CN109871048B - Closed-loop control method for electric heating temperature of anti-icing fan blade - Google Patents
Closed-loop control method for electric heating temperature of anti-icing fan blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN109871048B CN109871048B CN201910254937.4A CN201910254937A CN109871048B CN 109871048 B CN109871048 B CN 109871048B CN 201910254937 A CN201910254937 A CN 201910254937A CN 109871048 B CN109871048 B CN 109871048B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control method, which is characterized in that when the anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature is controlled in a closed-loop mode, a heating power supply is controlled to output a corresponding voltage value according to different absolute difference values of set temperature and temperature feedback, a variable-structure hierarchical control strategy is adopted, the problem that sparks are generated due to frequent change of large current between a carbon brush of a conductive slip ring stator mechanism and a copper ring of a rotor mechanism in a low-temperature, low-pressure and humid environment is solved, the service life of the carbon brush is prolonged, and the stable operation of an anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control system is. The invention designs a temperature signal wireless transmitting module with low-temperature protection and battery power supply, and wirelessly transmits a fan blade temperature feedback signal to an electric heating temperature closed-loop control system; in order to reduce the influence of the weight of the wireless transmitting module on the dynamic and static balance of the fan rotor system, the installation cover plate is subjected to quantitative weight reduction design such as thickness reduction and hole opening, and the gravity center and mass distribution of the fan rotor system are not changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind tunnel tests, in particular to a closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of an anti-icing fan blade.
Background
The icing wind tunnel is the same as other low-speed wind tunnels, the power system is a wind tunnel heart part, a motor is adopted to drive a fan rotor to rotate to simulate the air flow speed, and the air speed of a test section is changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor. And the motor and the fan rotor of the icing wind tunnel power system are arranged on the fan section, and the fan blades are arranged on the circumference of the hub of the fan rotor and behind the second corner section. Different from other low-speed wind tunnels, the ambient air temperature in the fan section of the icing wind tunnel is as low as minus 40 ℃, the ambient air pressure is as low as 5kPa, and the humidity is 100%.
In the icing wind tunnel test process, when the liquid water content is accumulated to a certain degree, the high-speed airflow drives the supercooled water drops to impact the surface of the supercooled fan blade, and the surface of the front edge of the fan blade is quickly iced. After the fan blades are frozen, the molded surface is changed, so that the vibration of a fan motor and a fan rotor supporting bearing exceeds the standard. In order to solve the problem of icing of the fan blades, an electric heating unit is arranged on the front edge of each fan blade, the fan blades are heated, heat is transferred to the surfaces of the fan blades by utilizing the thermodynamic principle, adhesion stress between an ice layer and the surfaces of the fan blades is damaged, and the aim of preventing icing is fulfilled under the action of aerodynamic force or centrifugal force.
In order to realize the electric heating and anti-icing of the fan blades, a rotary power supply device is designed on the basis of the existing condition of the fan section, and a heating power supply is led to the rotating fan blades from the ground under the condition that a rotor shaft of the fan is inconvenient to disassemble, so that the structural design problem of the rotary power supply device is solved, and the heating power supply is stably and reliably transmitted to each fan blade from the ground; the problems of insulation and safety protection of the rotary power supply device in low-temperature and high-humidity environments are solved; the problem of the cable arrangement and installation of each blade output by a rotary power supply device is solved.
