CN109874710A - A kind of synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish - Google Patents
A kind of synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874710A CN109874710A CN201910339079.3A CN201910339079A CN109874710A CN 109874710 A CN109874710 A CN 109874710A CN 201910339079 A CN201910339079 A CN 201910339079A CN 109874710 A CN109874710 A CN 109874710A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of synthesis breeding methods of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish, belong to the comprehensive breeding technical field of fish rice.It is combined by the selection and construction of field, the cultivation management of rice, putting in a suitable place to breed for seed with measures such as daily managements, and a ground is dual-purpose, cost efficiency.The present invention organically combines Rice Cropping and aquaculture, three-dimensional development, the comprehensive breeding technology of developing ecology, on the one hand, can save the field for digging fish pond, can play the role of steady grain extra earning；On the other hand, vital movement of the fish in rice field can increase rice field dissolved oxygen, improve the disease resistance ability of rice, reduce Pesticide use.Meanwhile the excreta of fish can provide some necessary nutriment for the growth of rice, promote paddy growth, reduce Fertilizer application, improve paddy quality and yield.Stick flower fish passes through ecologic breeding, more competitive in quality, can be improved the economic benefit of stick flower fish itself.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthesis breeding methods of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish, belong to the comprehensive breeding technical field of fish rice.
Background technique
Stick flower fish (Rounded gudgeon), belong to Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Abbottina.Popular name climbs brave fish, husky hammer, Hua Li
Ear of maize.It is bottom the dwelling property small fishes of China's specialty, is distributed widely in national Main River Systems and lake, irrigation canals and ditches, in pond.With
The raising of human living standard, stick flower fish is increasingly becoming the object of the ornamental cultivation of supply people, so to its ecologic breeding skill
The research of art is very necessary.
Mainly with fresh water Copepods such as cyclops, chironomus larvas, Piao water fleas, the cladoceras such as water flea and cadbait float stick flower fish
The aquatic insects larvas such as trip, wheel animalcule, level rotation and minute quantity aquatic vascular plants etc. are food.Stick flower fish paddy field aquaculture is rice
Fishing integrates breeding technology, is that rice fish interdepends, mutually promotes, the mode of agriculture that breeding be combined with each other.
Stick flower fish with the aquatile in rice field be food, be not only able to satisfy the demand of own growth again can biology deinsectization, together
When can also loosen the soil cultivated land, excreta provides necessary nutriment for paddy growth.The soil in paddy field is rationally utilized in the comprehensive breeding of rice fish
Ground and water surface resource, biology and non-living resources, a variety of biocenosis, adequately achieve system high efficiency sustainable health development and
Double promotions of land efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming above-mentioned shortcoming, a kind of synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish is provided,
The soil and water surface resource, biology and non-living resources in paddy field is rationally utilized in the synthesis breeding technology, and a variety of biocenosis fill
Divide the double promotions for realizing system high efficiency sustainable health development and land efficiency.
Technical solution of the present invention, a kind of synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish, specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection and construction of field: selection soil property is fertile, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water conservation moisture retention is preferable,
It should not be by the field of drought and waterlogging；Fish ditch is set in field and fish-pit, round fish-pit are set to fish ditch infall, fish-pit area
The 3.8%-4.5% of rice field area is accounted for, for the shape of fish ditch depending on the area of field and shape, fish ditch area accounts for rice field area
5%-6%；Escaping-preventing facilities are arranged in field surrounding, individually separately establish corresponding escaping-preventing facilities simultaneously into drainage position；
(2) cultivation management of rice: rice varieties should select that growth period is long, premunition is strong, tillering ability is strong, the hybridization of high yield and high quality
Rice varieties, seeding row spacing is 5-10cm × 5-10cm when planting rice；It is applied fertilizer using single-dose application method；
(3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: fry selects disease-free, strong without wound, constitution；Stocking size, density will be according to the fields in rice field
Condition such as breed fish water body size, whether bait throwing in determines that the 8-10d after the rice transplanting of rice field put in a suitable place to breed；
(4) daily management: whole day is fed 2 times, and feeding volume is the 2%-5% of weight, and 8 points of morning and at 5 points in afternoon are each primary, is thrown sooner or later
Feed the 40% and 60% of the amount difference total feeding volume of Zhan；When the 7-12 month, feeding number daily is 2-4 times, and feeding volume is the 2%- of weight
5%；Oxygen in water is maintained at 5.5mg/L or more, meta-alkalescence pH 7-8, transparency 30-50cm, and adjusts as the case may be.
