CN109894615A - Pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process - Google Patents
Pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109894615A CN109894615A CN201910317825.9A CN201910317825A CN109894615A CN 109894615 A CN109894615 A CN 109894615A CN 201910317825 A CN201910317825 A CN 201910317825A CN 109894615 A CN109894615 A CN 109894615A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape processes, belong to powder metallurgical technology, solve the problems, such as that the production technology power consumption height, process flow very complicated, production efficiency of prior powder metallurgy components are low.It include mainly pushing to metal powder in mold, and formed by stamping to the metal powder；The inner wall that mold contacts metal powder has insulation performance；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, which synchronizes in metal powder forming process and carries out pulsed discharge to it.The present invention significantly simplification of flowsheet, the application of Yi Shixian heavy industrialization, have that the advantages of near-net-shape, product quality be high, porosity adjusts easy to control, the present invention is practical, is of great significance in powder metallurgy industry manufacturing field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technologies, specifically, more particularly to one kind be effectively reduced energy consumption, simplify technique
Process, molding/sintering integratedization, upgrading is at low cost, product quality is high, increases substantially the pulsed discharge sudden strain of a muscle of production efficiency
Fast sintering metal base components near-net-shape process.
Background technique
The production technology of prior powder metallurgy components generally comprises system material, forming, sintering, heat treatment, surface in order
Processing and etc..Agglomerating plant is usually electric furnace, and energy consumption is high, utilization rate of electrical is low, temperature rate is slow, soaking time is long etc.
Disadvantage significantly limits the production efficiency and properties of product of powder metallurgy components.Prior powder metallurgy product is because of its densification
Spend lower, performance is difficult to reach the level of machining densification product, can not be applied to the higher field of performance requirement.In order to
It solves the problems, such as that prior powder metallurgy product properties is lower, develops a series of New Technologies In Powder Metallu Rgies, as plasma discharging is burnt
Knot technology, selective laser sintering/smelting technology and injection molding technology etc..Discharge plasma sintering technique is burnt similar to hot pressing
Knot can greatly shorten sintering time, be that be commercialized a kind of most successful electric field at present auxiliary since the Assisted Activation of electric current acts on
Sintering technology is helped, but since the device is complicated, expensive for it, discharge plasma sintering technique is also in laboratory research preparatory phase；
Due to the development of 3D printing, selective laser sintering/smelting technology is the new skill of powder metallurgy near-net-shape more popular in recent years
Art, likewise, due to the complexity of its technology and equipment, it is difficult to realize industrial applications；Injection molding technology is complex-shaped
Powder metallurgy product on have its apparent advantage, but its complex process, be also not suitable for large-scale industrialization popularization.
It is micro- that patent (CN103862049A) reports a kind of Ni-Ti porous material based on multiple physical field activated sintering preparation
Type part and its sintering method；Patent (CN1702785A) reports the side using electric field low temperature Fast Sintering neodymium iron boron magnetic body
Method；The method that patent (CN102310196A) reports manufacturing micro parts by sintering under electric field action；Patent
(CN103447530A) a kind of method that pure titanium miniature parts are prepared based on multiple physical field activated sintering is reported；Patent
(CN102994852A) method of sintering WC-Co is reported.However the principle of these technologies is all and discharge plasma sintering technique
It is similar, it by being directly powered to green compact, is rapidly heated using electric current joule heating effect, realizes high-performance particulate metal
The quick preparation of component equally exists the problems such as sintering time is long, excessive grain is grown up, sintering process is complicated, is not suitable for work
Industry application.
