It is a kind of to assist cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method using 3D printing fixed equipment
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of medical instrument technology, and in particular to a kind of to be worn using the auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage of 3D printing fixed equipment
Pierce drainage method.
Background technique
Cerebral hemorrhage is a kind of common nervous system acute disease, and severe one jeopardizes patient vitals, and less serious case leaves neurologic impairment,
The disease has the characteristics that high incidence, high mortality, high disability rate.Traditional treatment method mostly uses Routine craniectomy to open cranium mode,
This method wound is big, costly, and sequelae is serious.Have developed cerebral hemorrhage minimum traumatic hematoma puncture art now, small with wound,
Feature easy to operate, quick, sequelae is small, this method are promoted in the whole nation rapidly, obtain a large amount of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in time
Treatment, reduces the death rate and disability rate.
Currently, cerebral hemorrhage minimum traumatic hematoma puncture art is positioned typically by means of CT, according to intracranial hematoma maximum level selection head
Skin puncture point, puncture direction and paracentesis depth are punctured.Clinically rule of thumb manually punctures, this skill for operative doctor
Art requires height, even if scalp puncture point orientation is accurate, but due to the scrambling of head shape, especially sets pipe needs and skull
When forming certain angle, canal path is set, the direction and depth of setting pipe usually cannot be controlled accurately;Puncturing direction, it is easy to appear inclined
Difference causes surgical effect not good enough.Therefore, it clinically need to often take hematoma puncture positioning device auxiliary to puncture, improve successful surgery
Rate.Intracranial hematoma puncture generally increases the accuracy punctured: stereo brain orienting instrument using following several auxiliary directional methods at present
And neuronavigation system, the fixing head frame first with wound is needed before the surgery of stereo brain orienting instrument, is then positioned and is scanned in CT Room
Puncture and intubation again afterwards, although location of operation is accurate, precision is high, and surgical procedure is cumbersome, and the time is longer, and clinically most of brain
Bleeding patients, the state of an illness is critical, unconsciousness, restless, is not suitable for the treatment of first-aid patients.Neuronavigation system is in Use of Neuronavigation
Lower puncture precision is high, but price is extremely expensive, cumbersome using program, when operating cost, and needs more complex technical training etc., no
Energy popularization and application is not suitable for promoting and applying in basic hospital.
3D printing technique is current most popular one of material molding research direction, is by the auxiliary of image technology data
It helps, appliance computer aided design techniques fictionalize the three-dimensional structure of body to be built, then utilize corresponding material, successively create
A kind of organizational engineering technology of entity out.Data is learned by obtaining patient image, it is selected according to cerebral vessels and hemotoncus position
Point of puncture can precisely guide cerebral hemorrhage minimum traumatic operation fixed equipment in conjunction with 3D printing technique production, and the puncture of fixed equipment is logical
Road passes through point of puncture and is directed toward hemotoncus, has high-precision, building speed are fast, it can be achieved that the advantages such as manufacture are because of personalized, essence on demand
The advantages that standardization, long-range, the application particularly suitable for medical domain.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems existing in the present technology, it is set it is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of using 3D printing fixation
Standby auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method, can be improved the accuracy rate of cerebral hemorrhage Needle localization, increases cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage hand
The success rate of art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: it is a kind of to assist cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage side using 3D printing fixed equipment
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step S1 is scanned patient's brain using image documentation equipment and obtains patient's brain phantom file data packet;
The image file data packet that step S1 is obtained is imported medical science modeling software and obtains the 3D of patient's brain by step S2
Mathematical model;
Step S3 determines position and point of puncture, point of puncture and the hemotoncus of hemotoncus in the 3D mathematical model that step S2 is obtained
Puncture path between center avoids cerebral vessels traveling position and functional areas;
Step S4 constructs fixed equipment model, and wherein the end face of fixed equipment model is bonded patient's brain profile closely, and
Puncture channel is constructed on fixed equipment model, puncture channel and point of puncture and hemotoncus center are on the same line;
Step S5 obtains fixed equipment model data packet;
The fixed equipment model data packet that step S5 is obtained is imported in 3D printer and is printed, used by step S6
In the fixed equipment of auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage;
Step S7 drills out bone hole channel along puncture path in patient's brain, the step S6 fixed equipment obtained is fixed
In patient's brain, keep the puncture channel of fixed equipment and bone hole channel on the same line;
Step S8 punctures drainage tube along the puncture channel of fixed equipment, drawing hematoma to patient's brain.
