CN109883296B - Measuring tool and measuring method for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position - Google Patents
Measuring tool and measuring method for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation detection of constructional engineering, and discloses a measuring tool and a measuring method for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation, wherein the measuring tool comprises a transverse main scale and a longitudinal main scale which are perpendicularly intersected at a central point, two auxiliary scales perpendicular to the longitudinal main scale are arranged on the longitudinal main scales on two sides of the transverse main scale, and the auxiliary scales can move along the longitudinal main scale and fix the positions; the two ends of the transverse main ruler and the two ends of the longitudinal main ruler are respectively provided with a movable end clamp capable of moving and fixing the positions; free end clamps capable of moving and fixing positions are respectively arranged at one end of the transverse main ruler and one end of the longitudinal main ruler; the positions of zero scale marks at the two ends of the auxiliary ruler are respectively provided with a fixed end clamp. The invention is specially used for detecting the deviation of the pile diameter and the pile position in the pile foundation, has high measurement precision, is not influenced by artificial and environmental factors, has real and accurate measurement data, and can ensure that the inspection conclusion is correct; the tool has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and operation, disassembly and assembly and convenient carrying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation detection of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to a pile forming quality detection tool for a building pile foundation.
Background
In the construction process of building pile foundation, the pile forming quality is different due to the influence of operation and environmental factors, and quality inspection is required to be carried out according to design and quality inspection standards after the foundation pit is excavated so as to confirm whether the quality meets the design and specification requirements. In pile foundation quality inspection, pile diameter and pile position are the actual measurement items that need to be inspected. The conventional inspection method of the pile diameter and the pile position adopts steel rule measurement, and the operation is very complicated, for example, when the pile diameter is measured, a plurality of groups of data are needed to be measured for repeated comparison; when the pile position is measured, the position deviation in two directions is required to be provided, and the measured position can be aligned for many times. The accuracy of the ruler measurement result mainly depends on the quality and experience of the inspectors, and the error is larger under the normal condition because the difference exists between the ruler manipulation and ruler reading judgment of each inspector.
The pile diameter and pile position in pile foundation are directly related to the bearing capacity of foundation and the stability of upper building structure, affecting the normal use function and structural safety of building, and the deviation must be controlled within the allowable range specified by design and specification, wherein the quality inspection is very critical. In view of the fact that the traditional steel rule measuring mode is large in error, misjudgment is easy to cause, operation is complex, and a special detection tool meeting the detection precision requirement and being applicable is necessary to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of pile forming detection quality and efficiency of a building pile foundation, and provides a measuring tool and a measuring method for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation, which are special for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation in the pile foundation, have high measuring precision, are not influenced by artificial and environmental factors, have real and accurate measuring data, and can ensure that a detection conclusion is correct; the tool has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and operation, disassembly and assembly and convenient carrying.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the measuring tool comprises a transverse main rule and a longitudinal main rule which are perpendicular to each other, and the transverse main rule and the longitudinal main rule are intersected with each other at a central point and fixedly connected; two auxiliary scales are arranged on the longitudinal main scales at two sides of the transverse main scale, are perpendicular to the longitudinal main scales and can move along the longitudinal main scales and fix positions;
the two ends of the transverse main scale and the positions of r scale marks at the two ends of the longitudinal main scale are respectively provided with movable end clamps, and the two groups of movable end clamps can respectively move along the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale and fix the positions; r value=d/2, D being the engineering pile diameter;
free end clamps are respectively arranged at one end of the transverse main ruler and one end of the longitudinal main ruler, and the two free end clamps can respectively move along the transverse main ruler and the longitudinal main ruler and fix positions;
fixed end clamps are respectively installed at two ends of the auxiliary ruler, and the fixed end clamps are fixed at positions of zero scale marks at two ends of the auxiliary ruler.
Further, the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale are engraved with two rows of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the scale, 0 points of the two rows of scale marks are arranged in the middle of the scale, and scale values of 0-dmm are marked at the two ends of the scale respectively, and d=300-500.