Further, field area described in step (1) is 3-5 mus；Ridge is increased to being higher by farming in autumn and winter
Layer surface 45-55cm makes the normal water storage depth 30-50cm in rice field, ridge thickness 30-40cm or more；Fish-pit depth 1.3-2.1m, water
Deep 1-1.5m；Fish ditch depth 0.6-1.2m, wide 0.4-0.6m.
Further, escaping-preventing facilities described in step (1) are specially the polythene net of bottom insertion mud bottom 30-50cm,
Height is 30-50cm.
Further, fish ditch and fish-pit are excavated before rice transplanting after water site preparation in step (1).
Further, in step (2) when fertilising, 600-1800kg/ mus of decomposed farmyard manure is applied, 20-30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer,
Under 6-7kg/ mus of urea is applied before arable land simultaneously, whole layer placement of fertilizer is formed.
Further, step (3) is splashed while hot with 60-100kg/ mus of quick lime water before putting in a suitable place to breed and is carried out to fish ditch, fish-pit
Thorough disinfection；Before fry is put in a suitable place to breed, 3-4min is embathed with the saline solution of 4%-5%.
Further, the fry that stocking size is 2-3cm in step (3), injected volume are ten thousand tails of 1-1.2/mu.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is dual-purpose by one, cost efficiency.Rice Cropping is organic with aquaculture
It is combined together, three-dimensional development, the comprehensive breeding technology of developing ecology, on the one hand, the field for digging fish pond can be saved, can be played
The effect of steady grain extra earning；On the other hand, vital movement of the fish in rice field can increase rice field dissolved oxygen, improve the disease-resistant of rice
Evil ability, reduces Pesticide use.Meanwhile the excreta of fish can provide some necessary nutriment for the growth of rice, promote
Paddy growth reduces Fertilizer application, improves paddy quality and yield.Stick flower fish by ecologic breeding, compare in quality have it is competing
Power is striven, can be improved the economic benefit of stick flower fish itself.
Environmental health of the present invention, sustainable development.The ridge in the synthesis breeding rice field of standard it is 50cm higher than common rice field bank with
On, and there is preferable water-retaining property, infiltration, drainage will not generally occur.When arid, since water storage can guarantee early in field
Moisture necessary to rice field, it is ensured that rice normal growth.The fish of cultivation in rice field can play the role of pest control, can be obvious
Pesticide use amount is reduced, rice field sustainable and healthy development is promoted.Fertilizer conservation getting fat effect is strong.Growth with rice field medium rod flower fish adds
Fastly, excreta is continuously increased, and the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus are very rich in excreta, can obviously increase Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field, reduces fertilizer
Use.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) selection and construction of field: selection soil property is fertile, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water conservation moisture retention is preferable,
It should not be by the field of drought and waterlogging；For convenient for manual operation and management, 4 mu of area or so are advisable.The thickening of ridge is reinforced: in the autumn
Winter increases ridge to farming layer surface 50cm or so is higher by, and keeps the normal water storage in rice field deep in 30cm or more, ridge thickness
30cm or more；
The construction of fish-pit: fish-pit is located at fish ditch infall and excavates round fish-pit, area accounts for the 4.5% of rice field area, and fish-pit is deep
1.8m, depth of water 1.4m.The construction of fish ditch: the shape of fish ditch, depending on the area of field, shape, generally by fish ditch excavate at
" well " font, area account for rice field 5-6%, deep 0.8 m, wide 0.4-0.6m；
Build escaping-preventing facilities: rice field surrounding builds the anti-escape network of 50cm high with polythene net, and bottom enters mud 50cm, to prevent loophole,
Crack, leak, ridge collapse and fish are made to escape.Corresponding escaping-preventing facilities are individually separately established simultaneously into drainage position.Wa Yugou, fish
The time slipped is carried out before rice transplanting after Yao Shui site preparation.