It is preferred that step S1 specifically: when being scanned to human body, make according to standard OM line is parallel to sufficient side
Helical scanning is carried out to the crown for benchmark line, the image in host is subjected to data weight again according to more thin layer thickness after the completion of scanning
It builds, obtains the image file data packet of thin layer DICOM format.
It is preferred that image documentation equipment described in step S1 is CT or MRI.
It is preferred that medical science modeling software described in step S2 is Mimics, 3DSlicer or Arigin3D.
It is preferred that step S6 specifically: it is dedicated that fixed equipment model data packet is imported into FDM type 3D printer
It is sliced in Slice Software, the G formatted file of printing can be read by being converted into 3D printer, copy G formatted file to SD
In card, it is inserted into 3D printer and is printed.
It is preferred that using polylactic acid or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer as 3D printing in step S6
Raw material.
It is preferred that the puncture channel is cylinder, the diameter of puncture channel is 2mm-6mm.
It is preferred that the bone hole channel of the puncture channel of the fixed equipment and patient's brain uses optical mode
It is matched.
The invention has the benefit that
1, cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method is assisted using 3D printing fixed equipment the present invention provides a kind of, is set using image
Standby be scanned to patient's brain obtains image file data packet, models building fixed equipment model by medicine, then pass through 3D
The mode of printing obtains the fixed equipment for assisting cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage, and fixed equipment is fixed on patient's brain, will be drawn
Flow tube is punctured along the puncture channel of fixed equipment to patient's brain, drawing hematoma.Fixed equipment is completely according to patient's brain
The three-dimensional data of scan rebuilding and design, fixed equipment is bonded with patient's brain perfection, overcomes different patient's brain profiles
Different problems, are adapted to any patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and drainage tube can be gone directly hemotoncus center by puncture channel, improve puncture
The accuracy rate of positioning increases the success rate of puncture drainage operation.
2, cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method is assisted using 3D printing fixed equipment the present invention provides a kind of, obtains patient's brain
Human body is scanned first when portion's image file data packet, according to be parallel to standard OM line to sufficient side as reference line to the crown
Helical scanning is carried out, the image in host is subjected to data reconstruction again according to more thin layer thickness after the completion of scanning, obtains thin layer
The image file data packet of DICOM format.Helical scanning is imaged as faultage image, the image of shown institutional framework and lesion
It is not overlapped each other, the recall rate of lesion can be significantly improved.
3, cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method is assisted using 3D printing fixed equipment the present invention provides a kind of, fixed equipment
Puncture channel is matched with the bone hole channel of patient's brain using optical mode, guarantees that puncture channel is in bone hole channel
On same straight line, it is ensured that the safety of puncturing operation.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of utilization 3D printing fixed equipment auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method, including following step
It is rapid:
Step S1 is scanned patient's brain using image documentation equipment and obtains patient's brain phantom file data packet, described
Image documentation equipment is CT or MRI.
CT, that is, CT scan, it is to be scanned with X-ray beam to the certain thickness level in human body portion,
The X-ray for penetrating the level is received by detector, after being changed into visible light, electric signal is become from photoelectric conversion, then through simulation/number
Word converter switchs to number, inputs computer disposal.The processing that image is formed is divided into several volume phases just like to selected level
Same cuboid, referred to as voxel.Scanning gained information is computed and obtains the x-ray attenuation coefficient of each voxel or absorb system
Number is rearranged into matrix, i.e. character matrix, and character matrix can be stored in disk or CD.Through digital/analog converter number
Each number in word matrix switchs to by the black small cube to the white gray scales such as not, i.e. pixel, and is arranged in a matrix, i.e. composition CT figure
Picture.So CT image is reconstruction image.The X-ray absorption coefficient of each voxel can be calculated by different mathematical methods.CT
Working procedure be such that it according to human body different tissues to the absorption of x-ray and the difference of transmitance, it is high using sensitivity
Instrument human body is measured, the acquired data of measurement are then inputted into electronic computer, electronic computer to data into
After row processing, so that it may photograph human body and be examined the section at position or the image of solid, find the tiny lesion at any position in vivo.