It is organic with existing prior powder metallurgy industrial production line that pulsed discharge flash sintering technology is that one kind is very suitable to
In conjunction with technology, blank is derived from the patent (US1896854A) of the sintering refractory metal of Taylor in 1933, and Taylor is proposed
The electric conductivity for primary improvement powder green bodies of first being discharged using capacitor group, then recycles lasting alternating current to carry out resistance burning
Knot.Until 1970s, just there is scholar to propose directly to be sintered using the electric discharge of capacitor, core is will be high
The electric energy abrupt release stored in pressure impulse capacitor group utilizes the high pressure of capacitor group generation into the Metal Substrate powder of pressurization
Single-pulse current flows through the joule heating effect that generates when powder, and (and other physical effects: electric discharge generates plasma, electricity between particle
Cause plasticity etc.) realize flash sintering.The scholars such as Al-Hassani and Clyens to the mechanism of pulsed discharge flash sintering technology and
Discharge parameter has carried out detailed research, it is believed that can realize that high-performance causes by the adjusting to voltage, capacitor and pressure and other parameters
The preparation of close material and porous material.Currently, the country such as Britain, Russia pays much attention to the technology, Britain has relied on the skill
Art establishes sintering center, it is intended to the advanced material demand in the fields such as defence and military is solved, and Russia more increased in recent years
To the research dynamics of the technology.It can be seen that quick system of the pulsed discharge flash sintering technology in key area high performance material
Standby aspect has significant advantage.However China only have Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences to the technology sintering WC-Co carried out base
The research work of plinth, the country is to this technology attention degree wretched insufficiency.Therefore, there is an urgent need to promote the research and development to the technology.
Pulsed discharge flash sintering technology is applied into powder metallurgy industry manufacturing field, at present at home and abroad or a blank.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, providing one kind is effectively reduced energy consumption, simplified technique
Process, molding/sintering integratedization, upgrading is at low cost, product quality is high, increases substantially the pulsed discharge sudden strain of a muscle of production efficiency
Fast sintering metal base components near-net-shape process.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process, including following operating procedure:
A. the metal powder filling amount of required Metal Substrate components is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold and stamping to match with required Metal Substrate components, by the metal powder in step a
It pushes in the mold, and the metal powder is formed by the stamping；The inner wall of the mold contact metal powder
With insulation performance；Using the stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the stamping is in the metal powder forming process
It synchronizes and pulsed discharge is carried out to it；
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
Preferably, the mold material in the step b is high-strength mould steel or hard alloy, contacts the interior of metal powder
Wall is insulative ceramic coatings；The material of the stamping is tungsten base high-strength alloy.
Preferably, pulsed discharge body is impulse capacitor group in the step b.
Preferably, the stamping includes upper punch and bottom punch, and the upper punch and the impulse capacitor group are wherein
Another electrode of one electrode electrical connection, the bottom punch and the impulse capacitor group is electrically connected.
Preferably, the impulse capacitor group during metal powder pushes and/or stamping move back in mold process into
Row charging.
Preferably, the pulse current waveform that the impulse capacitor group electric discharge generates is the sine wave of decaying.
Preferably, the stamping in the step b carries out N >=1 time electric discharge in the different trips of decline.
Preferably, the push of metal powder is pushed by feed device in the step b, and feed device installation is equipped with isolation
Cover.
Preferably, the power of the stamping is provided by powder shaping press.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. simplification of flowsheet；The production technology of prior powder metallurgy components generally comprises system material in order, molding, burns
Tie, be heat-treated, being surface-treated and etc., and agglomerating plant is usually electric furnace, energy consumption is high, utilization rate of electrical is low, heating and cooling are fast
Rate is slow, soaking time is long, and the invention enables electric energy to directly act on powder green bodies, greatly improves utilization rate of electrical, reduces
Discharge.Forming and sintering process integration, simplify process flow, are greatly improved production efficiency；
2. easily realizing heavy industrialization application；The present invention may be directly coupled in existing industrial production line, it is not necessary into
Row large-scale redevelopment can realize the upgrading of technology, upgrade at low cost；
3. having the advantages of near-net-shape；Product is without subsequent processing or a small amount of subsequent processing is only needed just to obtain finished product,
Greatly improve production efficiency；
4. product quality is high；Pulsed discharge flash sintering technology has warming and cooling rate, the extremely short sintering time being exceedingly fast
(< 10ms), it instantaneously heats up the features such as high, the primitive character of powder can be retained after the completion of sintering, only formed in particle junction
Metallurgical bonding, crystal grain degree of growing up is small, some specific materials are also able to achieve it is sinter-hardened, and without adding assisted sintering
Agent avoids pollution of the agglutinant to matrix；Sintering is realized in addition to generating joule heating effect when directly flowing through powder using electric current
Except, when the voltage and current of transition is applied in powder green bodies when pulsed discharge, due to its high power density, it can cause
It discharges between pellet pores, excitation plasma generates, and generates localized hyperthermia (1500-6000K) between hole, promotes to pass between particle
Matter, surface active, impurity cleaning, realize that clean intergranular combines, thus achieve the purpose that optimize components institutional framework, for
Composite material powder, due to the heating and cooling time that pulsed discharge sintering technology is exceedingly fast, diffusion process is greatly limited, and element is inclined
It is poly- to be effectively suppressed；
5. porosity adjusts easy to control；Some products there are certain requirements porosity, for example gear moistens certainly in order to realize
Sliding and raising wearability, powder metallurgy components usually contain certain porosity, to guarantee that lubricating oil has the leaching of 5%-20%
Enter rate, and by adjusting electric discharge and pressure parameter, it can accomplish controlled porosity, it is convenient for production quick.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that mesohigh impulse capacitor group of the present invention is illustrated in conjunction with the molding machine in prior powder metallurgy production line
Figure.