(2) cultivation management of rice: rice varieties should select that growth period is long, premunition is strong, tillering ability is strong, high yield and high quality
Hybrid rice variety.Rational close planting is wanted when kind rice, seeding row spacing is generally the cm of 5 cm × 5.Using single-dose application method, that is, apply decomposed
600kg/ mus of farmyard manure, 20kg/ mus of mixed phosphorus fertilizer, 6kg/ mus of urea, while under being applied before arable land, form a kind of holostrome and apply
Fertile method is conducive to the growth of rice and rice field planktonic organism.
(3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: carrying out thorough disinfection to fish ditch, fish-pit before putting in a suitable place to breed, generally before fry is put in a suitable place to breed 20d is used
60kg/ mus of quick lime water are splashed while hot.Before fry is put in a suitable place to breed, 4min disinfection, diseases prevention are embathed with 4.5% saline solution.Fry should select
It selects disease-free, strong without wound, constitution；Stocking size, density such as to be breeded fish according to the field condition in rice field water body size, whether
Depending on situations such as bait throwing in, under normal circumstances, stocking size is the fry of 2.5cm or so, ten thousand tails of 1-1.2/mu；Generally inserted in rice field
8-10d after seedling, which is put in a suitable place to breed, to be advisable, because of the planktonic organism first time summit of growth phase at a time when this.
(4) daily management: according to feeding habits feature, in strict accordance with timing, positioning, determine matter, quantitative " four determine " principle is fed,
Scientific and reasonable bait throwing in.Stick flower fish is a kind of entomophagy fish.After domestication, whole day is fed 2 times, 8 points of morning and afternoon 5
Point is each primary, and morning and evening feeding volume distinguishes 40% and 60%, 7-12 month of the total feeding volume of Zhan, is that the rope of stick flower fish eats peak period, can be with
It is appropriate to increase feeding volume and feed number.Stick flower fish is to the more demanding of water quality, with the pure and fresh small stream river water of pollution-free, water quality or mountain
Spring is preferably.Oxygen in water is maintained at 5.5mg/L or more, meta-alkalescence pH7-8, transparency 50cm, and fits as the case may be
Degree is adjusted.At least inspection is primary daily, observes rice, fry situation, finds the problem early, solves in time.Stick flower fish disease compared with
It is few, mainly adhere to the cultivation theory of " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", Disease management and eliminates in budding state, accomplish early hair
It is now early to solve, medication or not medication less as far as possible.
A kind of synthesis breeding method of the paddy field aquaculture stick of embodiment 2 flower fish, specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection and construction of field: selection soil property is fertile, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water conservation moisture retention is preferable,
It should not be by the field of drought and waterlogging；The field area is 3 mu；Ridge is increased to being higher by farming layer surface in autumn and winter
45cm makes the normal water storage depth 30cm in rice field, ridge thickness 30cm or more；
Fish ditch and fish-pit be set in field, and round fish-pit is set to fish ditch infall, and the shape of fish ditch is according to the area of field
Depending on shape, fish ditch area accounts for the 5% of rice field area；Fish-pit depth 1.3m, depth of water 1m；Fish ditch depth 0.6m, wide 0.4m, fish-pit face
Product accounts for the 3.8% of rice field area.
Escaping-preventing facilities are arranged in field surrounding, individually separately establish corresponding escaping-preventing facilities simultaneously into drainage position；It is described anti-escape
Facility is specially the polythene net of bottom insertion mud bottom 30m, is highly 30cm.The rice transplanting after water site preparation of fish ditch and fish-pit is advanced
Row excavates.
