CN109882601B - Air gun head for underwater high-pressure air ice breaking experiment - Google Patents
Air gun head for underwater high-pressure air ice breaking experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109882601B CN109882601B CN201910229128.8A CN201910229128A CN109882601B CN 109882601 B CN109882601 B CN 109882601B CN 201910229128 A CN201910229128 A CN 201910229128A CN 109882601 B CN109882601 B CN 109882601B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ship and ocean engineering experiments, is mainly applied to fluid-solid coupling experimental research of high-pressure gas load ice breaking, and particularly relates to an air gun head for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment. The invention overcomes the defect that the gun head adopted in the traditional method can only generate upward high-pressure airflow (columnar high-pressure gas) to directly impact the ice surface, and the invention can generate spheroidal underwater high-pressure bubbles when the gas is sprayed out by the design of the annular gas outlet of the gun head, and the kinetic energy and the impact force which directly point to the ice surface when the high-pressure gas is sprayed out are completely offset by the material flying disc and the limiter under the action of the material flying disc and the height limiter. The invention has simple structure, low cost, safe and convenient operation, plug and play, good practicability and wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship and ocean engineering experiments, is mainly applied to fluid-solid coupling experimental research of high-pressure gas load ice breaking, and particularly relates to an air gun head for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment.
Background
With the increasing temperature of arctic channels and polar resource development, the demand for new ice breaking technology is increasing. The traditional ice breaking mode does not depend on a firm hull structure and strong propelling capacity, takes a flushing system and a rapid side-tipping system as assistance, and crushes ice blocks violently by power and dead weight through direct contact with an ice layer. The high-pressure air is compressed as much as possible during working, then the high-pressure air is emitted to the ice, and the high-pressure air expands rapidly under the water and releases energy to cause explosion to generate shock waves and cavitation jet flow, so that the ice structure is continuously damaged. The high-pressure gas ice breaking technology is an efficient and superior ice breaking mode, can improve the economy of shipping, and also has non-trivial effects on energy conservation, emission reduction and greenhouse effect inhibition.
The mechanism of action of the high pressure bubble is as follows: the high pressure bubbles begin to expand rapidly in the water under the push of the internal high pressure gas. As the gas within the bubble gradually expands, the pressure and temperature inside the bubble begin to gradually decrease. And the bubble can be excessively expanded under the action of water inertia, so that the internal pressure of the bubble is lower than the surrounding reference pressure, the expansion of the bubble is stopped by the negative pressure difference on the surface of the bubble, and then the radius of the bubble reaches the maximum value. Subsequently, the bubble begins to shrink and collapse. The entire process of collapse is due to the internal pressure of the bubble being lower than the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the bubble. This process continues until the internal pressure of the bubble increases to a point where it stops above the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding atmosphere (inertial effect). When the bubble collapses to the minimum radius, pressure waves are generated due to the fact that the internal pressure of the bubble is far greater than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, or pressure pulses are generated, and serious damage to the ice surface is caused
The fluid-solid coupling problem in the process is researched through a high-pressure gas ice breaking mechanism experiment, a reasonable pressure load and ice layer damage mode is obtained, and the method has important engineering application significance and scientific theoretical value for improving the structural design level and the navigation safety of the icebreaking ship type.
In the high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment, the quick release and the shape control of a high-pressure gas source are two major keys. In the existing underwater high-pressure gas experiment technology, patent application No. 201811168678.5, namely 'a pneumatic type underwater high-pressure bubble source', three electromagnetic valves are adopted to release high-pressure gas in a linkage control mode to serve as a gas source, the structure of the gas gun is complex, the influence of the appearance of the gas gun on the shape of bubbles formed by the high-pressure gas is not considered, and meanwhile, the head of the gas gun is not processed, so that the shape of the bubbles required by the experiment is difficult to generate. The existing gas ice breaking experimental device has many defects:
(1) the explosive is used as a gas source, and high-pressure gas is released by underwater ignition, so that the explosive has certain danger, is high in experiment cost and operation difficulty, and is not beneficial to developing repeated experiments;
(2) electric sparks are used as an air source to generate underwater high-pressure bubbles, bubbles with larger sizes are difficult to generate due to voltage limitation, and potential safety hazards can also exist due to overhigh experimental voltage;
(3) a high-pressure air gun is used as an air source, the appearance and the gun head of the air gun are less considered, an ideal underwater bubble shape is difficult to generate, and adverse effects are generated on the measurement and utilization of an experimental result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air gun head for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment, which can generate underwater high-pressure bubbles with a preset shape.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gas gun head for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment comprises a gun barrel, a flying disc and a positioning rod; the flying disc is arranged at the air outlet port of the gun barrel, the bottom of the flying disc is a spherical surface, and a pipe orifice at the air outlet end of the gun barrel is matched with the bottom of the flying disc; the positioning rod penetrates through the flying disc, one end of the positioning rod is provided with a positioner, and the other end of the positioning rod is provided with a height limiter; the cross section of the locator is circular and provided with a hole, and the locator is fixed on the inner wall of the gun barrel; the height limiter is connected with the flying disc through a return spring.
