CN109877430A - A method of the plasma arc gouge to be worked with pulsating direct current electric current - Google Patents
A method of the plasma arc gouge to be worked with pulsating direct current electric current Download PDFInfo
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- CN109877430A CN109877430A CN201910163117.4A CN201910163117A CN109877430A CN 109877430 A CN109877430 A CN 109877430A CN 201910163117 A CN201910163117 A CN 201910163117A CN 109877430 A CN109877430 A CN 109877430A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of plasma arc gouge with the work of pulsating direct current electric current, this method uses pulsating direct current electric current when carrying out planing operation to workpiece using plasma-arc plane torch, it is different from the conventional method of stable DC electric current power supply, this method, which is equivalent to, has carried out amplitude modulation to DC current, forms the powered by direct current of periodically pulsing.The advantages of this method is to improve 30% or more ploughing depth than conventional stable DC arc current method, and highest can achieve 50%；Planing, surface is smooth, and planing surface oxide layer substantially reduces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma-arc gouge technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of with the work of pulsating direct current electric current etc.
The method of ion arc gouge.
Background technique
Planing operation is carried out there are many method, such as to metal material: mechanical planing, oxygen fuel gouge, air carbon arc air gouging,
The methods of plasma arc gouge, technical field of the invention are plasma arc gouge.
The basic functional principle of plasma arc gouge is the metal that melted and blown off using high temperature plasma gas jet stream, tool
For body, plasma arc is formed between the electronegative electrode and positively charged workpiece in plane torch, and the plasma arc of high temperature is fast
Fast thawing metal, high-speed gas jet blow away molten metal material, form groove in surface of workpiece, complete to metal work
The planing operation of part.
Plasma arc gouge has many good qualities compared to other planing operation methods, such as: energy conservation and environmental protection, low flue dust, low noise,
Processing consistency is good, oxide layer is relatively thin etc..
The arc current of conventional plasma arc gouge uses stable DC current, exist in actual use it is some not
Foot, as: metal removal rate, ploughing depth it is limited；If it is deep to deepen planing by force by the speed of travel for reducing plane torch
If degree, the more serious oxide layer of surface formation of planing can be made due to generating excessively high temperature, and serious oxide layer is to rear
Continuous welding sequence is very unfavorable.Therefore the conventional plasma arc gouge using stable DC current is difficult to planing
Surface does not occur to realize deeper ploughing depth under the conditions of severe oxidation, it is also possible that saying, conventional plasma arc gouge is difficult
Severe oxidation does not occur to take into account ploughing depth and planing surface.
When using plasma arc gouge to workpiece planing operation, it is desirable to have deep ploughing depth enough, while requiring to dig
It cuts surface and severe oxidation does not occur, the two needs combine, therefore the precondition of severe oxidation does not occur on planing surface
Under ploughing depth become the important indicator for measuring planing operation performance, it is deep that planing is promoted under same average arc current condition
Degree can be improved processing efficiency, using electricity wisely, reduce dust total amount, reduces environmental pollution, therefore in same average arc electric current
Under the conditions of promoted ploughing depth be of great significance.
There is presently no the patents or document in terms of the plasma arc gouge retrieved using the work of pulsating direct current electric current.
Patent in terms of impulse plasma arc or pulse current plasma, such as: notification number CNCN101138806
" Superaudio impulse plasma arc cutting method and device ", which is ion arc cutting, super using 20-80KHz
Acoustic pulse, in a manner of high frequency electric source and DC current source parallel coupled, effect can accelerate cutting speed.The patent application
Field is plasma cut, is not directed to plasma arc gouge, therefore the patent does not conflict with the present invention.
Patent in terms of impulse plasma arc or pulse current plasma, such as: notification number CN102574236A
" by means of the method for plasma cutting machines and pulse current plasma cut workpiece ", which cuts for ion arc
It cuts.Method one: modulating frequency 30-500Hz, particularly preferred 55-400Hz, modulation amplitude 5%-70%, preferably 10%- are used
50%.Duty ratio 0.1-0.9, preferably 0.3-0.7.Method two: modulating frequency 0.1-30Hz, preferably 0.1-20Hz, tImin are used
Or tImax is less than the 25% of period, preferably tImin or tImax are less than the 15% of the period.The pulse of illustration method two is long week
Phase, short pulse.The purpose and effect of the invention are to improve electrode life.The patent application field is plasma cut, is not directed to
Plasma gouge, therefore the patent does not conflict with the present invention.
