CN109870156A - A kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method - Google Patents

A kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method Download PDF

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CN109870156A
CN109870156A CN201711260659.0A CN201711260659A CN109870156A CN 109870156 A CN109870156 A CN 109870156A CN 201711260659 A CN201711260659 A CN 201711260659A CN 109870156 A CN109870156 A CN 109870156A
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van
micro
inertial navigation
navigation system
mechanical inertial
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CN109870156B (en
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王根
蔡善军
吴亮华
张怡欣
朱红
马涛
李永锋
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Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute BACEI
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Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute BACEI
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the unmanned automobile-used micro- inertial positioning technical fields of cargo transport of wisdom storehouse, and in particular to a kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method;Method includes the following steps: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system starts self-test first, after self-test success, control centre sends " initialization instruction " to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system;Secondly micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is initially prepared, and completes initial position bookbinding;Then control centre plans van driving path according to storage/access article position;After van receives the path planning of control centre, unidirectional positioning calculation is carried out using the accelerometer of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system in real time, Camera calibration is carried out, and control centre is sent to by wireless network in real time by obtained position coordinate value is resolved, completes the navigator fix of van.

Description

A kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the unmanned automobile-used micro- inertial positioning technical fields of cargo transport of wisdom storehouse, and in particular to it is a kind of it is automobile-used it is low at This micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method.
Background technique
With flourishing for " internet+", shopping online is in explosive growth, and quick despatch is more and more, storehouse construction Also increasing.It manually stores, extraction express mail has been unable to satisfy industry requirement.For this purpose, the express deliveries such as Alibaba, Jingdone district giant Intelligent storehouse is being built energetically, is realized using unmanned van (referred to as " van ") and is stored, extracts, distributing express mail.
The substantially workflow of van is as follows:
(1) van starting up determines current location and course angle, and is uniformly controlled by wireless network to storehouse (referred to as " control centre ") reports the information such as self-position and course at center.
(2) cargo transport garage is cooked up in position of the control centre according to the position, express mail to be mentioned of van in storehouse automatically Path is sailed, and route programming result is sent to van.
(3) after van receives path planning, according to the location information of itself real-time resolving, specified storage lattice are driven to Position carries out storage/access express mail, drives at specified storage/access goods later again, complete this subtask.
From the workflow of van it is found that van only grasps itself accurate location information in real time, could complete to deposit/ Take the task of express mail.
In recent years, Mierotubule-associated proteins are fast-developing, and the advantages such as at low cost, small in size, low in energy consumption have been widely applied to Each civil field.Using the information such as acceleration, magnetic heading of Mierotubule-associated proteins output, it can be achieved that navigator fix to van, Therefore, micro- inertial positioning technology is a kind of technological approaches for solving van orientation problem.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is autonomous Navigation locating method solves the problems, such as that freight positions.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration methods:
It is defined as follows two three-dimensional cartesian coordinate systems:
(1) van carrier coordinate system: with before van to for X-axis, be above vehicle Y-axis, on the right side of vehicle for the coordinate of Z axis System;
(2) navigational coordinate system: being N axis, day to the coordinate system for being E axis for U axis, east orientation with north orientation;
Storehouse is laid out by transverse and longitudinal grid lines, and van is travelled along grid lines, and transverse and longitudinal is intersected mesh point and is known as with regard to site, in place Point contains location tags, and van obtains current location according to location tags;Transverse and longitudinal grid lines interweaves nets hole out, if being arranged in net hole Dry storage lattice;
Storage lattice and position of the site in storehouse is demarcated in advance;
Shown in position coordinates form such as formula (1):
(N.XXXXX, E.XXXXX) (1)
In formula: N is the N articles motion profile from south to north, and E is the E articles motion profile from west to east;The subsequent XXXXX of N is Van and nearest south are with regard at a distance between site, unit cm;The subsequent XXXXX of E is van and nearest west with regard to site Between distance, unit cm;
(1) if van northwards or is southwards travelled along certain track, position coordinates are (N.XXXXX, E);
Then, E is the E articles north-south path that van is currently travelling, and N is the East and West direction nearest from van south Path, XXXXX is van with south recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;
(2) if van travels eastwards or westwards along certain track, position coordinates are (N, E.XXXXX);
Then, N is the N articles western east orientation path that van is currently travelling, and E is the north-south nearest from van west Path, XXXXX is van with west recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;
Step 1: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system starts self-test;