MRI, that is, magnetic resonance imaging, it is obtained according to the interaction of radioactive wave and proton in high-intensity magnetic field.Magnetic is total
Vibration imaging is one kind of tomographic imaging, it obtains electromagnetic signal using electromagnetic induction phenomenon from human body, and reconstructs human body information.
Mr imaging technique and other tomography technologies (such as CT) have some common ground, for example they can show certain physics
Measure the distribution of (such as density) in space;Also there is the characteristic of own simultaneously, the available any direction of magnetic resonance imaging is broken
Tomographic image, three-dimensional volumetric image, it might even be possible to obtain space-wave spectrum distribution four-dimensional image.
The image file data packet that step S1 is obtained is imported medical science modeling software and obtains the 3D of patient's brain by step S2
Mathematical model.Wherein, the medical science modeling software is Mimics, 3DSlicer or Arigin3D.
Mimics is the abbreviation of Materialise's interactive medical image control system,
It is a kind of medical image control system of Materialise company invention, is the software of modular construction, it can be according to user's
Different demands have different collocation.Mimics can input the data (CT, MRI) of various scannings, establish 3D model and edited, so
General CAD (CAD), FEA (finite element analysis) are exported afterwards, and RP (rapid shaping) format can be in PC machine
Carry out the conversion process of large-scale data.MIMICS FEA module can quickly be handled the data of scanning input, be exported
Corresponding file format, is used for FEA (finite element analysis) and CFD (computer simulation fluid dynamics), and user can use scanning number
According to 3D model is established, grid dividing then is carried out to surface to apply in FEA analysis.Grid reodering in FEA module
Function optimizes the input data of FEA to greatest extent, the Heng Shi unit based on scan data, can carry out to volume mesh
Material distribution, establishes a 3D model by point cloud data in Mimics.Using the 3D of Mimics software editing patient's brain
Mathematical model, it is simple to operate.
Step S3 determines position and point of puncture, point of puncture and the hemotoncus of hemotoncus in the 3D mathematical model that step S2 is obtained
Puncture path between center avoids cerebral vessels traveling position and functional areas.Point of puncture is most appropriate position, it is ensured that is punctured
Path will not injure patient cerebral vessels traveling position and functional areas, reduce operation to the greatest extent and injure to the puncture of patient.
Step S4 constructs fixed equipment model, and wherein the end face of fixed equipment model is bonded patient's brain profile closely, and
Puncture channel is constructed on fixed equipment model, puncture channel and point of puncture and hemotoncus center are on the same line.It is fixed
The end face of device model is fitted closely with patient's brain profile, improves the accuracy rate of Needle localization, it is ensured that the life security of patient,
Improve the success rate of puncturing operation.Preferably, the puncture channel is cylinder, and the diameter of puncture channel is 2mm-6mm.Patient
The puncture wound of brain is smaller, is conducive to the wound healing of patient.
Step S5 obtains fixed equipment model data packet.According to patient's brain profile, appropriate adjusting fixed equipment model
Size obtains the fixed equipment pattern number for assisting cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage to meet the specific requirements of different patients with this
According to packet.
The fixed equipment model data packet that step S5 is obtained is imported in 3D printer and is printed, used by step S6
In the fixed equipment of auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage.Wherein, the raw material that 3D printing uses is polylactic acid or acrylonitrile-butadiene-
Styrol copolymer.
Step S7 drills out bone hole channel along puncture path in patient's brain, the step S6 fixed equipment obtained is fixed
In patient's brain, keep the puncture channel of fixed equipment and bone hole channel on the same line.Preferably, the fixed equipment
Puncture channel and the bone hole channel of patient's brain matched using optical mode, guarantee at puncture channel and bone hole channel
In on same straight line, it is ensured that the safety of puncturing operation.
Step S8 punctures drainage tube along the puncture channel of fixed equipment, drawing hematoma to patient's brain.Fixed equipment
Puncture channel and bone hole channel be in same straight line, can it is fast and accurate by drainage tube extend to hemotoncus center aspirate blood
It is swollen.
Cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method is assisted using 3D printing fixed equipment the present invention provides a kind of, uses image documentation equipment
Patient's brain is scanned and obtains image file data packet, building fixed equipment model is modeled by medicine, then beat by 3D
The mode of print obtains the fixed equipment for assisting cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage, and fixed equipment is fixed on patient's brain, will be drained
Pipe is punctured along the puncture channel of fixed equipment to patient's brain, drawing hematoma.Fixed equipment is to be swept completely according to patient's brain
It retouches the three-dimensional data of reconstruction and designs, fixed equipment is bonded with patient's brain perfection, overcomes different patient's brain profiles not
With problem, be adapted to any patients with cerebral hemorrhage, drainage tube can go directly hemotoncus center by puncture channel, and it is fixed to improve puncture
The accuracy rate of position increases the success rate of puncture drainage operation.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of utilization 3D printing fixed equipment auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage method, including following step
It is rapid:
Step S1 is scanned patient's brain using image documentation equipment and obtains patient's brain phantom file data packet, specifically
Are as follows: when carrying out CT scan to human body, helical scanning is carried out to the crown as reference line to sufficient side according to standard OM line is parallel to, is swept
The image in host is subjected to data reconstruction again according to more thin layer thickness after the completion of retouching, obtains the image text of thin layer DICOM format
Part data packet.Helical scanning is imaged as faultage image, and shown institutional framework is not be overlapped each other with the image of lesion,
The recall rate of lesion can be significantly improved.
The image file data packet that step S1 is obtained is imported medical science modeling software and obtains the 3D of patient's brain by step S2
Mathematical model.Wherein, the medical science modeling software is Mimics, 3DSlicer or Arigin3D.
Step S3 determines position and point of puncture, point of puncture and the hemotoncus of hemotoncus in the 3D mathematical model that step S2 is obtained
Puncture path between center avoids cerebral vessels traveling position and functional areas.Point of puncture is most appropriate position, it is ensured that is punctured
Path will not injure patient cerebral vessels traveling position and functional areas, reduce operation to the greatest extent and injure to the puncture of patient.
Step S4 constructs fixed equipment model, and wherein the end face of fixed equipment model is bonded patient's brain profile closely, and
Puncture channel is constructed on fixed equipment model, puncture channel and point of puncture and hemotoncus center are on the same line.It is fixed
The end face of device model is fitted closely with patient's brain profile, improves the accuracy rate of Needle localization, it is ensured that the life security of patient,
Improve the success rate of puncturing operation.Preferably, the puncture channel is cylinder, and the diameter of puncture channel is 2mm-6mm.Patient
The puncture wound of brain is smaller, is conducive to the wound healing of patient.
Step S5 adjusts the size of fixed equipment model, obtains fixed equipment model data packet.According to patient's brain wheel
Exterior feature, the appropriate size for adjusting fixed equipment model are obtained with this for assisting cerebral hemorrhage with meeting the specific requirements of different patients
The fixed equipment model data packet of puncture drainage.
The fixed equipment model data packet that step S5 is obtained is imported in 3D printer and is printed, used by step S6
In the fixed equipment of auxiliary cerebral hemorrhage puncture drainage.Specifically: fixed equipment model data packet is imported into FDM type 3D printer
It is sliced in dedicated Slice Software, the G formatted file of printing can be read by being converted into 3D printer, and G formatted file is copied
Into SD card, it is inserted into 3D printer and is printed.Wherein, the raw material that 3D printing uses is polylactic acid or acrylonitrile-butadiene-
Styrol copolymer.
Step S7 drills out bone hole channel along puncture path in patient's brain, the step S6 fixed equipment obtained is fixed
In patient's brain, keep the puncture channel of fixed equipment and bone hole channel on the same line.Preferably, the fixed equipment
Puncture channel and the bone hole channel of patient's brain matched using optical mode, guarantee at puncture channel and bone hole channel
In on same straight line, it is ensured that the safety of puncturing operation.
Step S8 punctures drainage tube along the puncture channel of fixed equipment, drawing hematoma to patient's brain.Fixed equipment
Puncture channel and bone hole channel be in same straight line, can it is fast and accurate by drainage tube extend to hemotoncus center aspirate blood
It is swollen.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned optional embodiment, anyone can show that other are each under the inspiration of the present invention
The product of kind form.Above-mentioned specific embodiment should not be understood the limitation of pairs of protection scope of the present invention, protection of the invention
Range should be subject to be defined in claims, and specification can be used for interpreting the claims.