In figure: 1. powder shaping press；2. impulse capacitor group；3. mold；4. upper punch；5. bottom punch；6. feeding fills
It sets.
Specific embodiment
The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings:
A kind of pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process, including following operating procedure:
A. the metal powder filling amount of required Metal Substrate components is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with required Metal Substrate components, by the metal powder in step a
It pushes in the mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by the stamping；The mold 3 contacts the interior of metal powder
Wall has insulation performance；Using the stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the stamping is to the metal powder forming process
In synchronize pulsed discharge carried out to it；
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
Preferably, 3 material of mold in the step b is high-strength 3 steel of mold or hard alloy, contacts metal powder
Inner wall is insulative ceramic coatings；The material of the stamping is tungsten base high-strength alloy.
Preferably, pulsed discharge body is impulse capacitor group 2 in the step b.
Preferably, the stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, the upper punch 4 and the impulse capacitor group 2
One of electrode electrical connection, the bottom punch 5 and another electrode of the impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected.
Preferably, the impulse capacitor group 2 the metal powder push during and/or stamping move back in mold process into
Row charging.
Preferably, the pulse current waveform that the electric discharge of impulse capacitor group 2 generates is the sine wave of decaying.
Preferably, the stamping in the step b carries out N >=1 time electric discharge in the different trips of decline.
Preferably, the push of metal powder is pushed by feed device 6 in the step b, the feed device 6 installation be equipped with every
From cover.
Preferably, the power of the stamping is provided by powder shaping press 1.
It compares for ease of understanding, 3 material of mold of following embodiment uses the high-strength mold 3 of inner-wall spraying zirconia coating
Steel, stamping use tungsten base high-strength alloy, and powder shaping press 1 uses 6T powder shaping press, and power supply uses capacitor for 360uF,
Charging/discharging voltage is the high-voltage pulse capacitor group of 0-30kV.Metal Substrate finished product made of needing is driven gears, specification are as follows: tooth top
Circular diameter is 10.5mm, the number of teeth 15, with a thickness of 5.5mm.Metal powder partial size is about 45 μm, ingredient are as follows: 1.50%Cu,
0.20C%, 1.75%Ni, 0.50%Mo, surplus Fe.The density of product is by Archimedes's drainage after the sintering of pulsed discharge flash
Measurement.
Embodiment 1:
A. the metal powder filling amount of manufacture driven gears is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with driven gears, and the metal powder in step a is filled by feeding
It sets 6 to push in mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by stamping；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the mould
It is punched in and pulsed discharge is carried out to it to synchronizing in metal powder forming process；I.e. stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, upper mold
Punching 4 and one of electrode of impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected, another electrode electricity of bottom punch 5 and impulse capacitor group 2
Gas connection；Impulse capacitor group 2 is moved back in mold process and is charged with/stamping during metal powder pushes；Impulse capacitor
The pulse current waveform that 2 electric discharge of group generates is the sine wave of decaying.
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
The installation of feed device 6 is equipped with isolation cover, and the electric spark for preventing electric discharge from generating ignites metal powder.