Further, the auxiliary ruler is carved with two rows of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the ruler, the scale ranges of the two rows of scale marks are 0-dmm, the arrangement directions of the two rows of scale marks are opposite, and one row of zero scale marks is aligned with the dmm scale marks of the other row.
Further, the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale are connected through a connecting block, and an upper row of inserting scale holes and a lower row of inserting scale holes are formed in the side face of the connecting block in the direction perpendicular to each other and are respectively used for penetrating through the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale; the connecting block that horizontal main scale with vertical main scale is connected is installed and is used for horizontal main scale vertical main scale with connecting block fixed connection's fixed screw and nut.
Further, the auxiliary ruler is connected with the longitudinal main ruler through a connecting block, and an upper row of ruler inserting holes and a lower row of ruler inserting holes are formed in the side face of the connecting block in the direction perpendicular to each other and are respectively used for penetrating through the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler; and a jackscrew for fixing the position of the auxiliary ruler is arranged on a connecting block connected with the longitudinal main ruler.
Further, the upper part of the movable end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the transverse main ruler or the longitudinal main ruler, the lower part of the movable end clamp is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, and the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid are inclined, are intersected in pairs on four sides and intersect at the bottom cone tip; the vertical surface of the movable end clamp faces to the inner side during installation; the top of the movable end clamp is provided with a jackscrew for fixing the movable end clamp on the transverse main scale or the longitudinal main scale.
Further, the upper part of the free end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the transverse main ruler or the longitudinal main ruler, the lower part of the free end clamp is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, and the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid are inclined, are intersected in pairs on four sides and intersect at the bottom cone tip; the vertical surface of the free end clamp faces to the inner side during installation; the top of the free end clamp is provided with a jackscrew for fixing the free end clamp on the transverse main scale or the longitudinal main scale.
Further, the upper part of the fixed end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the auxiliary ruler, the lower part of the fixed end clamp is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid are inclined, and the quadrangular pyramid is intersected with the bottom cone tip in pairs; the vertical surface of the fixed end clamp faces to the inner side during installation, and the vertical surface is aligned with the zero scale line of the auxiliary ruler; the top of the fixed end clamp is provided with a screw used for fixing the fixed end clamp on the auxiliary ruler.
The measuring method based on the measuring tool for detecting the deviation of the pile diameter and the pile position comprises the following steps:
(1) A design center point is projected and tested on the pile top surface, and a cross center line is designed in a bullet mode;
(2) Placing the measuring tool on the top surface of the pile so that the longitudinal main ruler is parallel to the longitudinal line of the designed cross center line and the transverse main ruler is parallel to the transverse line of the designed cross center line;
(3) The measuring tool is moved in parallel to the front, back, left and right, the ruler positions are adjusted until the movable end clamps at one end of the transverse main ruler and one end of the longitudinal main ruler are respectively abutted with one end of the pile edge, and the free end clamps at the other end are respectively abutted with the other end of the pile edge;
reading a at the joint of the inner side of the free end clamp on the transverse main scale and the transverse main scale, namely, the radius of the measured pile is (a+r)/2; the reading of the joint of the inner side of the free end clamp on the longitudinal main ruler and the longitudinal main ruler is b, namely the radius of the measured pile is (b+r)/2;
(4) Moving the auxiliary ruler between the transverse main ruler and the designed cross center line transverse line along the longitudinal main ruler to the position of the cross center line transverse line and enabling the transverse main ruler and the designed cross center line transverse line to coincide; reading a scale value m intersecting the longitudinal main scale at the intersection of the auxiliary scale and the longitudinal main scale;
(5) Traversing the auxiliary ruler along the direction of the transverse main ruler until the fixed end clamp at one end of the auxiliary ruler is aligned with the longitudinal line of the cross center line, and reading a scale value n intersected on the auxiliary ruler at the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler;
(6) Calculating pile diameter deviation: transverse pile diameter deviation=r-a, longitudinal pile diameter deviation=r-b;