In the mature technology, the conductive slip ring is the latest rotating power supply device. However, because of the existing conditions of the icing wind tunnel and the particularity of the working environment, the speed of the fan rotor exceeds 600 rpm; the fan rotor shaft cannot be disassembled; the axial clearance between the fan rotor and the supporting bearing boxes on the two sides is less than 10cm, and a series of problems exist in structural design, installation and fixation of the conductive slip ring in low-temperature, low-pressure and humid environments. In an icing wind tunnel test, parameters such as the rotating speed of a motor, the total temperature, the ambient air pressure and the like are continuously changed according to test requirements, the difference of the anti-icing power of the fan blades is large, and the control system must frequently adjust the power supply voltage to enable the temperature of the fan blades to be stable under the condition that the resistance of the heating unit of the fan blades is relatively stable. Because the power voltage must be transmitted to each fan blade heating unit through the conductive slip ring, and the voltage amplitude is frequently adjusted in a low-temperature, low-pressure and humid environment, electric sparks are easily generated between the carbon brush and the copper ring, the safe and stable operation of equipment is seriously influenced, and the icing wind tunnel test is not facilitated to be continuously carried out, so that the improvement of the power voltage is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control method, which can prevent a fan blade from icing under various test conditions, solve the problems of sparks generated on the surfaces of a carbon brush of a conductive slip ring stator mechanism and a copper ring of a rotor mechanism in the large-current electric heating process of the fan blade, solve the temperature closed-loop control strategy problem and the problem of wireless transmission of the fan blade temperature, and ensure the stable operation of an anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially closing the heating circuit, controlling the carbon brushes of the conductive slip ring stator mechanism to move radially, pressing the carbon brushes of the conductive slip rings on two sides of the fan rotor on the surface of the copper ring of the conductive slip ring rotor mechanism, enabling the heating power supply and the fan blade heating unit to form a heating loop, selecting a temperature closed loop to meet a logic linkage condition, confirming the starting of electric heating, and supplying power and heating to the fan blade heating unit by the control system according to a set temperature;
step two: the fan blade temperature feedback signal is accessed to a wireless transmitting module arranged on a fan rotor through a lead, and then is accessed to a temperature control system as a temperature feedback signal through a ground receiving module, a conversion module and an acquisition module;
step three: the temperature control system automatically adjusts the voltage output of the heating power supply in real time according to the set temperature and the temperature feedback absolute difference value, and controls the current of the fan blade heating unit through adjusting the voltage so as to control the temperature change of the blades;
the temperature feedback wireless transmitting module is arranged on a fan rotor, is powered by a battery, has low-temperature protection and is in one-way communication with the temperature control system in a wireless transmission mode;
the temperature closed-loop control adopts variable-structure hierarchical control heating power supply output voltage, and different steps correspond to the output voltage value of the heating power supply according to set temperature and temperature feedback absolute difference, and specifically comprises the following steps:
setting the absolute difference value of the set temperature and the temperature feedback as a plurality of steps, wherein each step corresponds to one output voltage of the heating power supply; in the plurality of absolute difference steps, the absolute difference steps are sequentially reduced from the first step to the last step, and the output voltage value of each absolute difference step corresponding to the heating power supply is reduced step by step; and the temperature control system controls the output voltage of the heating power supply according to the temperature absolute difference value.
In the technical scheme, the heating start and the heating stop are respectively provided with logic linkage, and the heating can be executed by meeting the parameter conditions of the rotating speed of a fan motor, the total temperature of a wind tunnel, the humidity of the wind tunnel, the insulation of a heating loop, the temperature of blades and the like.
In the technical scheme, when the rotating speed of the fan motor is more than or equal to 50rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the insulation of the heating loop is more than or equal to 5 MOmega, the humidity of the wind tunnel is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the temperature of the blades is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the heating starting can be carried out after the above conditions are met.
In the technical scheme, when the rotating speed of the fan motor is less than or equal to 5rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is greater than or equal to 5 ℃, the insulation of the heating loop is not less than 1M omega, and the temperature of the blade is greater than or equal to 50 ℃, the heating is stopped after any condition is met.
In the above technical solution, the variable structure hierarchical control is set to be divided into three steps:
the absolute temperature difference set for the first step is within 10 ℃, the corresponding power supply voltage is 135VDC,
the absolute temperature difference set for the second step is within 5 ℃, the corresponding power supply voltage is 50VDC,
the absolute difference of the temperature set by the third step is within 2 ℃, and the corresponding power supply voltage is 10 VDC.
In the above technical solution, the number of absolute difference steps, the temperature absolute difference value, and the corresponding power supply voltage value may be set differently according to different system environments, and the power supply voltage may be a direct current voltage or an alternating current voltage.
In the technical scheme, the temperature wireless transmitting module comprises a transmitting unit, a power supply battery and a metal packaging shell, and is integrated into a module through low-temperature protection and insulation treatment and installed on a variable-pitch maintenance cover plate of the fan rotor.
In the technical scheme, after the temperature wireless transmitting module is installed on the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate of the fan rotor, the weight and the mass center of the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate are completely consistent with those of the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate without the temperature wireless transmitting module.
