CN109881056B - High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 9.0 wt% -11.0 wt% of Si; 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of Mg; 0.5 to 0.8 weight percent of Mn; sr 50ppm-400 ppm; 1.0 wt% -3.0 wt% of Zn; re 0.05 wt% -0.35 wt%; fe w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al. The Al-Si-Mn-Mg series die-casting aluminum alloy is modified by adding the strengthening element Zn and adopting the Sr/rare earth composite modifier, the structure of the Al-Si-Mn-Mg series die-casting aluminum alloy is improved, the die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness with yield strength of 160MPa, tensile strength of 270MPa and elongation of 7 percent can be obtained in a die-casting non-heat treatment state, and the Al-Si-Mn-Mg series die-casting aluminum alloy has good die-casting performance, and greatly meets the application requirements of parts in the automobile industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Compared with the heavier materials in automobiles, such as steel or copper, aluminum has the characteristics of high strength, rigidity and weight ratio, good formability, good corrosion resistance, recycling potential and the like, so that the aluminum is an ideal choice for meeting the requirement of light weight of automobiles. The pressure casting technique is a casting technique commonly used for aluminum alloys in automobiles, and die-cast aluminum alloys are classified into Al-Si series, Al-Si-Mg series, Al-Si-Mn-Mg series, Al-Si-Cu series, Al-Mg series, Al-Zn series, and the like, according to the composition. In automobiles, the applications of die-cast aluminum alloys can be classified into the following four types according to functions: engines and auxiliary systems, power assemblies, interior and electronic products, chassis and body structures.
In recent years, in order to meet the market demand, the development of high-strength and high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloys has been receiving more attention, for example, Silafot-36 alloy (patent publication No.: US6364970B1) developed by Germany Rhein company has good mechanical properties. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.5 to 11.5 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of manganese, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of copper, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of magnesium, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of impurity and the amount of aluminum. However, the alloy needs to adopt high vacuum and heat treatment processes to obtain good mechanical properties, so that the whole process flow is lengthened, the cost consumption is high, and the percent of pass is low. The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation and die-casting process thereof under the background. On the premise of ensuring good casting performance, the aluminum alloy obtained by the method has good mechanical property, high toughness and high strength, and the aluminum alloy product has simple preparation method, high toughness and high strength. Thereby meeting the production requirements of automobile parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. On the premise of ensuring that the alloy has good die-casting performance, the die-casting piece in a non-heat treatment state can have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, thereby meeting the performance requirements of vehicle parts.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 9.0 wt% -11.0 wt%; mg: 0.1 wt% -0.5 wt%; mn: 0.5 wt% -0.8 wt%; sr: 50ppm to 400 ppm; zn: 1.0 wt% -3.0 wt%; RE: 0.05 wt% -0.35 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.12 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
In long-term research on die-casting aluminum alloy, the inventor of the invention finds that Zn serving as a strengthening element is added into the Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloy, and the microstructure is improved under the composite modification effect of Sr and rare earth elements, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy can obtain comprehensive mechanical properties with both high strength and high toughness.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy, pure zinc blocks, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy according to the weight ratio of alloy elements;
(2) smelting: firstly melting a pure aluminum ingot, then heating to 750-plus-800 ℃ to add industrial silicon, cooling to 720-plus-740 ℃ after melting, adding an aluminum-manganese alloy and an aluminum-rare earth alloy, cooling to 680-plus-700 ℃ after melting, protecting the melt, then adding pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy, and pressing the pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy into the bottom of a crucible for melting;
(3) refining: heating the melt in the step (2) to 710-720 ℃, adding a refining agent and stirring. After refining for 5-10min, removing slag, and standing for 10-20 min;
(4) die casting: carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 680-710 ℃;
preferably, step (1) further comprises drying the prepared raw materials.
Preferably, in step (2), the melt is protected by spreading a covering agent containing no Na ions and having a solvent density of <2.7g/cm3 on the surface of the melt.
Preferably, the step (2) further comprises the steps of standing after melting and stirring uniformly, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach the qualified range.
Preferably, in the step (3), the refining agent is a three-in-one refining agent.
Preferably, the three-in-one refining agent comprises NaCl, KCl and CaCl2。
Preferably, in the step (4), the slow injection speed and the fast injection speed adopted by the die casting are respectively 0.25m/s and 2 m/s.
Preferably, in the step (4), when the die casting aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is used for die casting production, the casting pressure range is 100-.
Compared with the existing die-casting aluminum alloy, the invention has the following advantages:
the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has important industrial application value, the mechanical property of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy can reach the yield strength of 160MPa, the tensile strength of 270MPa and the elongation of 7 percent, and the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy has good die-casting performance and greatly meets the performance requirements of automobile parts.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a SEM structure observation contrast diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy casting; wherein a is a microstructure (through-type eutectic silicon) corresponding to comparative example 2; b is a microstructure (dot-like, short rod-like eutectic silicon) corresponding to example 1; c is a microstructure (dot-like, short rod-like eutectic silicon) corresponding to example 2; d is a microstructure (fine dot-like, short rod-like eutectic silicon) corresponding to example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0.04 wt%; zn: 1.0 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy, pure zinc blocks, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting the weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding the weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding the aluminum-manganese alloy and the aluminum-rare earth alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding the pure magnesium, the pure zinc and the aluminum-strontium alloy, and pressing the pure magnesium, the pure zinc and the aluminum-strontium alloy into the bottom of the crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The injection speed is 2m/s and the casting pressure is 90 MPa. The die used in the production process is a die-casting test bar die.