Patent in terms of impulse plasma arc or pulse current plasma, such as: notification number CN203791821U
" a kind of novel high-frequency pulse plasma cutting power supply ", which is ion arc cutting, using on Setting signal
It is superimposed square wave and forms high frequency square wave pulse current, effect is to slow down the scaling loss of electrode and nozzle.The patent application field be it is equal from
Son cutting is not directed to plasma arc gouge, therefore the patent does not conflict with the present invention.
Patent in terms of impulse plasma arc or pulse current plasma, such as: notification number CN207593028U
" a kind of high-frequency impulse circuit of Plasma Are Cutting Machine ", the patent application field are ion arc cutting, and method is made using MCU
High-frequency switches the duty ratio of PWM chip between high and low, forms modulating frequency more higher than 5KHz, and waveform is high frequency side
Wave, effect are to improve the stiffness and stability of electric arc, improve cut quality and efficiency.The patent application field is cut for plasma
It cuts, is not directed to plasma gouge, pulse frequency is also different from the present invention.
About patent CN201610283528 " a kind of electrolyte plasma polishing power-supply system and its control method ", it is
The metal works being immersed in electrolyte solution are acted on using pulsating volage, are formed on its surface plasma under the action of electric field
State air film, by discharge removal effect and Plasma chemical reaction flattened faces, make piece surface reach requirement roughness and
Mirror effect realizes surface polishing processing.The patent, which belongs to, to be electrochemically reacted using pulse current, utilizes electrolyte and gold
Metal work-pieces carry out ion exchange and realize surface polishing processing, predominantly chemical process.The present invention is plasma arc gouge field, main
If being dug using the physical effect that the physical effect and high-speed flow of the high temperature melting metal of plasma arc blow away fusant
Cut processing, predominantly physical process.Therefore the two working principle is different, processing purpose is different, and the two belongs to entirely different work
Journey technical field.Therefore the patent does not conflict with the present invention.
Patent in terms of plasma gouge, such as: CN2806037Y " IGBT contravariant Multifunctional welding cutting mill ",
CN202963766U " the plasma gouging torch of plasma gouge high-frequency circuit and its composition ", CN2192428Y " plasma gouge
Machine ", without forming plasma arc using Rectified alternating current stream.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: in order to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provide it is a kind of with
The method of the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work.
The present invention solves its technical problem technical solution to be taken: it is a kind of with the work of pulsating direct current electric current it is equal from
The method of subarc gouge, this method use Rectified alternating current when carrying out planing operation to workpiece using plasma-arc plane torch
Stream, different from the conventional method of stable DC electric current power supply, this method, which is equivalent to, has carried out amplitude modulation, shape to DC current
At the powered by direct current of periodically pulsing.
The pulsation period of the pulsating direct current electric current at 0.003 second to 1 second, preferably 0.01 second to 0.5 second.Test discovery, arteries and veins
Dynamic period is unobvious to the effect for promoting ploughing depth, even invalid when too short, while oxide on surface of planing increases；Pulsation week
Phase can form ripple on planing surface when too long, influence following process.Therefore, the suitable pulsation period is selected to be important.Separately
Outside, the pulsation period of pulsating direct current electric current, which can be, stablizes constant, can also change in above-mentioned determining range periodically, work
Journey is technically referred to as " frequency modulation ".
Amplitude modulation degree M=(Imax-Imin)/(2*Iav) of the pulsating direct current electric current, it may be assumed that current maxima and minimum
The half of the difference of value and the percentage of current average, the range of M is in 3%-30%, preferably 7%-15%.Modulation is spent
When big or too small, ploughing depth can all decline, and therefore, it is necessary to select suitable modulation degree.