(7) Calculating pile position deviation: pile longitudinal deviation value α=m+j; pile position lateral deviation value beta=n+j; and j is the distance between the edge of the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler and the midpoint of the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the measuring tool and the measuring method for detecting the deviation of the pile diameter and the pile position solve the problems of precision control and improvement of working efficiency in pile diameter and pile position detection. Compared with the traditional steel rule measuring mode, the tool and the method integrate pile diameter and pile position detection, directly display measured values, are not influenced by human and environmental factors, greatly improve measuring precision and avoid misjudgment; the pile diameter and pile position detection can be completed simultaneously by one person, the use is convenient, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor is saved; the tool and the method are suitable for checking the existing circular section piles and square piles with various section sizes, and the special oversized section piles only need to lengthen the main ruler, so that the tool and the method have universality, are simple in structure, convenient to draw materials and process, low in cost, simple to maintain, durable in use and suitable for general popularization in construction sites.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a simple measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a simple measuring tool for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a simple measuring tool for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of a simple measuring tool for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale in the simple measuring tool provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the auxiliary ruler in the simple measuring tool provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the connection block of the simple measuring tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a section f-f of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a detail of node A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 is a detail view of the node B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 11 is a detail view of node C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 12 is a detail view of node D of FIG. 2;
FIG. 13 is a detail view of node E of FIG. 2;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the use of the simple measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to the present invention. In the above figures: 1. a transverse main scale; 2. a longitudinal main scale; 3. a secondary ruler; 4. a connecting block; 5. a movable end clip; 6. free end clamps; 7. fixing the end clamp; 8. a set screw; 9. and (5) jackscrews.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the nature, features, and effects of the present invention, the following examples are set forth to illustrate, and are to be considered in connection with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a simple measuring tool for detecting deviation between pile diameter and pile position, which mainly includes a transverse main scale 1, a longitudinal main scale 2, a secondary scale 3, a connecting block 4, a movable end clamp 5, a free end clamp 6, a fixed end clamp 7, a fixed screw 8, and a jackscrew 9.
As shown in fig. 5, the structures of the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 are identical, and are all made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4mm, and the length is 900mm; the width is 10m. The top surfaces of the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 are carved with two rows of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the scale, 0 points of the two rows of scale marks are arranged in the middle of the scale, and scale values of 0-400 mm are marked at the two ends respectively. The middle parts of the transverse main ruler 1 and the longitudinal main ruler 2 are respectively provided with a round hole with the diameter of 2 mm.
As shown in FIG. 6, the number of the auxiliary rulers 3 is two, the structures are identical, and the auxiliary rulers are all made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4mm, the length is 550mm, and the width is 10mm. The top surface of the auxiliary ruler 3 is carved with two rows of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the ruler, the scale ranges of the two rows of scale marks are 0-400 mm, the directions of the two rows of scale marks arranged on the scale are opposite, and one row of zero scale marks is aligned with the 400mm scale marks of the other row. Screw hole threading is drilled at the positions where the fixed end clamps 7 are arranged at the two ends of the auxiliary ruler 3.
The transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 and the auxiliary scale 3 and the longitudinal main scale 2 are connected through the connecting blocks 4. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the number of the connecting blocks 3 is three, the structures are identical, the connecting blocks are cubes made of plastic materials, the length, the width and the thickness of the cubes are=25 mm, the length, the width and the thickness of the cubes are×25mm, the sides of the cubes are provided with two rows of rectangular inserting rule holes with the width, the height and the height of the cubes being=11 mm and 5mm in the directions perpendicular to each other, a vertical through-nail hole with the diameter of 2.5mm is formed in the middle of the plane of the cubes, and an M2 stainless steel nut is inlaid at one end of the vertical through-nail hole. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the connecting block 3 is disposed at the junction of the transverse main scale 1, the longitudinal main scale 2, the auxiliary scale 3 and the longitudinal main scale 2 for connecting the intersecting scale bars.