The present invention may further comprise:
the locator is opened three fan-shaped holes with equal area around the centre of a circle of its cross section.
The flying disc is made of high polymer materials, and the limit compression distance of a return spring between the flying disc and the height limiter is 3/4 of the distance between the initial flying disc and the height limiter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the air gun head for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment overcomes the defects of the conventional underwater high-pressure gas source experiment, the gun head adopted in the traditional method only can generate upward high-pressure gas flow (columnar high-pressure gas) to directly impact the ice surface, the ring breaking capacity generated by the high-pressure gas during the ice breaking experiment by adopting the method cannot be analyzed, and more initial kinetic energy and impact force are generated when the high-pressure gas is sprayed. The spherical high-pressure bubbles are difficult to form in the traditional method, the device can generate the spherical underwater high-pressure bubbles through the design of the annular air outlet of the gun head, and the kinetic energy and the impact force which directly point to the ice surface when the high-pressure air is sprayed are completely offset by the material flying disc and the stopper under the action of the material flying disc and the height stopper, so that the damage effect on the ice surface is completely caused by the high-pressure bubbles, and the damage capability of the high-pressure bubbles on the ice surface can be verified. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, safe and convenient operation, plug and play, good practicability and wide applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention in a sealed state.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention in a released state.
Fig. 3(a) is a schematic view of high-pressure bubbles under water generated by a conventional lance tip.
Fig. 3(b) is a schematic view of the underwater high-pressure bubble generated by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the underwater high pressure bubble produced by the present invention recorded by a high speed camera.
Fig. 5 is a front view of an air gun apparatus incorporating the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of an air gun apparatus employing the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experimental device adopting the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: a gas gun head for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment comprises a gun head shell 15, a triangular positioner 16, a positioning rod 17, a high polymer material flying disc 18, a return spring 19 and a height limiter 20; the lower portion of the gun head shell 15 is provided with threads and used for being connected with a main body of an air gun device, an inner concave platform is arranged on the inner side of the lower end of the gun head shell 15 and used for mounting a triangular positioner 16, a positioning rod 17 is welded in the center of the triangular positioner 16, a height limiter 20 is mounted at the other end of the positioning rod 17, a high polymer material flying disc 18 penetrates through the positioning rod 17 and is connected with the height limiter 20 through a reset spring 19 of initial compression, and the lower end of the high polymer material flying disc 18 and the upper end of the gun head shell 15 are sealed under the extrusion of the reset spring 19.
The cross section of the triangular positioner 16 is circular, and three fan-shaped holes with equal areas are formed around the center of the circular circle. The limit compression distance of the return spring 19 between the high polymer material flying disc 18 and the height limiter 20 is 3/4 of the distance between the initial flying disc and the height limiter.
When the experiment is started, high-pressure gas enters from the lower end of the gun head shell 15 and then passes through an opening in the middle of the triangular positioner 16, the high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of the return spring 19, the high-pressure gas is released into water, and spheroidal bubbles are generated, as shown in fig. 4. When the high-pressure gas is released, the polymer material flying disc 18 moves downwards rapidly under the compression force of the return spring 19, and is sealed with the gun head shell 15 to prevent water from flowing backwards into the gun head.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), unlike the columnar jet flow generated by the conventional gun head, the bubble generated by the present invention is a spherical bubble, and the generated bubble can be made to be closer to a spherical shape by adjusting the angle of the high molecular flying disc. As shown in fig. 3(b), the bubble ejected from the tip expands from a ring shape into a spherical shape.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the air gun device using the gun head of the present invention mainly comprises a compression cylinder 1, an electromagnetic valve 2 and a gun head 3, wherein the compression cylinder 1 and the electromagnetic valve 2 are fastened by threaded connection, and the gun head 3 of the air gun is installed between the two; the compression cylinder 1 is composed of a pressure-resistant shell 4, a cylinder adjusting rod 5, a cylinder adjusting valve 6 and a high-pressure gas interface 7, and the electromagnetic valve 2 is composed of a steel shell 8, a sealing piston 9, a transmission connecting rod 10, a piston return spring 11, an electromagnetic coil 12, an electromagnetic piston 13 and a cable interface 14.