The micro-mechanical inertial navigation system includes micro-acceleration gauge module and micro- magnetometer module;When van storage/access goods, The starting of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system boot, self-test, and oneself state is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time;If self-test is lost It loses, then reports failure to control centre, wait to be repaired;If self-test success, is reported successfully to control centre, control centre passes through wireless Network sends initialization instruction to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system;
Step 2: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system initially prepares;
Location information starts when micro-mechanical inertial navigation system was shut down with last time;
The location information that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is saved when being shut down using last time is completed initial position and is bound;Utilize micro- magnetic strength The course angle that module calculates van is counted, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Mx、MzRespectively X and the output of Z-direction magnetometer, unit gauss;For magnetic declination, according to earth magnetic Field mode WMM2010 can proper geomagnetic declination, unit be °;For course angle, unit is ° that north by west is positive, and range exists (0 °, 360 °);
Van is only travelled along 4 directions of motion, and when storehouse due south, due east are laid out, van only has 4 course angle difference It is 0 ° of north orientation, west is to 90 °, 180 ° of south orientation, 270 ° of east orientation;
Therefore, the corresponding relationship of van traveling course angle and magnetic heading angle is as follows:
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains van current location and course angle, completes initial preparation;
Step 3: van driving path is planned;
After initial vehicle of freighting is ready, its current location, course and ready information are sent to control centre;Control Center processed according to van current location, to storage/access article position, plan driving path for van;
Step 4: Camera calibration;
After van receives the path planning of control centre, carried out in real time using the accelerometer of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Unidirectional positioning calculation, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula:Specific force output respectively after accelerometer factory calibration compensation, unit m/s2;Ax、 Ay、AzRespectively accelerometer is exported along the equivalent specific force of carrier system, theoretically Ay、AzIt is 0, unit m/s2;φx、φy、φzPoint Fix error angle not between accelerometer and carrier coordinate system, micro-mechanical inertial navigation system are packed into calibration after van, unit For rad;V is van travel speed, unit m/s;v0For van initial velocity, initial speed 0, unit m/s;P For the displacement of van direction of advance, unit m;
The P value of resolving is converted to the position coordinate value of formula (1) agreement, the position that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains resolving Coordinate value is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time.
This method is further comprising the steps of:
Step 5: zero-velocity curve micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error;
Van is intended to stop when equal Wait Orders, avoiding other vehicle conditions;
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system judges automatically whether van stops using 3 real-time output valves of accelerometer, judges to mark It is quasi- as follows:
In formula: Gate is threshold value, is set according to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system and actual use situation;A is less than Gate When, judge that van is stationary state.
The micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is calculated using binary channels:
(1) position externally exported all the way remains unchanged;
(2) another way normal position resolves, and calculates accelerometer bias according to velocity variable, equivalent relation is as follows:
In formula:For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;Δvx、Δvy、ΔvzFor resting stage Between velocity variable, unit m/s;Δ t is the zero-velocity curve time of van, unit s.
This method is further comprising the steps of:
Step 6: correcting micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error with regard to site;
Van drives to certain and is rotated with regard to site according to the path planning that control centre sets, after rotateing in place, Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system position is corrected using the location tags with regard to site.
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is in two location informations with regard to calculating 3 directions between site and the two of prior precise measurement It is a that site distance is matched, calculate three accelerometer bias;
In formula:Respectively indicate the moving displacement that three accelerometer actual measurements of van go out, unit m;For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;PBenchmarkFor two with regard to the actual range between site, that is, freight The practical distance walked of vehicle, unit m;T is from one with regard to site to next running time with regard to site, unit s.
The micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is started with dot position information in place;It is saved when the shutdown of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system last time Location information it is invalid when, control centre to van send " advances " or " retrogressings " travel instruction arrive at nearby in place click-through Row prepares;Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system utilizes the location tags with regard to site to obtain current location, completes initial position bookbinding;Utilize public affairs Formula (2), (3) calculate van course angle, complete initial preparation.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
A kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of the invention, is calculated using micro-acceleration gauge Van mileage travelled calculates traveling course using micro- magnetometer, using the fixed motion profile feature of storehouse and with regard to site Location tags correct positioning result.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of storehouse schematic layout pattern of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of van of the present invention with regard to site relation schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment to a kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration of the invention Method elaborates.