(2) cultivation management of rice: rice varieties should select that growth period is long, premunition is strong, tillering ability is strong, high yield and high quality
Hybrid rice variety, seeding row spacing is 10cm × 10cm when planting rice；It is applied fertilizer using single-dose application method；When fertilising, apply decomposed
1800kg/ mus of farmyard manure, 30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, 7kg/ mus of urea, while under being applied before arable land, form whole layer placement of fertilizer.
(3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: putting preceding 20d in a suitable place to breed, being splashed while hot with 100kg/ mus of quick lime water, it is thorough to carry out to fish ditch, fish-pit
Bottom disinfection；Before fry is put in a suitable place to breed, 3min disinfection, diseases prevention are embathed with 4% saline solution；Fry selects disease-free, strong without wound, constitution；
Stocking size, density such as to be breeded fish according to the field condition in rice field water body size, whether bait throwing in determine, stocking size 2cm
Fry, injected volume is 10,000 tails/mu, and the 10d after the rice transplanting of rice field put in a suitable place to breed；
(4) daily management: whole day is fed 2 times, and feeding volume is the 2% of weight, and 8 points of morning and at 5 points in afternoon are each primary, is fed sooner or later
The 40% and 60% of the amount difference total feeding volume of Zhan；When the 7-12 month, be stick flower fish rope food peak period, can suitably increase feeding volume and
Feed number.Stick flower fish is to the more demanding of water quality, preferably the small stream river water or mountain spring water pure and fresh with pollution-free, water quality.It is molten in water
Solution oxygen is maintained at 5.5mg/L or more, meta-alkalescence pH 7-8, transparency 30-50cm, and adjusts as the case may be.Daily at least
Inspection is primary, observes rice, fry situation, finds the problem early, solves in time.Stick flower fish disease is less, mainly adheres to " prevention
Based on, prevention and treatment combines " cultivation theory, Disease management and eliminate in budding state, accomplish it is early find it is early solve, use few as far as possible
Medicine or not medication.
A kind of synthesis breeding method of the paddy field aquaculture stick of embodiment 3 flower fish, specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection and construction of field: selection soil property is fertile, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water conservation moisture retention is preferable,
It should not be by the field of drought and waterlogging；The field area is 5 mu；Ridge is increased to being higher by farming layer surface in autumn and winter
55cm makes the normal water storage depth 50cm in rice field, ridge thickness 40cm or more；
Fish ditch and fish-pit be set in field, and round fish-pit is set to fish ditch infall, and the shape of fish ditch is according to the area of field
Depending on shape, fish ditch area accounts for the 4% of rice field area；Fish-pit depth 1.8m, depth of water 1.2m；Fish ditch depth 0.8m, wide 0.5m, fish-pit
Area accounts for the 4% of rice field area.
Escaping-preventing facilities are arranged in field surrounding, individually separately establish corresponding escaping-preventing facilities simultaneously into drainage position；It is described anti-escape
Facility is specially the polythene net of bottom insertion mud bottom 40m, is highly 40cm.The rice transplanting after water site preparation of fish ditch and fish-pit is advanced
Row excavates.
(2) cultivation management of rice: rice varieties should select that growth period is long, premunition is strong, tillering ability is strong, high yield and high quality
Hybrid rice variety, seeding row spacing is 8cm × 8cm when planting rice；It is applied fertilizer using single-dose application method；When fertilising, decomposed agriculture is applied
1200kg/ mus of fertilizer of family, under 6.5kg/ mus of urea is applied before arable land simultaneously, forms whole layer placement of fertilizer by 25kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer.