The shell 4 of the compression cylinder 1 is made of pressure-resistant materials, a high-pressure gas interface 7 is installed on the side edge of the shell and used for conveying high-pressure gas, the inner wall of the shell of the compression cylinder is in threaded connection with the cylinder regulating valve 6, a plurality of gears are arranged on the inner wall of the compression cylinder, and the volume of the compression cylinder 1 can be adjusted from the cylinder regulating valve 6 to different gears through the cylinder regulating rod 5; the bottom of the electromagnetic valve 2 is provided with a cable interface 14 for power supply and control of the electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic coil 12 and the electromagnetic piston 13 form an active moving part, the sealing piston 9 is driven to move up and down through the transmission connecting rod 10, high-pressure gas is quickly released, and the piston return spring 11 is used for returning and sealing the sealing piston after each experiment.
The working engineering of the air gun device is as follows: high-pressure gas with preset pressure is conveyed into a compression cylinder 1 with a set volume through a high-pressure gas interface 7, then an electromagnetic valve 2 is started, an electromagnetic piston 13 moves upwards under the action of an electromagnetic coil 12 and drives a sealing piston 9 to move upwards through a transmission connecting rod 10, the high-pressure gas is released from the compression cylinder 1 instantly and enters from the lower end of a gun head shell 15, then passes through an opening in the middle of a triangular positioner 16, a high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of a return spring 19, the high-pressure gas is quickly released into water, and bubbles with preset shapes are generated; when the electromagnetic valve 2 is electrified, the electromagnetic coil 12 is deactivated, the electromagnetic piston 13 moves downwards under the action of the piston return spring 11, and the sealing piston 9 is driven to move downwards through the transmission connecting rod 10, so that the compression cylinder 1 is sealed again. After the high-pressure gas is released, the high-molecular material flying disc 18 rapidly moves downwards under the compression force of the return spring 19, and is sealed with the gun head shell 15 to prevent water from flowing backwards into the gun head
Example 2:
FIG. 7 shows an experimental apparatus for breaking ice by underwater high-pressure gas, which comprises an air compressor 34, a high-pressure air tank 32, an air gun device 27, a data acquisition system 31, a water tank side illumination device 23, a water tank bottom illumination device 28, a transparent water tank 22 and corresponding devices, wherein the air compressor 34, the high-pressure air tank 32 and the air gun device 27 are connected by high-pressure gas transmission pipelines 33 to ensure the safe transmission of the high-pressure gas, then the air gun device 27 ejects the high-pressure gas in an air gun cylinder from an air gun head 3 under the control of an electromagnetic valve, because the special structure of the head forms annular ejection, spherical high-pressure bubbles are finally formed, in the experimental process, 2 light sources are selected to polish the high-pressure bubbles 25 and the ice surface 24 at the side and the bottom of the transparent water tank 22 respectively, and the thickness of the ice surface in the experimental process is 0-100mm, the light source passes through the shot object and then is reflected to the lens of the high-speed camera 30 by the mirror surface through the control of the angle of the mirror surface 21 and the angle control range of 0-90 degrees in the horizontal direction, and in order to ensure the definition of the shot object, two pieces of ground glass are adopted to disperse the light source between the light source and the shot object in the experimental process, so that the emitted light source is uniform.
The experimental process comprises the following steps:
1. in the experiment process, firstly, the air compressor 34 is adopted to compress air, then the high-pressure air is stored in the high-pressure air storage tank 32 through the high-pressure air transmission pipeline 33, the high-pressure air storage tank 32 can control the output air pressure, the control can be adjusted between 1 atmosphere and 50 atmosphere, and then the high-pressure air transmission pipeline 33 can transmit the high-pressure air to the air gun device.
2. Turning on the lighting device, polishing the high-pressure bubbles 25 and the ice surface 24 on the side and the bottom of the transparent water tank 22, putting the ice surface 24 into water, adjusting the position and the placing angle of the mirror surface 21 and the control range of the horizontal direction angle to be 0-90 degrees, and reflecting the light source to the lens of the high-speed camera 30 through the mirror surface after passing through the shot object.