The present invention is defined as follows two three-dimensional cartesian coordinate systems:
(1) van carrier coordinate system: with before van to for X-axis, be above vehicle Y-axis, on the right side of vehicle for the coordinate of Z axis System;
(2) navigational coordinate system: being N axis, day to the coordinate system for being E axis for U axis, east orientation with north orientation;
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of layout of typical case's storehouse:
Storehouse is laid out by transverse and longitudinal grid lines, and van is travelled along grid lines, and transverse and longitudinal intersects mesh point and is known as " with regard to site ", just Site contains " location tags ", and van can obtain current location according to " location tags ";Each transverse and longitudinal grid lines interweaves nets hole out, net Several storage lattice are set in hole, for storing express mail and other items;
Storage lattice and demarcating in advance with regard to position of the site in storehouse obtain;
Storehouse is 2 dimension horizontal planes, and micro-mechanical inertial navigation system need to only provide 2 location informations of transverse and longitudinal and can realize to van Positioning, in conjunction with van only along 1 direction running the characteristics of, the present invention devises following position coordinates form:
(N.XXXXX, E.XXXXX) (1)
In formula: N is that the N articles motion profile, E are the E articles motion profiles from west to east in Fig. 1 from south to north in Fig. 1;N Subsequent XXXXX is van with nearest south with regard at a distance between site, unit cm;The subsequent XXXXX of E be van with most Nearly west is with regard to the distance between site, unit cm;
(1) if van northwards or is southwards travelled along certain track, position coordinates are (N.XXXXX, E);
Then, E is the E articles north-south path that van is currently travelling, and N is the East and West direction nearest from van south Path, XXXXX is van with south recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;Such as: coordinate (3.00050,2) refers in place The position of point (3,2) north orientation 50cm;
(2) if van travels eastwards or westwards along certain track, position coordinates are (N, E.XXXXX);
Then, N is the N articles western east orientation path that van is currently travelling, and E is the north-south nearest from van west Path, XXXXX is van with west recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;Such as: coordinate (3,2.00050) refers in place The position of point (3,2) east orientation 50cm.
A kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system starts self-test;
The micro-mechanical inertial navigation system includes micro-acceleration gauge module and micro- magnetometer module;When van storage/access goods, The starting of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system boot, self-test, and oneself state is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time;If self-test is lost It loses, then reports " failure " to control centre, wait to be repaired;If self-test success, is reported successfully, control centre passes through nothing to control centre Gauze network sends " initialization instruction " to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system;
Step 2: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system initially prepares;
The initial preparation mode of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system includes following two:
(1) location information starting (default behavior) when being shut down with last time;
The location information that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is saved when being shut down using last time is completed initial position and is bound;Utilize micro- magnetic strength The course angle (calibration in advance) that module calculates van is counted, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Mx、MzRespectively X and the output of Z-direction magnetometer, unit gauss;For magnetic declination, according to earth magnetic Field mode WMM2010 can proper geomagnetic declination, unit be °;For course angle, unit is ° that north by west is positive, and range exists (0 °, 360 °);
Van is only travelled along 4 directions of motion, therefore it is respectively 0 ° of north orientation that van, which only has 4 course angles, west to 90 °, 180 ° of south orientation, 270 ° of east orientation (assuming that storehouse due south, due east layout);
Therefore, the corresponding relationship of van traveling course angle and magnetic heading angle is as follows:
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains van current location and course angle, completes initial preparation;
(2) with dot position information in place starting;
When the location information saved when the shutdown of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system last time is invalid, control centre sends to van The instruction of " advance " or " retrogressing " traveling is arrived at point in place nearby and is prepared;Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system utilizes the position with regard to site Label obtains current location, completes initial position bookbinding;Van course angle is calculated using formula (2), (3), is completed initial quasi- Standby work;
Step 3: van driving path is planned;
After initial vehicle of freighting is ready, its current location, course and the information such as ready are sent to control centre; Control centre according to van current location, to storage/access express mail position, plan driving path for van;
Step 4: Camera calibration