As shown in FIG. 11, the number of the movable end clamps 5 is four, the structures are completely the same, each structure is made of a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm, a rectangular through hole with the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 11mm multiplied by 5mm is arranged at the upper part, a quadrangular pyramid body with the height larger than or equal to 20mm is arranged at the lower part, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid body is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid body are inclined, and the four sides are intersected in pairs and are intersected at the bottom cone tip. A screw hole with the diameter of 3mm is arranged in the middle of the top of the movable end clamp 5, and a stainless steel nut of M2 is adhered to the screw hole part by a metal adhesive. The four movable end clamps 5 are respectively arranged at the positions of r scale marks at the two ends of the transverse main scale 1 and the two ends of the longitudinal main scale 2, and the positions can be adjusted according to the design pile diameter D of the engineering pile. When the pile diameter is measured, after the positions of r scale marks (r numerical value=d/2) at the two ends of the transverse main scale 1 and the two ends of the longitudinal main scale 2 are adjusted by the movable end clamps 5, stainless steel nuts on screw holes are rotated to fix the stainless steel nuts.
As shown in fig. 12, the number of the free end clamps 6 is two, the structures are completely the same, each of which is made of a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm, a rectangular through hole with the width of x height=11 mm x 5mm is arranged at the upper part, a quadrangular pyramid with the height of more than or equal to 20mm is arranged at the lower part, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid are inclined, and the four sides are intersected pairwise and intersected at the bottom cone tip. A round hole with the diameter of 3mm is arranged in the middle of the top of the free end clamp 6, and a stainless steel nut of M2 is bonded at the round hole part by metal adhesive. Two free end clamps 6 are provided on one side of the transverse main scale 1 and one side of the longitudinal main scale 2, respectively, and are movable along the ruler bar.
As shown in fig. 13, the number of the fixing end clamps 7 is four, the structures are completely the same, each fixing end clamp is made of a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm, a rectangular through hole with the width of x height=11 mm x 5mm is arranged at the upper part, a quadrangular pyramid is arranged at the lower part, the quadrangular pyramid is 14mm, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side of the quadrangular pyramid are inclined, and the four sides are intersected in pairs and are intersected at the bottom cone tip. A screw hole with the diameter of 3mm is arranged in the middle of the top of the fixed end clamp 7, and a stainless steel nut of M2 is adhered to the screw hole part by a metal adhesive. The four fixed end clamps 7 are respectively arranged at the positions of zero graduation marks at the two ends of the two auxiliary scales 3.
The number of the fixing screws 8 is one, stainless steel round head screws with the specification of M2 and the length of 25mm are adopted and are used for fixing the transverse main scale 1, the longitudinal main scale 2 and the connecting block 4 on the connecting block 4 at the junction of the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2.
The number of the jackscrews 9 is eight, stainless steel jackscrews with the specification of M2 and the length of 10mm are adopted and are respectively used for the connecting block 4 at the junction of the auxiliary ruler 3 and the longitudinal main ruler 2, the free end clamps 6 and the movable end clamps 5.
When the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 are assembled, the connecting block 4 is horizontally arranged, and the screw penetrating hole end nut is positioned at the bottom; the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 respectively penetrate through the upper row and the lower row of inserting scale holes of the connecting block 4, so that round holes in the middles of the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 coincide with vertical nail penetrating holes in the connecting block 4; the fixing screw 8 is inserted from a penetrating nail eyelet at the top of the connecting block 4, and sequentially penetrates through round holes on the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 to enter nuts at the bottom of the connecting block 4 for tightening. At this time, the transverse main scale 1 is perpendicular to the plane of the longitudinal main scale 2.
When the auxiliary scales 3 are installed, the two auxiliary scales 3 are installed on the longitudinal main scales 2 on two sides of the transverse main scale, and the two auxiliary scales 3 are perpendicular to the longitudinal main scales 2 and are connected with the longitudinal main scales 2 through the connecting blocks 4. The lower row of inserting rule holes of the connecting block 4 (the through-hole end nuts are positioned at the top) are sleeved on the longitudinal main rule 2, the auxiliary rule 3 passes through the upper row of inserting rules Kong Jiuwei of the connecting block 4, and the upper jackscrews 9 are arranged in the through-hole end nuts of the connecting block 4.
The free end clamps 6 are arranged on one side of the transverse main scale 1 and one side of the longitudinal main scale 2 respectively when being installed. When in installation, the vertical surface of the free end clamp 6 faces to the inner side, the rectangular hole at the upper part of the free end clamp is sleeved on the ruler rods of the transverse main ruler 1 and the longitudinal main ruler 2, and the top nut is internally provided with a jackscrew 9.