The waveform of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current can be it is symmetrical above and below, be also possible to up and down asymmetry
, pulsating direct current current values are higher than the time t of current averageHThe ratio of pulsation period T is accounted between 0.2 to 0.8, preferably
0.4-0.7。
The waveform edge of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current is to delay to rise or delay drop, between pulsating direct current electric current clock synchronization
Change rate dI/dt be not higher than 100000A/s.Test discovery, can shorten etc. when waveform edge rapid increase or decline from
Therefore the attrition component electrode of son plane torch, the service life of nozzle such as use the square-wave pulse of standard that the service life to attrition component is unfavorable.
The waveform of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current can be sine wave, half cycle sine wave, trapezoidal wave, triangle
Wave, the wave that exponential law changes and the complex wave being formed by stacking by multiple monochromatic waves.
The present invention is applied to plasma arc gouge using low frequency pulsating DC current, using described in claims
After the Rectified alternating current in period of feature, duty ratio and waveform carries out plasma arc gouge, it can not be sent out meeting planing surface
Under the precondition of raw severe oxidation, significant advantage is shown in terms of promoting ploughing depth.In addition, test discovery high-frequency impulse
To being promoted, ploughing depth is invalid.
Low frequency pulsating DC current is applied to plasma arc gouge, and the basic principle of clear superiority is obtained on ploughing depth
Are as follows: pulsating direct current electric current improves the impact force and stiffness of plasma arc, makes it to form deeper ploughing depth；Because of pulsation
The average value of DC current is lower than peak point current, and average fuel factor does not significantly improve, and planing surface so is just unlikely to
There is excessively high high temperature and forms more serious oxidation effect.Thus making ploughing depth and both severe oxidations do not occur must
To taking into account.The advantages of this method is to improve 30% or more ploughing depth, highest than conventional stable DC arc current method
It can achieve 50%；Planing, surface is smooth, and planing surface oxide layer substantially reduces.
The present invention is to work in ion arc gouge using pulsating direct current electric current for the first time, and achieve the effect of highly significant
Fruit, using after meeting the pulsating direct current electric current of features described above, test discovery is compared conventional under same average arc current condition
The air gouging method ploughing depth of stable DC electric current promotes 30% or more, and highest can be promoted to 50%；Planing surface is smooth, with
The air gouging method of conventional stable DC electric current is compared, and planing surface oxide layer substantially reduces, and advantageously reduces following process intensity,
Play the effect for improving efficiency, saving money.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 ripple component is sine wave symmetrical above and below.
Fig. 2 ripple component is upper and lower asymmetrical sine wave.
Fig. 3 ripple component is the sine wave of frequency modulation.
Fig. 4 ripple component is positive half cycle sine wave.
Fig. 5 ripple component is negative half period sine wave.
Fig. 6 ripple component is trapezoidal wave symmetrical above and below.
Fig. 7 ripple component is symmetrical above and below, the slow class trapezoidal wave for rising slow drop in edge.
Fig. 8 ripple component is the class trapezoidal wave that asymmetrical, the slow liter in edge delays drop up and down.
Fig. 9 ripple component is the class trapezoidal wave of frequency modulation.
Figure 10 ripple component is symmetrical above and below or asymmetrical exponential waveform.
Figure 11 ripple component is symmetrical above and below or asymmetrical triangular wave.
Figure 12 ripple component is asymmetrical class triangular wave.
Figure 13 ripple component is the complex wave 1 being formed by stacking by multiple monochromatic waves.
Figure 14 ripple component is the complex wave 2 that a monochromatic wave is formed by stacking.
The simplified pinciple figure of Figure 15 current modulating method 1.
The simplified pinciple figure of Figure 16 current modulating method 2.
The simplified pinciple figure of Figure 17 current modulating method 3.
Explanation is marked in figure:
Imax: pulsating current maximum value；Imin: pulsating current minimum value；
Iav: pulsating current average value；T: pulsation period；
T1: pulsation period 1；T2: pulsation period 2；
tH: pulsating current is higher than the time of average value； tL: the pulsating current sub-average time；
CS: pulsating current sensor；OUT: output end leads to plasma-arc and digs torch；
PWM: PDM keyer；VP: pulsation derived reference signal；
VR: DC reference signal source represents current setting value.