(3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: putting preceding 20d in a suitable place to breed, being splashed while hot with 80kg/ mus of quick lime water, it is thorough to carry out to fish ditch, fish-pit
Bottom disinfection；Before fry is put in a suitable place to breed, 3.5min disinfection, diseases prevention are embathed with 4.5% saline solution；Fry selection is disease-free, strong without wound, constitution
Large；Stocking size, density such as to be breeded fish according to the field condition in rice field water body size, whether bait throwing in determine, stocking size
For the fry of 3cm, injected volume is ten thousand tails of 1-1.2/mu, and the 9d after the rice transplanting of rice field is put in a suitable place to breed；
(4) daily management: whole day is fed 2 times, and feeding volume is the 5% of weight, and 8 points of morning and at 5 points in afternoon are each primary, is fed sooner or later
The 40% and 60% of the amount difference total feeding volume of Zhan；When the 7-12 month, be stick flower fish rope food peak period, can suitably increase feeding volume and
Feed number.Stick flower fish is to the more demanding of water quality, preferably the small stream river water or mountain spring water pure and fresh with pollution-free, water quality.It is molten in water
Solution oxygen is maintained at 5.5mg/L or more, meta-alkalescence pH 8, transparency 50cm, and adjusts as the case may be.At least inspection one daily
It is secondary, rice, fry situation are observed, is found the problem early, is solved in time.Stick flower fish disease is less, mainly adhere to " put prevention first,
Prevention and treatment combines " cultivation theory, Disease management and eliminate in budding state, accomplish it is early find early solution, as far as possible less medication or
Not medication.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish, it is characterized in that specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection and construction of field: selection soil property is fertile, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water conservation moisture retention is preferable,
It should not be by the field of drought and waterlogging；Fish ditch is set in field and fish-pit, round fish-pit are set to fish ditch infall, fish-pit area
The 3.8%-4.5% of rice field area is accounted for, for the shape of fish ditch depending on the area of field and shape, fish ditch area accounts for rice field area
5%-6%；Escaping-preventing facilities are arranged in field surrounding, individually separately establish corresponding escaping-preventing facilities simultaneously into drainage position；
(2) cultivation management of rice: rice varieties should select that growth period is long, premunition is strong, tillering ability is strong, the hybridization of high yield and high quality
Rice varieties, seeding row spacing is 5-10cm × 5-10cm when planting rice；It is applied fertilizer using single-dose application method；
(3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: fry selects disease-free, strong without wound, constitution；Stocking size, density will be according to the fields in rice field
Condition such as breed fish water body size, whether bait throwing in determines that the 8-10d after the rice transplanting of rice field put in a suitable place to breed；
(4) daily management: whole day is fed 2 times, and feeding volume is the 2%-5% of weight, and 8 points of morning and at 5 points in afternoon are each primary, is thrown sooner or later
Feed the 40% and 60% of the amount difference total feeding volume of Zhan；When the 7-12 month, feeding number daily is 2-4 times, and feeding volume is the 2%- of weight
5%；Oxygen in water is maintained at 5.5mg/L or more, meta-alkalescence pH 7-8, transparency 30-50cm, and adjusts as the case may be.
2. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: field described in step (1)
Area is 3-5 mus；Ridge is increased to farming layer surface 45-55cm is higher by autumn and winter, makes the normal water storage depth 30- in rice field
50cm, ridge thickness 30-40cm or more；Fish-pit depth 1.3-2.1m, depth of water 1-1.5m；Fish ditch depth 0.6-1.2m, wide 0.4-0.6m.
3. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: anti-escape described in step (1)
Facility is specially the polythene net of bottom insertion mud bottom 30-50cm, is highly 30-50cm.
4. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (1) Zhong Yugou and fish
It slips and is excavated before rice transplanting after water site preparation.
5. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: being applied when fertilising in step (2)
600-1800kg/ mus of decomposed farmyard manure, under 6-7kg/ mus of urea is applied before arable land simultaneously, is formed complete by 20-30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer
Layer fertilising.
6. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (3) uses 60- before putting in a suitable place to breed
100kg/ mus of quick lime water are splashed while hot carries out thorough disinfection to fish ditch, fish-pit；Before fry is put in a suitable place to breed, with the saline solution of 4%-5%
Embathe 3-4min.
7. the synthesis breeding method of paddy field aquaculture stick flower fish as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: stocking size in step (3)
For the fry of 2-3cm, injected volume is ten thousand tails of 1-1.2/mu.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111616086A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Comprehensive ecological planting and breeding method for breeding rice and fish in northern cold region willow root fry |
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| CN109874710B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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