When the movable end clamps 5 are installed, the positions of r scale marks at the two ends of the transverse main scale 1 and the two ends of the longitudinal main scale 2 can be adjusted according to the pile diameter D of the engineering pile. When measuring the pile diameter, after the positions of r scale marks (r numerical value=d/2) at both ends of the transverse main scale 1 and both ends of the longitudinal main scale 2 are adjusted by the movable end clamps 5, jackscrews 9 are arranged in screw holes and rotated into stainless steel nuts of the screw holes to fix the screw holes.
When the fixed end clamp 7 is installed, the fixed end clamp 7 is arranged at two ends of the auxiliary ruler 3, the vertical surface of the fixed end clamp 7 faces to the inner side, the rectangular hole at the upper part of the fixed end clamp is sleeved on the ruler rod of the auxiliary ruler 3 in a penetrating manner, the vertical surface is aligned with zero graduation marks of the auxiliary ruler 3, and screws are screwed into corresponding screw holes at the top of the fixed end clamp 7 and on the auxiliary ruler 3 for fixation.
A simple measuring tool for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation in the embodiment has the following processing procedures:
1) Fabrication of
(1) Processing a transverse main ruler 1, a longitudinal main ruler 2 and a secondary ruler 3: cutting and blanking on a plate shearing machine by adopting a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 4 mm. The transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 have the same structure, the length is 900mm, and the width is 10m; the top surface is carved with 2 rows of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the ruler, 0 point is arranged in the middle of the ruler, and scale values of 0-400 mm are marked at two ends respectively. And round holes with the diameter of 2mm are drilled in the middle parts of the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2. The number of the auxiliary scales 3 is two, the length is 550mm, and the width is 10mm; the top surface is carved with 2 lines of scale marks taking millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the scale, the scale range is 0-400 mm, the scale directions of the two lines of scale marks are opposite, and one line of zero scale marks is aligned with the 400mm scale marks of the other line. Screw hole threading is drilled at the position of the fixed end clamp 7 installed outside the scale marks at the two ends of the auxiliary ruler 3, and the distance between the center of the screw hole and the scale marks at the ruler end=1/2 of the width of the top plate of the fixed end clamp 7 along the length direction of the ruler.
(2) And (4) processing a connecting block 4: the number of the rectangular inserting ruler holes is three, namely a cube with length, width and thickness of 25mm, 25mm and 25mm, an upper row of rectangular inserting ruler holes and a lower row of rectangular inserting ruler holes with width, height of 11mm and 5mm are transversely arranged at the middle of the side faces in the mutually perpendicular direction, and the distances between the inserting ruler holes and the top and bottom surfaces of the connecting block 4 and the distances between the inserting ruler holes and the inserting ruler holes are all 5mm. A vertical nailing hole with the diameter of 2.5mm is formed in the center of the plane of the connecting block 4, an M2 stainless steel nut is inlaid at one end of the nailing hole, and the exposed surface of the nut is flush with the surface of the connecting block 4. The connecting block 4 is made of plastic material and is entrusted with customization.
(3) Processing the movable end clamp 5 and the fixed end clamp 7: the number of the stainless steel plates is four, and the stainless steel plates are processed by stainless steel plates with the thickness of 2 mm. Wherein, the screw hole is bored in the middle of fixed end card 7 top, and a diameter is a round hole of 3mm is bored in the middle of movable end card 5 top to a M2 stainless steel nut is stuck with the metal adhesive in hole position.
(4) Free end clamp 6 processing: the number of the stainless steel plates is two, and the stainless steel plates with the thickness of 2mm are adopted for sheet metal processing. A round hole with the diameter of 3mm is drilled in the middle of the top of the free end clamp 6, and an M2 stainless steel nut is bonded at the hole part by using a metal adhesive.
(5) Fixing screw 8: the number of the screws is 1, and M2 round head screws are purchased, and the length of the screws is 25mm.
(6) Jackscrew 9: the number of the stainless steel jackscrews is 8, the specification is M2, and the length is 10mm.