Specific embodiment
Presently in connection with attached drawing, the present invention is described in detail.Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17 are simplified schematic diagram, only to show
Meaning mode illustrates basic structure of the invention, therefore it only shows the composition relevant to the invention.
A kind of method of plasma arc gouge with the work of pulsating direct current electric current of the invention, this method are utilizing plasma
Electric arc digs when torch carries out planing operation to workpiece and uses pulsating direct current electric current, and the method powered with conventional stable DC electric current is not
Together, this method, which is equivalent to, has carried out amplitude modulation to DC current, forms the powered by direct current of periodically pulsing.
The pulsation period of the pulsating direct current electric current at 0.003 second to 1 second, preferably 0.01 second to 0.5 second.Test discovery, arteries and veins
Dynamic period is unobvious to the effect for promoting ploughing depth, even invalid when too short, while oxide on surface of planing increases；Pulsation week
Phase can form ripple on planing surface when too long, influence following process.Therefore, the suitable pulsation period is selected to be important.Separately
Outside, the pulsation period of pulsating direct current electric current, which can be, stablizes constant, can also change in above-mentioned determining range periodically, work
Journey is technically referred to as " frequency modulation ", as shown in attached drawing 3, attached drawing 9.
Amplitude modulation degree M=(Imax-Imin)/(2*Iav) of the pulsating direct current electric current, it may be assumed that current maxima and minimum
The half of the difference of value and the percentage of current average, the range of M is in 3%-30%, preferably 7%-15%.Modulation is spent
When big or too small, ploughing depth can all decline, and therefore, it is necessary to select suitable modulation degree.
The waveform of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current can be it is symmetrical above and below, be also possible to up and down asymmetry
, pulsating direct current current values are higher than the time t of current averageHThe ratio of pulsation period T is accounted between 0.2 to 0.8, preferably
0.4-0.7。
The waveform edge of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current is to delay to rise or delay drop, between pulsating direct current electric current clock synchronization
Change rate dI/dt be not higher than 100000A/s.Test discovery, can shorten etc. when waveform edge rapid increase or decline from
Therefore the attrition component electrode of son plane torch, the service life of nozzle such as use the square-wave pulse of standard that the service life to attrition component is unfavorable.
The waveform of alternating component in the pulsating direct current electric current can be sine wave, half cycle sine wave, trapezoidal wave, triangle
Wave, the wave that exponential law changes and the complex wave being formed by stacking by multiple monochromatic waves.Related waveform example such as Fig. 1 to Figure 14 institute
Show, many waveform distortions can also be derived, do not listed one by one.
Using after meeting the pulsating direct current electric current of features described above, test is found, under same average arc current condition
Air gouging method ploughing depth than conventional stable DC electric current promotes 30% or more, and highest can be promoted to 50%；Planing surface
Smooth, compared with the air gouging method of conventional stable DC electric current, planing surface oxide layer is substantially reduced, and advantageously reduces subsequent add
Work intensity plays the effect for improving efficiency, saving money.
To realize the pulsating direct current electric current for meeting feature described in claim, conventional current feedback mode can be carried out
It improves, realizes the modulation to DC current.
Main circuit in Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17 partly belongs to conventional electric power electronic technology, and schematic diagram is rough schematic view,
In figure: AC IN indicates power input, and it is direct current by three-phase main-frequency AC rectification that D1, which is three-phase bridge rectification bridge,；Capacitor C1 rises
Filtering, energy storage effect；Field-effect tube Q1-Q4 forms full bridge inverter, can also use semi-bridge inversion mode, field-effect tube
The diode of Q1-Q4 parallel connection is used for pressure stabilizing；U3 is PWM controller, provides driving signal for field-effect tube Q1-Q4；C2 is blocking
Flow coupled capacitor；C3-C6 is buffering capacitor；L1 is resonant inductance；B1 is high frequency transformer；D2 is fast-recovery commutation device；L2 is
Output choke；Since main circuit partly belongs to conventional electric power electronic technology, circuit can also there are many implementation method and deformation,
Details are not described herein again for detail.