3. The height of the ice surface 24 is adjusted, the adjusting range is the height of the transparent water tank 22, the lens is adjusted to enable observation to be clear, in order to guarantee the definition of a shot object, two pieces of ground glass are adopted to disperse a light source between the light source and the shot object in the experimental process, and the light source emitted by the light source is enabled to be uniform.
4. Then high-pressure gas with preset pressure is conveyed into a compression cylinder 1 with a set volume through a high-pressure gas interface 7, then an electromagnetic valve 2 is started, an electromagnetic piston 13 moves upwards under the action of an electromagnetic coil 12 and drives a sealing piston 9 to move upwards through a transmission connecting rod 10, the high-pressure gas is released from the compression cylinder 1 instantly and enters from the lower end of a gun head shell 15, then passes through an opening in the middle of a triangular positioner 16, a high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of a return spring 19, and the high-pressure gas is quickly released into water.
5. Due to the special structure of the gun head 3, annular jet is formed, and finally spherical high-pressure bubbles are formed, and the bubbles begin to rapidly expand in water under the push of internal high-pressure gas. As the gas within the bubble gradually expands, the pressure and temperature inside the bubble begin to gradually decrease. And the bubble can be excessively expanded under the action of water inertia, so that the internal pressure of the bubble is lower than the surrounding reference pressure, the expansion of the bubble is stopped by the negative pressure difference on the surface of the bubble, and then the radius of the bubble reaches the maximum value. Subsequently, the bubble begins to shrink and collapse. The entire process of collapse is due to the internal pressure of the bubble being lower than the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the bubble. This process continues until the internal pressure of the bubble increases to a point where it stops above the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding atmosphere (inertial effect). When the bubble collapses to a minimum radius, a pressure wave, otherwise known as a pressure pulse, is typically generated due to the internal pressure of the bubble being much greater than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, causing severe damage to the ice surface.
6. Meanwhile, the high-speed camera 30 records the process, in order to observe the synchronous change of the high-pressure bubbles and the ice surface at the same time, the side surface light source and the bottom surface light source are simultaneously started, and the mirror surface 21 is arranged, so that the change conditions of the high-pressure bubbles and the ice surface can be simultaneously observed in the high-speed camera 30.
7. After the experiment is completed, the data acquisition unit 31 is adopted to cooperate with video analysis software to acquire the data of the shot high-speed images. The data content mainly comprises the following parts of high-pressure bubble form images and ice surface crushing condition images
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a gas gun rifle head that is used for high-pressure gas to open ice experiment under water, includes the barrel, its characterized in that: the flying disc and the positioning rod are also included; the flying disc is arranged at the air outlet port of the gun barrel, the bottom of the flying disc is a spherical surface, and a pipe orifice at the air outlet end of the gun barrel is matched with the bottom of the flying disc; the positioning rod penetrates through the flying disc, one end of the positioning rod is provided with a positioner, and the other end of the positioning rod is provided with a height limiter; the cross section of the locator is circular and provided with a hole, and the locator is fixed on the inner wall of the gun barrel; the height limiter is connected with the flying disc through a return spring.
2. The air gun head for the underwater high-pressure air ice breaking experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the locator is opened three fan-shaped holes with equal area around the centre of a circle of its cross section.
3. The air gun head for the underwater high-pressure air ice breaking experiment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the flying disc is made of high polymer materials, and the limit compression distance of a return spring between the flying disc and the height limiter is 3/4 of the distance between the flying disc and the height limiter when the flying disc is in a closed initial state.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110470528A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of experimental provision for high-speed water jet ice-breaking experiment |
| CN113176069B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multi-stage transmission small-disturbance high-speed ice discharge test device and method |
| CN113513002B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater ice breaking system for high-speed revolving body |
| CN115092842B (en) * | 2022-06-05 | 2024-05-17 | 成远矿业开发股份有限公司 | High-pressure gas ice breaking device for blast holes in alpine region |
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| US3980094A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-09-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Quick action slide valve |
| CN2905357Y (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-05-30 | 唐金浩 | Air pick |
| CN102011382A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2011-04-13 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵科研三所 | Energy-gathering followup icebreaker and ice breaking method |
| CN106917392A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of bubble icebreaking method |
| CN109058563A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | High pressure bubble source under a kind of Pneumatic water |
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2019
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3980094A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-09-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Quick action slide valve |
| CN2905357Y (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-05-30 | 唐金浩 | Air pick |
| CN102011382A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2011-04-13 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵科研三所 | Energy-gathering followup icebreaker and ice breaking method |
| CN106917392A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of bubble icebreaking method |
| CN109058563A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | High pressure bubble source under a kind of Pneumatic water |
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