In the technical scheme, the thickness of the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate of the fan rotor is reduced, a lightening hole is cut in the center of the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate, and the temperature wireless transmitting module is installed in the center of the variable-pitch maintenance cover plate.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the wireless temperature transmitter has the advantages that the transmitting unit, the power supply battery and the like are packaged in the metal shell and integrated into the temperature wireless transmitting module, and the problems of power supply of the transmitting unit, low-temperature protection of the battery, insulation of devices, signal transmission of a rotating body, dynamic and static balance of a rotor and the like are solved through glue pouring, heat preservation, packaging and counterweight design of the mounting plate.
The temperature control system adopts a variable structure grading control principle, controls the voltage of a heating power supply in real time in a grading manner according to the set temperature of the fan blades and the absolute difference value step of temperature feedback, controls the current of the heating unit of the fan blades by adjusting the voltage, solves the problem of temperature closed-loop control strategy, solves the problem of sparks generated by frequent change of large current between the carbon brush and the copper ring in low-temperature, low-pressure and humid environments, prolongs the service life of the carbon brush, and ensures the stable operation of the electric heating temperature closed-loop control system of the anti-icing fan blades.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-heating power supply incoming line side circuit breaker, 2-fuse, 3-transformer, 4-heating power supply, 5-conductive slip ring stator carbon brush, 6-conductive slip ring rotor copper ring, 7-fan blade, 8-fan blade heating unit, 9-fan rotor, 10-variable pitch maintenance cover plate, 11-temperature signal wireless transmitting module, 12-temperature signal ground receiving and converting module, 13-temperature control system and 14-monitoring computer.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The embodiment mainly aims at an electric heating temperature closed-loop control system of the anti-icing fan blade, the whole system is divided into two parts, namely a heating power supply part and a fan blade temperature feedback signal transmission part, and the explanation is carried out by combining with an example.
The resistance of the fan blade heating unit 8 is relatively stable, and in order to control the temperature of the front edge of the fan blade 7, the current flowing through the fan blade heating unit 8 is controlled, or the electrifying time of the fan blade heating unit is controlled. According to ohm's law, in the same circuit, the current flowing through the conductor is in direct proportion to the voltage at the two ends of the conductor and in inverse proportion to the resistance of the conductor, and under the condition that the resistance is relatively stable, the current flowing through the resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the power supply voltage at the two ends of the resistance. The working environment of the conductive slip ring in the implementation is special, belongs to the low-voltage, low-temperature and humid environment, the current of the conductive slip ring stator carbon brush 5 and the conductive slip ring rotor copper ring 6 is not suitable for frequent change, and the anti-icing fan blade 7 is not suitable for controlling the temperature by adopting the frequent on-off of a main loop in the electrical heating process.
Through calculation, the power of the heating power supply 4 exceeds 100kW in the test process, if a single-phase or three-phase AC380V power supply is adopted as the heating power supply 4, firstly, the voltage amplitude is high, potential safety hazards exist in a wet all-steel structure wind tunnel section, and secondly, the problem of three-phase load imbalance exists due to the fact that the single-phase or two-phase AC power supply is adopted for heating. Comprehensively considering that the Siemens 6RA80 device is selected as the heating power supply 4 in the embodiment, the Siemens 6RA80 device outputs the rated direct current 400A, the rated output direct current voltage DC 0-220V is continuously adjustable, the Siemens 6RA80 device is characterized in that the Siemens 6RA voltage DC 0-220V is taken from a three-phase alternating current power supply, the Siemens 6RA voltage is input into the heating power supply 4 through an AC380V/200V transformer 3 to ensure that the maximum output voltage DC220V of the heating power supply 4 is ensured, the three-phase load is balanced, and the temperature control system 13 controls the corresponding voltage output by the heating power supply 4 by adopting a variable structure grading control method according.
When the electric heating temperature closed-loop control system of the anti-icing fan blade runs, the temperature control system 13 feeds back an absolute difference value according to a set temperature and a temperature, adopts a variable structure hierarchical control principle, sets control parameters in three steps, and controls the heating power supply 4 to output corresponding heating voltage according to the set temperature and the temperature feedback absolute difference value.