2) Assembly
The method comprises the following steps:
a connecting block 4 at the joint of the horizontal main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 is horizontally arranged, so that a through-nail hole end nut is positioned at the bottom;
the longitudinal main scale 2 passes through the lower row of inserting scale holes of the connecting block 4, and the positions are adjusted to enable the round holes in the middle of the scales to coincide with the through nail holes on the connecting block 4;
the transverse main scale 1 passes through the row of inserting scale holes on the connecting block 4, and the positions are adjusted to enable the round holes in the middle of the scale to coincide with the through nail holes on the connecting block 4;
the fixing screw 8 is inserted from a penetrating screw hole at the top of the connecting block 4, and passes through round holes on the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 to enter nuts at the bottom of the connecting block 4 for tightening;
respectively penetrating the lower row of inserting rule holes of the connecting blocks 4 (punched by the screw penetrating hole end nuts) for connecting the auxiliary rule 3 from two ends of the longitudinal main rule 2, and sleeving the lower row of inserting rule holes on the longitudinal main rule 2 sections positioned at two sides of the transverse main rule 1;
the auxiliary ruler 3 passes through the upper row of inserting rules Kong Jiuwei of the connecting block 4, and a jackscrew 9 is arranged in a nut at the end of a penetrating nail hole of the connecting block 4;
the free end clamps 6 are respectively arranged on one side of the longitudinal main scale 2 and one side of the transverse main scale 1, and the tops of the free end clamps 6 are fixed by jackscrews 9.
The movable end clamps 5 are arranged at the two ends of the longitudinal main ruler 2 and the two ends of the transverse main ruler 1, when in installation, the vertical surface of the movable end clamps 5 faces to the inner side, the rectangular holes at the upper part are sleeved on the ruler rod in a penetrating way, and the top nuts are internally provided with jackscrews 9;
the fixed end clamps 7 are arranged at the two ends of the auxiliary ruler 3, the vertical surfaces face to the inner side during installation, the rectangular holes at the upper part are sleeved on the ruler rod in a penetrating mode, the vertical surfaces are aligned with zero scale marks of the auxiliary ruler 3, and screws are screwed into corresponding screw holes at the tops of the fixed end clamps 7 and on the auxiliary ruler 3 for fixation.
As shown in fig. 14, the measuring method based on the measuring tool for detecting the deviation of pile diameter from pile position comprises the following specific steps:
step one: a design center point is projected and tested on the pile top surface, and a cross center line is designed in a bullet mode;
step two: placing the measuring tool on the top surface of the pile so that the longitudinal main scale 2 is approximately parallel to the longitudinal line of the designed cross center line (at the moment, the transverse main scale 1 is naturally parallel to the transverse line of the designed cross center line);
step three: the measuring tool is moved in parallel from front to back and from left to right to adjust the rule position until the movable end clamps 5 at one end of the transverse main rule 1 and one end of the longitudinal main rule 2 are respectively abutted to one end of the pile edge, and the free end clamps 6 at the other end are respectively abutted to the other end of the pile edge. The reading of the junction of the inner side of the free end clamp 6 on the transverse main scale 1 and the transverse main scale 1 is a, and the radius of the actual measured pile is as follows: (a+r)/2; the reading of the junction between the inner side of the free end clamp 6 on the longitudinal main scale 2 and the longitudinal main scale 2 is b, and the radius of the actual measured pile is: (b+r)/2. (wherein a and b are readings at the free end clamps 6 respectively, and r is the design radius of the engineering pile);
step four: moving a secondary ruler 3 (by moving a connecting block 4 at the joint of the secondary ruler 3 and the longitudinal main ruler 1) between the transverse main ruler 2 and the designed cross center line transverse line along the longitudinal main ruler 1 to the position of the cross center line transverse line and overlapping the two; reading a scale value m of the inner side of a connecting block 4 at the junction of the auxiliary scale 3 and the longitudinal main scale 2 intersecting on the longitudinal main scale 2;
step five: traversing the auxiliary ruler 3 along the direction of the transverse main ruler 1 until the bottom cone tip of the fixed end clamp 7 at one end of the auxiliary ruler is aligned with the longitudinal line of the cross center line, and screwing the jackscrew 9 on the connecting block 4 of the auxiliary ruler 3; reading the joint of the auxiliary ruler 3 and the connecting block 4, and the scale value n on the auxiliary ruler 3;
