor L of the loose coupling transformer through a lead1Connecting; current detection module (8) and switch tube S3Source stage and switching tube S4The drain connection of (1);
the voltage detection module (10) is respectively connected with the switch tube S in the inversion module (3) through a lead1Source-level, switch tube S2Leakage stage, switch tube S3Leakage stage, switch tube S4A gate connection of a source stage;
the central processing unit (12) comprises a voltage square wave rising edge detection module (12-1), an exclusive-OR gate processing circuit (12-2) and a central processing unit (12-3), the central processing unit (12-3) is connected with a PWM pulse generator (13), and the voltage square wave rising edge detection module (12-1) is connected with a first positive-negative function converter (9).
2. A two-stage control method for wireless charging of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising a primary side circuit control method of a transformer and a secondary side control method of the transformer;
the control method of the primary side circuit of the transformer comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1: the current acquisition module acquires input current i of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerpThe voltage acquisition module acquires the input voltage u of the compensation network circuit of the loosely coupled transformerAB；
Step 1.2: will current ipPerforming analog-to-digital conversion by a first positive-negative function converterABPerforming analog-to-digital conversion through a second positive-negative function converter;
step 1.3: the converted current ipAnd voltage uABTransmitting to a central processing unit, and calculating the converted current i by the central processing unitpAnd voltage uABInput phase angle theta of0；
If theta0<0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the current is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is capacitive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be increased, f1＝f0+. DELTA.f, i.e. get f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
if theta0>0, according to the resonance condition, the phase of the voltage is advanced, the voltage phase of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is inductive, the working frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit should be reduced, f1＝f0-. DELTA.f, i.e. obtaining f1F, the compensation network of the loosely coupled transformer works in a resonance state;
wherein f is1For each adjusted operating frequency value f of loosely coupled compensation network circuit0The frequency value of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit is not adjusted, delta f is the adjustment quantity of the frequency, and f is the natural frequency of the loosely coupled compensation network circuit;
step 1.4, the central processing unit outputs a pulse frequency modulation signal according to the calculated input phase angle, and the PWM pulse generator drives a switching tube in the inverter module to theta according to the received pulse frequency modulation signal0When the output power of the primary side electric energy of the transformer is 0, the optimal regulation of the output power and the transmission power meter of the primary side electric energy of the transformer is realized, namely, the electric energy of the primary side circuit of the transformer is transmitted to the secondary side circuit of the transformer;
the control method of the secondary side circuit of the transformer comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1, the battery charging voltage detection module is used for detecting the output voltage U of the battery modelbatThe voltage PI controller is internally provided with a given current UrefThe voltage PI controller receives the voltage UbatAnd apply a voltage UbatAnd UrefPerforming comparison calculation, if the battery model voltage does not reach the given voltage UrefStarting a current PI controller;
step 2.2, a given current I is arranged in the current PI controllerrefThe charging current detection module detects the current I at the output end of the Boost converterbatThe current change calculation module outputs current IbatAnd a given current IrefComparing, calculating and sending to a current PI controller to obtain a modulation signal ir，irAnd current PI controller internal carrier signal icThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when i isr>icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a high level 1, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Closing;
when i isr＜icWhen the current PI controller outputs a pulse signal with a low level of 0, the PWM driver is driven to output a control pulse with a variable duty ratio, and the control pulse is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6Disconnecting;
step 2.3, when Uoc＝UrefThe voltage of the battery model 7 reaches a given voltage UrefEnding the constant-current charging process and switching to a constant-voltage charging state;
step 2.4, charging the batteryThe electric voltage detection module detects the output current U of the Boost converterocThe voltage change calculation module outputs current UocWith a given voltage UrefComparing and calculating the voltage and sending the voltage to a voltage PI controller to obtain a modulation signal UrWill modulate signal UrAnd voltage PI controller internal carrier signal UcThe comparison is carried out in such a way that,
when U is turnedr>UcWhen the PWM driving circuit is used, the voltage PI controller outputs a high level 1 to control a pulse signal with changeable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6The closing process is carried out in a closed mode,
when U is turnedr＜UcWhen the voltage PI controller outputs a pulse signal with low level 0 and variable duty ratio of the PWM driver, and the pulse signal is used for driving a switching tube S of the Boost converter6And (5) disconnecting.
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