After van receives the path planning of control centre, carried out in real time using the accelerometer of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Unidirectional positioning calculation, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula:Specific force output respectively after accelerometer factory calibration compensation, unit m/s2;Ax、 Ay、AzRespectively accelerometer is exported along the equivalent specific force of carrier system, theoretically Ay、AzIt is 0, unit m/s2;φx、φy、φzPoint Fix error angle not between accelerometer and carrier coordinate system, micro-mechanical inertial navigation system are packed into calibration after van, unit For rad;V is van travel speed, unit m/s;v0For van initial velocity, initial speed 0, unit m/s;P For the displacement of van direction of advance, unit m;
The P value of resolving is converted to the position coordinate value of formula (1) agreement, the position that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains resolving Coordinate value is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time;
Step 5: zero-velocity curve micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error;
Van is intended to stop when equal Wait Orders, avoiding other vehicles;
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system judges automatically whether van stops using 3 real-time output valves of accelerometer, judges to mark It is quasi- as follows:
In formula: Gate is threshold value, is set according to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system and actual use situation;A is less than Gate When, judge that van is stationary state;
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is calculated using binary channels:
(1) position externally exported all the way remains unchanged;
(2) another way normal position resolves, and calculates accelerometer bias according to velocity variable, equivalent relation is as follows:
In formula:For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;Δvx、Δvy、ΔvzFor resting stage Between velocity variable, unit m/s;Δ t is the zero-velocity curve time of van, unit s;
The accelerometer bias value amendment accelerometer output of calculating, improves micro-mechanical inertial navigation system accuracy;
Step 6: correcting micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error with regard to site
Site is rotated (such as according to the path planning that control centre sets as shown in Figure 1, van drives to certain Turn left 90 °, turn right 90 °), after rotateing in place, micro-mechanical inertial navigation system position is corrected using the location tags with regard to site;
It is surveyed in addition, micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is accurate in two location informations with regard to calculating 3 directions between site and in advance Two of amount are matched with regard to site distance, three accelerometer bias can be calculated, as shown in Fig. 2 and formula (7);
In Fig. 2Respectively indicate the moving displacement that three accelerometer actual measurements of van go out;
In formula:For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;PBenchmarkFor two with regard to the reality between site The practical distance walked of border distance, i.e. van, unit m;T be from one with regard to site to it is next with regard to site when driving Between, unit s;The accelerometer bias value amendment accelerometer output of calculating, improves micro-mechanical inertial navigation system accuracy.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method, which is characterized in that this method includes following Step:
It is defined as follows two three-dimensional cartesian coordinate systems:
(1) van carrier coordinate system: with before van to for X-axis, be above vehicle Y-axis, on the right side of vehicle for the coordinate system of Z axis;
(2) navigational coordinate system: being N axis, day to the coordinate system for being E axis for U axis, east orientation with north orientation;
Storehouse is laid out by transverse and longitudinal grid lines, and van is travelled along grid lines, and transverse and longitudinal intersects mesh point and is known as containing with regard to site with regard to site Location tags, van obtain current location according to location tags;Transverse and longitudinal grid lines interweaves nets hole out, nets and several deposit is arranged in hole Object lattice;
Storage lattice and position of the site in storehouse is demarcated in advance;
Shown in position coordinates form such as formula (1):
(N.XXXXX, E.XXXXX) (1)
In formula: N is the N articles motion profile from south to north, and E is the E articles motion profile from west to east;The subsequent XXXXX of N is cargo transport Vehicle and nearest south are with regard at a distance between site, unit cm;The subsequent XXXXX of E is van and nearest west with regard between site Distance, unit cm;
(1) if van northwards or is southwards travelled along certain track, position coordinates are (N.XXXXX, E);
Then, E is the E articles north-south path that van is currently travelling, and N is the East and West direction road nearest from van south Diameter, XXXXX is van with south recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;
(2) if van travels eastwards or westwards along certain track, position coordinates are (N, E.XXXXX);
Then, N is the N articles western east orientation path that van is currently travelling, and E is the north-south road nearest from van west Diameter, XXXXX is van with west recently with regard at a distance between site after decimal point;
Step 1: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system starts self-test;
The micro-mechanical inertial navigation system includes micro-acceleration gauge module and micro- magnetometer module;When van storage/access goods, microcomputer Tool inertial navigation system starting up, self-test, and oneself state is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time;If fail self-test, Failure then is reported to control centre, is waited to be repaired;If self-test success, is reported successfully, control centre passes through wireless network to control centre Network sends initialization instruction to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system;
Step 2: micro-mechanical inertial navigation system initially prepares;