Example 2
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0.04 wt%; zn: 1.5 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy, pure zinc blocks and aluminum-manganese alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum-manganese alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy, and pressing the pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy into the bottom of a crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The die casting parameters and die cast test bar were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0.04 percent; zn: 2.5 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy, aluminum-rare earth alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting the weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding the weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding the aluminum-manganese alloy and the aluminum-rare earth alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding the pure magnesium and the aluminum-strontium alloy, and pressing the pure magnesium and the aluminum-strontium alloy into the bottom of the crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The die casting parameters and die cast test bar were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0.04 percent; zn: 0 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding aluminum-manganese alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding pure magnesium, and pressing the pure magnesium into the bottom of the crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The die casting parameters and die cast test bar were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0 wt%; zn: 1.0 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding aluminum-manganese alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding pure magnesium, and pressing the pure magnesium into the bottom of the crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The die casting parameters and die cast test bar were the same as in example 1.
FIG. 1 is a SEM structure observation contrast diagram of a die-cast aluminum alloy casting; as can be seen from the figure, the microstructure corresponding to comparative example 2 was through eutectic silicon; the microstructure corresponding to the embodiment 2 is point-like, short rod-like eutectic silicon; the microstructure corresponding to the embodiment 3 is point-shaped and short-rod-shaped eutectic silicon; the microstructure corresponding to example 4 was fine dot-like, short rod-like eutectic silicon.
Comparative example 3
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10.0 wt%; mg: 0.3 wt%; mn: 0.6 wt%; sr: 0.04 wt%; zn: 1.5 wt%; RE: 0.1 wt%; fe: w (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.16 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) drying: preheating prepared raw materials of pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy to 200 ℃ for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: selecting a crucible resistance furnace for smelting, preheating the resistance furnace to 200 ℃, and then uniformly coating a coating on the inner wall of the crucible; after drying, firstly melting weighed pure aluminum, after the pure aluminum is melted, heating to 780 ℃, adding weighed industrial silicon, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 740 ℃, adding aluminum-manganese alloy, after the pure aluminum is melted, cooling to 680-700 ℃, spraying a covering agent on the surface of the melt, then adding pure magnesium, and pressing the pure magnesium into the bottom of the crucible for melting. Fully stirring after melting, standing, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting the component content of the alloy melt, and supplementing or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the components to reach a qualified range;
(3) refining: heating the melt with qualified alloy components to 720 ℃, adding three-in-one refining agent powder (the refining agent powder is wrapped by aluminum foil paper) accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the melt into the melt, refining for 10min, standing for 20min, performing a stokehole component analysis test, and performing high-pressure casting production at 690-700 ℃ after the components are qualified. The die casting parameters and die cast test bar were the same as in example 1.
TABLE 1 (mass fraction wt%)
| Group of | Si | Mg | Mn | Sr | Zn | RE |
| Comparative example 1 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| Example 1 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Example 2 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| Example 3 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 2.5 | 0.1 |
TABLE 2 die-cast aluminum alloy Properties
| Group of | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent |
| Comparative example 1 | 155.8 | 305.8 | 7.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 146.7 | 302.4 | 10.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 136.6 | 298.8 | 8.9 |
| Example 1 | 160.4 | 308.2 | 10.1 |
| Example 2 | 165.2 | 314.0 | 9.1 |
| Example 3 | 170.0 | 326.1 | 7.6 |
According to the data of each proportion and example in the tables 1 and 2, Zn is added into the die-casting aluminum alloy for reinforcement, and Sr and rare earth elements are used for carrying out composite modification, so that the mechanical property of the die-casting aluminum alloy is enhanced while good die-casting property is ensured. It can be seen from the structure photographs of the comparative examples and examples that the eutectic structure without Sr or rare earth elements added is relatively coarse and has a through-morphology distribution. And by introducing composite modification of Sr and rare earth elements, eutectic structures are refined, the form is improved, and the mechanical properties of the material are improved.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized in that the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 9.0% -11.0%; mg: 0.1% -0.5%; mn: 0.5% -0.8%; sr: 50ppm to 400 ppm; zn: 1.5% -3.0%; RE: 0.05% -0.35%; fe: less than or equal to 0.16wt percent; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al; the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is prepared by a method comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing materials: preparing pure aluminum ingots, industrial silicon, pure magnesium blocks, aluminum-strontium alloy, pure zinc blocks, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy according to the weight ratio of alloy elements;
(2) smelting: firstly melting a pure aluminum ingot, then heating to 750-plus-800 ℃ to add industrial silicon, cooling to 720-plus-740 ℃ after melting, adding an aluminum-manganese alloy and an aluminum-rare earth alloy, cooling to 680-plus-700 ℃ after melting, protecting the melt, then adding pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy, and pressing the pure magnesium, pure zinc and aluminum-strontium alloy into the bottom of a crucible for melting;
(3) refining: heating the melt in the step (2) to 710-720 ℃, removing slag after refining for 5-10min, and then standing for 10-20 min;
(4) die casting: and (4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 680-710 ℃ to obtain a die-casting piece in a non-heat treatment state, namely the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy.
2. The high strength and toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises drying the prepared raw material.
3. The high strength die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the melt is protected by scattering Na ion-free flux density on the surface of the melt<2.7g/cm3The covering agent of (1).
4. The high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the step of standing after melting and stirring uniformly, performing stokehole component analysis, detecting component content of the alloy melt, and feeding or diluting the melt with deviation in content to enable the component to reach a preset value is further included.
5. The high strength die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a three-in-one refining agent is used for refining.
6. The high strength die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the die-casting employs a slow shot velocity of 0.25m/s and a fast shot velocity of 2 m/s.
7. The high strength/toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the casting pressure range adopted in the die-casting production is 100-150 MPa.
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