The difference of Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17 are mainly had any different in current signal feedback and fluctuating signal stacked system, are schemed
15, the method that Figure 16, Figure 17 illustrate three kinds of realization current-modulations.It is described as follows:
Figure 15 illustrates current modulating method 1, and pulsation derived reference signal VP and DC reference signal source VR is overlapped mutually
It is compared to form error voltage with the signal of current sensor CS afterwards, controls pwm signal, so that output current tracking pulsation ginseng
It examines signal source VP and DC reference signal source VR is overlapped mutually the signal to be formed.The intensity of pulsation derived reference signal VP determines output
The period of the modulation degree of pulsating current, pulsation derived reference signal VP determines the period of output ripple electric current, derived reference signal of pulsing
The waveform of VP determines the waveform of output ripple electric current.The intensity of DC reference signal source VR determines the average value of output electric current.
Figure 16 illustrates current modulating method 2, and the signal of pulse derived reference signal VP and current sensor CS is mutually folded
It is compared to form error voltage with DC reference signal source VR after adding, controls pwm signal, so that output current tracking direct current ginseng
Examine the difference signal of signal source VR and derived reference signal VP of pulsing.The intensity of pulsation derived reference signal VP determines output ripple electric current
Modulation degree, pulsation derived reference signal VP period determine output ripple electric current period, pulse derived reference signal VP waveform
Determine the waveform of output ripple electric current.The intensity of DC reference signal source VR determines the average value of output electric current.
Figure 17 illustrates current modulating method 3, and pulsation derived reference signal VP is directly controlled PWM controller chip, chip
Periphery still forms the feedback of error voltage using the signal of conventional current sensor CS compared with the VR of DC reference signal source
Mode.The intensity of pulsation derived reference signal VP determines the modulation degree of output ripple electric current, and the period of pulsation derived reference signal VP determines
Determine the period of output ripple electric current, the waveform of pulsation derived reference signal VP determines the waveform of output ripple electric current.DC reference letter
The intensity of number source VR determines the average value of output electric current.
Taking the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the present invention completely.The technical scope of this invention is not
The content being confined on specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method of the plasma arc gouge with the work of pulsating direct current electric current, it is characterised in that: utilizing plasma-arc
It digs when torch carries out planing operation to workpiece and is powered using pulsating direct current electric current, the powered by direct current for foring periodically pulsing carries out
Plasma arc gouge.
2. as described in claim 1 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
The pulsation period of pulsating direct current electric current is between 0.003 second to 1 second.
3. as claimed in claim 2 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
The pulsation period of pulsating direct current electric current is between 0.01 second to 0.5 second.
4. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that:
The pulsation period of the pulsating direct current electric current is to stablize constant or cyclical movement.
5. as described in claim 1 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
Amplitude modulation degree M=(Imax-Imin)/(2*Iav) of pulsating direct current electric current, it may be assumed that current maxima Imax and minimum value Imin
Difference half and current average Iav percentage.
6. as claimed in claim 5 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
The range of amplitude modulation degree M is 3%-30%.
7. as claimed in claim 6 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
The range of amplitude modulation degree M is 7%-15%.
8. as described in claim 1 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
The waveform of alternating component in pulsating direct current electric current is symmetrical above and below or upper and lower asymmetric.
9. as claimed in claim 8 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: described
Pulsating direct current current values are higher than the time t of current averageHThe ratio of pulsation period T is accounted between 0.2-0.8.
10. as claimed in claim 9 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: institute
State the time t that pulsating direct current current values are higher than current averageHThe ratio of pulsation period T is accounted between 0.4-0.7.
11. as described in claim 1 in the method for the plasma arc gouge of pulsating direct current electric current work, it is characterised in that: institute
The waveform edge for stating the alternating component of pulsating direct current electric current is slow liter or slow drop, the variation between the pulsating direct current electric current clock synchronization
Rate dI/dt is not higher than 100000A/s.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112888129A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-06-01 | 北京东方计量测试研究所 | Modulation method and device for homogenizing atmospheric gas discharge |
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| CN112888129A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-06-01 | 北京东方计量测试研究所 | Modulation method and device for homogenizing atmospheric gas discharge |
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