Location information starts when micro-mechanical inertial navigation system was shut down with last time;
The location information that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is saved when being shut down using last time is completed initial position and is bound;Utilize micro- magnetometer mould Block calculates the course angle of van, and calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Mx、MzRespectively X and the output of Z-direction magnetometer, unit gauss;For magnetic declination, according to earth magnetic field mould Formula WMM2010 can proper geomagnetic declination, unit be °;For course angle, unit is ° that north by west is positive, range (0 °, 360°);
Van is only travelled along 4 directions of motion, and when storehouse due south, due east are laid out, it is respectively north that van, which only has 4 course angles, To 0 °, west is to 90 °, 180 ° of south orientation, 270 ° of east orientation;
Therefore, the corresponding relationship of van traveling course angle and magnetic heading angle is as follows:
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains van current location and course angle, completes initial preparation;
Step 3: van driving path is planned;
After initial vehicle of freighting is ready, its current location, course and ready information are sent to control centre;In control The heart according to van current location, to storage/access article position, plan driving path for van;
Step 4: Camera calibration;
After van receives the path planning of control centre, carried out in real time using the accelerometer of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system unidirectional Positioning calculation, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula:Specific force output respectively after accelerometer factory calibration compensation, unit m/s2;Ax、Ay、Az Respectively accelerometer is exported along the equivalent specific force of carrier system, theoretically Ay、AzIt is 0, unit m/s2;φx、φy、φzRespectively Fix error angle between accelerometer and carrier coordinate system, micro-mechanical inertial navigation system are packed into calibration after van, and unit is rad;V is van travel speed, unit m/s;v0For van initial velocity, initial speed 0, unit m/s;P is The displacement of van direction of advance, unit m;
The P value of resolving is converted to the position coordinate value of formula (1) agreement, the position coordinates that micro-mechanical inertial navigation system obtains resolving Value is sent to control centre by wireless network in real time.
2. the automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of one kind according to claim 1, feature It is, this method is further comprising the steps of:
Step 5: zero-velocity curve micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error;
Van is intended to stop when equal Wait Orders, avoiding other vehicle conditions;
Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system judges automatically whether van stops using 3 real-time output valves of accelerometer, and judgment criteria is such as Under:
In formula: Gate is threshold value, is set according to micro-mechanical inertial navigation system and actual use situation;When A is less than Gate, sentence Disconnected van out is stationary state.
3. the automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of one kind according to claim 2, feature It is, the micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is calculated using binary channels:
(1) position externally exported all the way remains unchanged;
(2) another way normal position resolves, and calculates accelerometer bias according to velocity variable, equivalent relation is as follows:
In formula:For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;Δvx、Δvy、ΔvzFor quiescent period speed Spend variable quantity, unit m/s;Δ t is the zero-velocity curve time of van, unit s.
4. the automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of one kind according to claim 1 or 2, special Sign is that this method is further comprising the steps of:
Step 6: correcting micro-mechanical inertial navigation systematic error with regard to site;
Van drives to certain and is rotated with regard to site according to the path planning that control centre sets, and after rotateing in place, utilizes Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system position is corrected with regard to the location tags in site.
5. the automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of one kind according to claim 4, feature It is: two in two location informations with regard to calculating 3 directions between site and prior precise measurement of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Site distance is matched, three accelerometer bias are calculated;
In formula:Respectively indicate the moving displacement that three accelerometer actual measurements of van go out, unit m;For equivalent accelerometer bias, unit m/s2;PBenchmarkFor two with regard to the actual range between site, that is, freight The practical distance walked of vehicle, unit m;T is from one with regard to site to next running time with regard to site, unit s.
6. the automobile-used inexpensive micro-mechanical inertial navigation system Camera calibration method of one kind according to claim 1, feature It is, the micro-mechanical inertial navigation system is started with dot position information in place;It is saved when the shutdown of micro-mechanical inertial navigation system last time When location information is invalid, point progress in place nearby is arrived to the instruction that van sends " advance " or " retrogressing " traveling by control centre Prepare;Micro-mechanical inertial navigation system utilizes the location tags with regard to site to obtain current location, completes initial position bookbinding;Utilize formula (2), (3) calculate van course angle, complete initial preparation.
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