step six: calculating pile diameter deviation: designing a pile diameter D, wherein the designed pile radius r=D/2, the actually measured transverse pile radius is (a+r)/2, and the actually measured longitudinal pile radius is (b+r)/2; obtaining: lateral pile diameter deviation = design pile diameter-actual pile diameter = r-a, longitudinal pile diameter deviation = design pile diameter-actual pile diameter = r-b;
step seven: reading a scale value m of the inner side of the connecting block 4 at the junction of the auxiliary ruler 3 and the longitudinal main ruler 2 intersecting with the longitudinal main ruler 2, and increasing half (12.5 mm) of the length of the connecting block 4 as the size of the connecting block 4 is 25mm by 25mm, namely, a pile position longitudinal deviation value alpha=m+12.5 mm;
step eight: and reading a scale value n of the right side of the connecting block at the junction of the auxiliary ruler 3 and the longitudinal main ruler 2, which is intersected on the auxiliary ruler 3, wherein the dimension of the connecting block is 25mm by 25mm, and half (12.5 mm) of the length of the connecting block is increased, namely the pile position transverse deviation value beta=n+12.5mm.
From the above, it can be seen that the measuring tool and the measuring method for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position of the present invention have the following advantages:
1) Meanwhile, the pile diameter and pile position deviation detection function is realized, and the pile diameter and pile position deviation can be synchronously and rapidly detected;
2) The transverse main rule 1 and the longitudinal main rule 2 are arranged in the mutually perpendicular directions, and two direction deviation detection can be simultaneously carried out by one-time rule arrangement, so that multi-step operation is integrated in one step;
3) The pile position deviation in two mutually perpendicular directions is measured simultaneously by adjusting the longitudinal and transverse positions of the auxiliary ruler 3;
4) The free end clamps 6 on the transverse main scale 1 and the longitudinal main scale 2 can be adjusted in position to meet the inspection requirements of piles with various section sizes, and meanwhile, the free end clamps 6 play a role of a fixed detection tool to ensure the stability of the construction and measurement process;
5) The free end clamp 6 and the fixed end clamp 7 directly reflect the measured data to the ruler, so that the reality and the accuracy are ensured;
6) The detection tool has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, convenient use and maintenance, and convenient storage and preservation due to the adoption of the combination type.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative, not restrictive, and many changes may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims, which are to be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The measuring tool for detecting the deviation of the pile diameter and the pile position is characterized by comprising a transverse main scale and a longitudinal main scale which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale are intersected with each other at a central point and are fixedly connected; two auxiliary scales are arranged on the longitudinal main scales at two sides of the transverse main scale, are perpendicular to the longitudinal main scales and can move along the longitudinal main scales and fix positions;
the two ends of the transverse main scale and the positions of r scale marks at the two ends of the longitudinal main scale are respectively provided with movable end clamps, and the two groups of movable end clamps can respectively move along the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale and fix the positions; r value=d/2, D being the engineering pile diameter;
free end clamps are respectively arranged at one end of the transverse main ruler and one end of the longitudinal main ruler, and the two free end clamps can respectively move along the transverse main ruler and the longitudinal main ruler and fix positions;
fixed end clamps are respectively arranged at two ends of the auxiliary ruler, and are fixed at positions of zero graduation marks at two ends of the auxiliary ruler;
the lateral main rule and the longitudinal main rule are connected through a connecting block, and an upper row of inserting rule holes and a lower row of inserting rule holes are formed in the side face of the connecting block in the direction perpendicular to each other and are respectively used for penetrating the lateral main rule and the longitudinal main rule; the connecting block connected with the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale is provided with a fixing screw and a nut which are used for fixedly connecting the transverse main scale, the longitudinal main scale and the connecting block;
the auxiliary ruler is connected with the longitudinal main ruler through a connecting block, and an upper row of ruler inserting holes and a lower row of ruler inserting holes are formed in the side face of the connecting block in the direction perpendicular to each other and are respectively used for penetrating through the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler; and a jackscrew for fixing the position of the auxiliary ruler is arranged on a connecting block connected with the longitudinal main ruler.