Setting the absolute difference value between the temperature and the temperature feedback to be not more than 10 ℃ as a first step, and outputting 135VDC by the heating power supply 4 to improve the rapidity of heating the front edge of the fan blade 7;
setting the absolute difference between the temperature and the temperature feedback to be not more than 5 ℃ as a second step, and outputting 50VDC by the heating power supply 4 for leading edges of the fan blades 7 to approach the target temperature without overshooting;
setting the absolute difference between the temperature and the temperature feedback to be not more than 2 ℃ as a third step, wherein the heating power supply 4 outputs 10VDC which is used for the electric heating power required by the fine adjustment and the temperature maintenance of the front edge temperature of the fan blades 7.
Of course, the above control parameter setting is not unique, the number of absolute difference steps, the temperature absolute difference and the corresponding power supply voltage value may be set differently according to different system environments, and the power supply voltage may be a direct current voltage or an alternating current voltage.
In order to ensure the reliability of the temperature control system 13 and prevent the damage of the structure of the fan blade 7 made of the composite material due to the overhigh temperature of the fan blade, the heating start and the heating stop of the temperature control system 13 are respectively provided with logical linkage, and the execution can be carried out by meeting the parameter conditions of the rotating speed of a fan motor, the total temperature of a wind tunnel, the humidity of the wind tunnel, the insulation of a heating loop, the temperature of the fan blade and the like. When the rotating speed of a fan motor is more than or equal to 50rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the insulation of a heating loop is more than or equal to 5 MOmega, the humidity of the wind tunnel is more than or equal to 90 percent, the temperature of blades is less than or equal to 5 ℃, and the heating starting can be executed after the conditions are met; when the rotating speed of the fan motor is less than or equal to 5rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is more than or equal to 5 ℃, the insulation of the heating loop is not less than or equal to 1M omega, and the temperature of the blade is more than or equal to 50 ℃, the heating is stopped after any condition is met.
The problem of the wireless transmission of the temperature feedback signal of the fan blade 7 in the present embodiment is mainly reflected in how the wireless temperature signal transmitting unit supplies power. Because the ambient air temperature in the fan section of the icing wind tunnel is as low as minus 40 ℃, the ambient air pressure is as low as 5kPa, and the humidity is 100%, if the conductive slip ring is adopted for power supply, the number of channels of the conductive slip ring must be increased, the design and manufacturing cost of the conductive slip ring is increased, and no space exists between the fan rotor and the support bearings at the two sides to design the conductive slip ring with longer axial dimension. If the battery is used for supplying power, in order to prolong the power supply time, the large-capacity battery has larger volume and heavy weight, and especially the low-temperature protection of the battery must be done to ensure the stable work of the battery under the low-temperature condition; meanwhile, the weight and the installation position of the battery cannot influence the dynamic and static balance of the fan rotor 9.
In the embodiment, the lithium battery pack is adopted to supply power for the temperature signal wireless transmitting unit. In order to adapt to a special working environment, the temperature signal wireless transmitting unit and the lithium battery pack are subjected to special heat preservation and insulation treatment, are packaged in a closed aluminum alloy frame, are reserved with a signal transmitting window and are integrated into a temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11. In order to reduce the power consumption of the wireless transmitting unit, the temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 transmits the temperature feedback signal 1 time every 12 s. The temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 is arranged at the center of a variable-pitch maintenance cover plate 10 near the rotating shaft of the fan rotor 9. In order to reduce the influence of the temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 on the dynamic and static balance of the fan rotor 9, the variable-pitch overhaul cover plate 10 is redesigned and processed. Through calculation, under the condition that the strength is unchanged, the design of reducing the thickness of the variable-pitch overhaul cover plate 10 and opening a hole in the center is adopted, the temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 is installed in the center of the variable-pitch overhaul cover plate 10, and after the temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 is installed on the variable-pitch overhaul cover plate 10, the weight and the mass center of the fan rotor 9 are completely consistent with those of the original fan rotor.
In this embodiment, 27 fan blades are installed on the corresponding fan rotor, and each fan blade is installed with a temperature feedback sensor. If the temperature feedback signals of the 27 fan blades are transmitted to the temperature control system 13 at the same time, the technical difficulty is high and the requirement is not high. Considering that the working environment, the resistance of the heating unit and the heat dissipation conditions of the 27 fan blades are basically consistent, the 27 fan blades run in parallel and share one set of electric heating main loop and the temperature control system 13. At present, temperature feedback signals of 6 fan blades are taken at intervals and are connected into 6 variable-pitch access ports, only 1 temperature signal wireless transmitting module 11 is installed to wirelessly transmit 1 path of temperature feedback signals to a temperature control system 13, and the rest are reserved for standby.