The present embodiment uses the discharging condition of 360 μ F, 8000V, and the present embodiment discharges in maximum stroke, when electric current continues
Between about 2ms, after electric discharge, former automatic demolding.Electric discharge front gear density is 6.95~7.05g/cm3, after electric discharge
Density is 7.23g/cm3。
Pulsed discharge flash sintering technology has the warming and cooling rate being exceedingly fast, extremely short sintering time (< 10ms), instantaneous
It heats up the features such as high, the primitive character of powder can be retained after the completion of sintering, only form metallurgical bonding, crystal grain in particle junction
Degree of growing up is small, some specific materials is also able to achieve sinter-hardened, and without adding assisted sintering agent, avoids sintering
Pollution of the agent to matrix；Other than generating joule heating effect when directly flowing through powder using electric current and realizing sintering, pulsed discharge
When transition voltage and current when being applied in powder green bodies, due to its high power density, can cause to put between pellet pores
Electricity, excitation plasma generate, and generate localized hyperthermia (1500-6000K) between hole, promote mass transfer between particle, surface active, miscellaneous
Matter cleaning realizes that clean intergranular combines, to achieve the purpose that optimize components institutional framework, for composite material powder,
Due to the heating and cooling time that pulsed discharge sintering technology is exceedingly fast, diffusion process is greatly limited, and Element segregation will obtain effectively
Inhibit.In discharge process, under the action of the joule heating effect of pulse current and Electroplastic, powder green bodies in forming process
Yield strength reduces, and promotes the densification of green compact, reduces the coefficient of friction between green compact and mold, improves the table of product
Face quality.Meanwhile under the activation of huge electric field strength, discharge between powder particle, promotes the migration of substance, have between particle
Good metallurgical bonding, product have preferable performance.
Embodiment 2:
A. the metal powder filling amount of manufacture driven gears is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with driven gears, and the metal powder in step a is filled by feeding
It sets 6 to push in mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by stamping；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the mould
It is punched in and pulsed discharge is carried out to it to synchronizing in metal powder forming process；I.e. stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, upper mold
Punching 4 and one of electrode of impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected, another electrode electricity of bottom punch 5 and impulse capacitor group 2
Gas connection；Impulse capacitor group 2 is moved back in mold process and is charged with/stamping during metal powder pushes；Impulse capacitor
The pulse current waveform that 2 electric discharge of group generates is the sine wave of decaying.
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
The installation of feed device 6 is equipped with isolation cover, and the electric spark for preventing electric discharge from generating ignites metal powder.
The present embodiment uses the discharging condition of 360 μ F, 10000V.The present embodiment discharges in maximum stroke, and electric current is lasting
Time is about 2ms, after electric discharge, former automatic demolding.Electric discharge front gear density is 6.95~7.05g/cm3, electric discharge
Density is 7.34g/cm afterwards3。
Embodiment 3:
A. the metal powder filling amount of manufacture driven gears is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with driven gears, and the metal powder in step a is filled by feeding
It sets 6 to push in mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by stamping；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the mould
It is punched in and pulsed discharge is carried out to it to synchronizing in metal powder forming process；I.e. stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, upper mold
Punching 4 and one of electrode of impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected, another electrode electricity of bottom punch 5 and impulse capacitor group 2
Gas connection；Impulse capacitor group 2 is moved back in mold process and is charged with/stamping during metal powder pushes；Impulse capacitor
The pulse current waveform that 2 electric discharge of group generates is the sine wave of decaying.
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
The installation of feed device 6 is equipped with isolation cover, and the electric spark for preventing electric discharge from generating ignites metal powder.
The present embodiment uses the discharging condition of 360 μ F, 12000V.The present embodiment discharges in maximum stroke, and electric current is lasting
Time is about 2ms, after electric discharge, former automatic demolding.Electric discharge front gear density is 6.95~7.05g/cm3, electric discharge
Density is 7.46g/cm afterwards3。
Embodiment 4:
A. the metal powder filling amount of manufacture driven gears is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with driven gears, and the metal powder in step a is filled by feeding
It sets 6 to push in mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by stamping；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the mould
It is punched in and pulsed discharge is carried out to it to synchronizing in metal powder forming process；I.e. stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, upper mold
Punching 4 and one of electrode of impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected, another electrode electricity of bottom punch 5 and impulse capacitor group 2
Gas connection；Impulse capacitor group 2 is moved back in mold process and is charged with/stamping during metal powder pushes；Impulse capacitor
The pulse current waveform that 2 electric discharge of group generates is the sine wave of decaying.