2. The measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to claim 1, wherein the transverse main scale and the longitudinal main scale are respectively carved with two rows of graduation marks with millimeter as a unit along the length direction of the scale, 0 points of the graduation marks of the two rows are respectively arranged in the middle of the scale, and 0-dmm graduation values are respectively marked at two ends of the scale, and d=300-500.
3. The measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary scale is carved with two rows of graduation marks in millimeter along the length direction of the scale, the scale ranges of the two rows of graduation marks are 0-dmm, the arrangement directions of the two rows of graduation marks are opposite, and one row of zero graduation marks is aligned with the dmm graduation mark of the other row.
4. The measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the movable end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the transverse main rule or the longitudinal main rule, the lower part is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side are inclined, and the four sides are intersected pairwise and intersected with the bottom cone tip; the vertical surface of the movable end clamp faces to the inner side during installation; the top of the movable end clamp is provided with a jackscrew for fixing the movable end clamp on the transverse main scale or the longitudinal main scale.
5. The measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the free end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the transverse main ruler or the longitudinal main ruler, the lower part is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side are inclined, and the four sides are intersected pairwise and intersected with the bottom cone tip; the vertical surface of the free end clamp faces to the inner side during installation; the top of the free end clamp is provided with a jackscrew for fixing the free end clamp on the transverse main scale or the longitudinal main scale.
6. The measuring tool for detecting deviation of pile diameter and pile position according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the fixed end clamp is provided with a rectangular through hole for passing through the auxiliary ruler, the lower part is a quadrangular pyramid, the front side of the quadrangular pyramid is a vertical surface, the left side, the right side and the back side are inclined, and the four sides are intersected two by two and intersect at the bottom cone tip; the vertical surface of the fixed end clamp faces to the inner side during installation, and the vertical surface is aligned with the zero scale line of the auxiliary ruler; the top of the fixed end clamp is provided with a screw used for fixing the fixed end clamp on the auxiliary ruler.
7. A measuring method based on a measuring tool for detecting pile diameter and pile position deviation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by the following steps:
(1) A design center point is projected and tested on the pile top surface, and a cross center line is designed in a bullet mode;
(2) Placing the measuring tool on the top surface of the pile so that the longitudinal main ruler is parallel to the longitudinal line of the designed cross center line and the transverse main ruler is parallel to the transverse line of the designed cross center line;
(3) The measuring tool is moved in parallel to the front, back, left and right, the ruler positions are adjusted until the movable end clamps at one end of the transverse main ruler and one end of the longitudinal main ruler are respectively abutted with one end of the pile edge, and the free end clamps at the other end are respectively abutted with the other end of the pile edge;
reading a at the joint of the inner side of the free end clamp on the transverse main scale and the transverse main scale, namely, the radius of the measured pile is (a+r)/2; the reading of the joint of the inner side of the free end clamp on the longitudinal main ruler and the longitudinal main ruler is b, namely the radius of the measured pile is (b+r)/2;
(4) Moving the auxiliary ruler between the transverse main ruler and the designed cross center line transverse line along the longitudinal main ruler to the position of the cross center line transverse line and enabling the transverse main ruler and the designed cross center line transverse line to coincide; reading a scale value m intersecting the longitudinal main scale at the intersection of the auxiliary scale and the longitudinal main scale;
(5) Traversing the auxiliary ruler along the direction of the transverse main ruler until the fixed end clamp at one end of the auxiliary ruler is aligned with the longitudinal line of the cross center line, and reading a scale value n intersected on the auxiliary ruler at the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler;
(6) Calculating pile diameter deviation: transverse pile diameter deviation=r-a, longitudinal pile diameter deviation=r-b;
(7) Calculating pile position deviation: pile longitudinal deviation value α=m+j; pile position lateral deviation value beta=n+j; and j is the distance between the edge of the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler and the midpoint of the intersection of the auxiliary ruler and the longitudinal main ruler.
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