The temperature feedback signal transmission adopts a wireless transmission mode, and the temperature feedback signals of the fan blades 7 are collected in real time through a ground receiving module, a signal conversion module and a temperature control system 13 collecting module, so that the temperature control system 13 can realize the closed-loop control and the logic linkage protection of the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blades 7.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. An anti-icing fan blade electric heating temperature closed-loop control method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially closing the heating circuit, controlling the carbon brushes of the conductive slip ring stator mechanism to move radially, pressing the carbon brushes of the conductive slip rings on two sides of the fan rotor on the surface of the copper ring of the conductive slip ring rotor mechanism, enabling the heating power supply and the fan blade heating unit to form a heating loop, selecting a temperature closed loop to meet a logic linkage condition, confirming the starting of electric heating, and supplying power and heating to the fan blade heating unit by the control system according to a set temperature;
step two: the fan blade temperature feedback signal is accessed to a wireless transmitting module arranged on a fan rotor through a lead, and then is accessed to a temperature control system as a temperature feedback signal through a ground receiving module, a conversion module and an acquisition module;
step three: the temperature control system automatically adjusts the voltage output of the heating power supply in real time according to the set temperature and the temperature feedback absolute difference value, and controls the current of the fan blade heating unit through adjusting the voltage so as to control the temperature change of the blades;
the method is characterized in that:
the temperature feedback wireless transmitting module is arranged on the fan rotor, is powered by a battery, has low-temperature protection and is in one-way communication with the temperature control system in a wireless transmission mode;
the temperature closed-loop control adopts variable-structure hierarchical control heating power supply output voltage, and different steps correspond to the output voltage value of the heating power supply according to set temperature and temperature feedback absolute difference, and specifically comprises the following steps:
setting the absolute difference value of the set temperature and the temperature feedback as a plurality of steps, wherein each step corresponds to one output voltage of the heating power supply; in a plurality of absolute difference steps, the step is gradually reduced from the first step to the last step in proper order, the output voltage value of every absolute difference step corresponding to the heating power supply is gradually reduced, the temperature control system controls the output voltage of the heating power supply according to the absolute difference of the temperature, and the heating start and the heating stop are respectively provided with logic chain:
when the rotating speed of a fan motor is more than or equal to 50rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the insulation of a heating loop is more than or equal to 5 MOmega, the humidity of the wind tunnel is more than or equal to 90 percent, the temperature of blades is less than or equal to 5 ℃, and heating starting is carried out after the conditions are met;
when the rotating speed of the fan motor is less than or equal to 5rpm, the total temperature of the wind tunnel is more than or equal to 5 ℃, the insulation of the heating loop is not less than or equal to 1M omega, and the temperature of the blade is more than or equal to 50 ℃, the heating is stopped after any condition is met.
2. The closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blade of claim 1, characterized in that the variable structure hierarchical control setting is divided into three steps:
the absolute temperature difference set for the first step is within 10 ℃, the corresponding power supply voltage is 135VDC,
the absolute temperature difference set for the second step is within 5 ℃, the corresponding power supply voltage is 50VDC,
the absolute difference of the temperature set by the third step is within 2 ℃, and the corresponding power supply voltage is 10 VDC.
3. The closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blade according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of absolute difference steps, the absolute difference value of the temperature and the corresponding power voltage value can be set differently according to different system environments, and the power voltage can be a direct current voltage or an alternating current voltage.
4. The closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blades as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature feedback wireless transmission module comprises a transmission unit, a power supply battery and a metal packaging shell, and is integrated into a module through low-temperature protection and insulation treatment and installed on a variable-pitch maintenance cover plate of the fan rotor.
5. The closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blades as claimed in claim 4, wherein after the temperature wireless transmission module is installed on the variable pitch maintenance cover plate of the fan rotor, the weight and the mass center of the variable pitch maintenance cover plate are completely consistent with those of the variable pitch maintenance cover plate without the temperature wireless transmission module.
6. The closed-loop control method for the electric heating temperature of the anti-icing fan blades as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness of the fan rotor variable-pitch access cover plate is reduced, a lightening hole is cut in the center of the fan rotor variable-pitch access cover plate, and the temperature wireless transmitting module is installed in the center of the variable-pitch access cover plate.
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