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
The installation of feed device 6 is equipped with isolation cover, and the electric spark for preventing electric discharge from generating ignites metal powder.
The present embodiment uses the discharging condition of 360 μ F, 14000V.The present embodiment discharges in maximum stroke, and electric current is lasting
Time is about 2ms, after electric discharge, former automatic demolding.Electric discharge front gear density is 6.95~7.05g/cm3, electric discharge
Density is 7.52g/cm afterwards3。
Embodiment 5:
A. the metal powder filling amount of manufacture driven gears is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold 3 and stamping to match with driven gears, and the metal powder in step a is filled by feeding
It sets 6 to push in mold 3, and the metal powder is formed by stamping；Using stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the mould
It is punched in and pulsed discharge is carried out to it to synchronizing in metal powder forming process；I.e. stamping includes upper punch 4 and bottom punch 5, upper mold
Punching 4 and one of electrode of impulse capacitor group 2 are electrically connected, another electrode electricity of bottom punch 5 and impulse capacitor group 2
Gas connection；Impulse capacitor group 2 is moved back in mold process and is charged with/stamping during metal powder pushes；Impulse capacitor
The pulse current waveform that 2 electric discharge of group generates is the sine wave of decaying.
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
The installation of feed device 6 is equipped with isolation cover, and the electric spark for preventing electric discharge from generating ignites metal powder.
The present embodiment uses the discharging condition of 360 μ F, 16000V.The present embodiment discharges in maximum stroke, and electric current is lasting
Time is about 2ms, after electric discharge, former automatic demolding.Electric discharge front gear density is 6.95~7.05g/cm3, electric discharge
Density is 7.65g/cm afterwards3。
The above, the only present invention to the specific embodiment of certain driven gears, for other metal base powders, its
His sized products are equally applicable, it is only necessary to the adjustment of parameter is made, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, it is any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its invents
Conception be subject to equivalent replacement similar materials, equipment or adjustment associated technical parameters, should all cover protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process, which is characterized in that including grasping as follows
Make step:
A. the metal powder filling amount of required Metal Substrate components is calculated by powder theoretical density；
B. be prepared in advance the mold and stamping to match with required Metal Substrate components, and the metal powder in step a is pushed
In to the mold, and the metal powder is formed by the stamping；The inner wall of the mold contact metal powder has
Insulation performance；Using the stamping as the electrode of pulsed discharge body, the stamping is to synchronous in the metal powder forming process
Pulsed discharge is carried out to it；
C. after pulsed discharge, mould is moved back, takes out Metal Substrate components finished product.
2. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 1, feature
Be: the mold material in the step b is high-strength mould steel or hard alloy, and the inner wall of contact metal powder is insulation pottery
Porcelain coating；The material of the stamping is tungsten base high-strength alloy.
3. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 1, feature
Be: pulsed discharge body is impulse capacitor group in the step b.
4. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 3, feature
Be: the stamping includes upper punch and bottom punch, one of electrode electricity of the upper punch and the impulse capacitor group
Another electrode of gas connection, the bottom punch and the impulse capacitor group is electrically connected.
5. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 4, feature
Be: the impulse capacitor group is during the metal powder pushes and/or stamping is moved back in mold process and charged.
6. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 3, feature
Be: the pulse current waveform that the impulse capacitor group electric discharge generates is the sine wave of decaying.
7. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 1, feature
Be: the stamping in the step b carries out N >=1 time electric discharge in the different trips of decline.
8. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 1, feature
Be: the push of metal powder is pushed by feed device in the step b, and feed device installation is equipped with isolation cover.
9. pulsed discharge flash sintering metal base components near-net-shape process according to claim 1, feature
Be: the power of the stamping is provided by powder shaping press.
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