CN109848355A - Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet - Google Patents
Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet Download PDFInfo
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- CN109848355A CN109848355A CN201910158390.8A CN201910158390A CN109848355A CN 109848355 A CN109848355 A CN 109848355A CN 201910158390 A CN201910158390 A CN 201910158390A CN 109848355 A CN109848355 A CN 109848355A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/027—Setting rivets by friction heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet, by the driving head coaxial arrangement by semitubular rivet and connected mold and rivet cover upper groove is meshed with the boss of driving head, setting driving head drive driving rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, the mode riveting of low speed feeding enters to connecting material;Stop rotating rivet in second stage, and it is fed with higher rate, avoid heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promote rivet force, strut rivet bottom end outward under the action of to connecting material deformation drag, it is formed mechanical interlocked, simultaneously under the squeezing action of rivet fast feed, rivet-workpiece in connector, each interfacial gap is eliminated between workpiece-workpiece, interface passes through thermal diffusion at high temperature and forms solid diffusivity, the present invention can be obviously improved the interference interlocking effect of mechanical connection, and in rivet and workpiece, solid diffusivity is formed between workpiece and workpiece, obtain machinery-solid phase composite-joint.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of material connection area, specifically a kind of two-part based on semitubular rivet
Machinery-solid phase composite connecting method.
Background technique
Light weight alloy component point connection with rivet with friction stir spot welding based on.Riveting process by the way of punching press,
It is plastically deformed rivet and/or workpiece to be connected, interference interlocking is formed, realizes mechanical connection.Riveting process is usually in room
Temperature is lower to be carried out, and in order to obtain ideal interference interlocking effect, needs to apply larger stamping press, structural strength to riveting equipment and
The intensity requirement of rigidity, the reliability of ram driving mechanism and rivet itself is high and formed punch and mold loss are serious.In addition,
Large plastometric set to the lower light-alloy of ductility at room temperature, such as 7 line aluminium alloys, magnesium alloy, cast aluminium, in riveting process
It is easy that material is made to crack, seriously affects joint performance.Friction stir spot Welding is by the rotation of tool heads, insertion and returns
The movement such as pumping makes wait connect heat production in workpiece, and under the collective effect of pressure and stirring movement that tool heads generate wait connect
Workpiece forms solid diffusivity.For heat-treatable strengthened light-alloy, such as 2 systems, 6 systems, 7 line aluminium alloys, by friction thermal softening
Influence, strength of joint loss is serious.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, proposes a kind of two-part machinery-based on semitubular rivet
Solid phase composite connecting method, rotary motion and feed motion by coordinated control rivet in the different process stage, elevating mechanism
The interference interlocking effect of connection, and solid diffusivity is formed between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece, it is multiple to obtain machinery-solid phase
Splice grafting head.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention passes through the driving head coaxial arrangement and rivet cover upper groove and driving by semitubular rivet and connected mold
Head boss be meshed, setting driving head drive rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, low speed feeding mode riveting enter
To connecting material, is changed the line of production raw frictional heat by rivet rotary, promote workpiece temperature to be connected, avoid low ductile material from cracking, together
When reduce rivet riveting enter resistance so that rivet reaches wait connect the conversion level in workpiece;After completing the first stage,
Stop rotating rivet in second stage, and is fed with higher rate, avoids heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promotes riveting
Power struts rivet bottom end outward under the action of to connecting material deformation drag, is formed mechanical interlocked while quick in rivet
Under the squeezing action of feeding, each interfacial gap is eliminated between rivet-workpiece, workpiece-workpiece in connector, and interface leads at high temperature
Overheat diffuses to form solid diffusivity.
The second stage completes solid diffusivity, i.e., when rivet is fed to predetermined depth, driving head feed reversing is returned
To original position.
The solid diffusivity refers to: each interfacial gap is eliminated near rivet, realizes at least one following interface two
The solid diffusivity of side material:
1. the interface of retention metal and lower layer's workpiece on the inside of rivet;
2. the interface of workpiece and workpiece material on the outside of rivet;
3. the interface of retention metal and rivet inner wall on the inside of rivet;
4. the interface of workpiece material and rivet outer wall on the outside of rivet.
The completion of the first stage is determined according to thickness of workpiece to be connected and material property, is specifically needed while full
Foot: rivet has penetrated all workpiece in addition to lower layer's workpiece, it may be assumed thatWherein: hiFor i-th layer of work
The thickness of part, n is the number of plies for being connected workpiece and n >=2, D are conversion level, and to treat connection workpiece sufficiently soft for frictional heat
Change.
The workpiece to be connected includes at least two layers of workpiece.
Lower layer's workpiece refers to: the workpiece being in contact above connected mold and with connected mold
The abundant softening uses following any operation or combinations thereof with determination:
A) workpiece surface to be connected is measured apart from rivet edge 3-10mm using modes such as infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouples
The temperature at place determines that material sufficiently softens when the temperature is increased to the 20%-50% wait connect workpiece fusing point;
B) temperature that connected mould upper surface center is measured using modes such as insertion thermocouples, when temperature is increased to wait connect
When the 15%-30% of workpiece fusing point, determine that material sufficiently softens;
C) reaction force that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak F of reaction force1, when reaction force is
0.3~0.6F is dropped to after one peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
D) reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak value M of reaction torque1, when reaction is turned round
Square drops to 0.3~0.6M after first peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
E) reaction force, the reaction torque that are subject to of measurement driving head, and record the process time, to gross energy input E into
Row calculates, when gross energy input E is greater than preset value E0When, determine that material sufficiently softens,Wherein: F is the reaction force that driving head is subject to, and M is the reaction that driving head is subject to
Torque, f are the rivet feed rate of technical process first stage, and ω is the rivet rotation speed of technical process first stage, Δ t
For process time, E0It is estimated by the thickness and physical characteristic of material: E0The π of=C × ρ × H × 4 Rrivet 2× Δ T, in which: C
For workpiece specific heat capacity to be connected, ρ is workpiece density to be connected, and H is the overall thickness for being connected workpiece,N is to be connected
Meet the number of plies of workpiece, RrivetFor the radius of the shaft of rivet, Δ T is rivet 2R nearbyrivetThe average temperature of workpiece to be connected in range
It rises, Δ T=0.2~0.5Tm, TmFor the fusing point of workpiece to be connected;
F) a fixed conversion level is set according to test result and experience.
It is possible to further which the technique first stage to be divided into the sub-stage of feed rate several different and/or revolving speed,
Realize the finely regulating to heat input, to obtain optimal machinery-solid phase composite joint effect, the feeding of all sub-stages is deep
The sum of degree is conversion level D.
The semitubular rivet includes: the rivet cover and the shaft of rivet of integrally connected, in which: the upper end of rivet cover, which is equipped with, to be used
Protrusion and/or positioning groove are uniformly distributed in transmitting torque.
The shaft of rivet is hollow structure, and bottom end is equipped with wedge-shaped cone angle, the inside and outside wall of rivet can be smooth structure or
Equipped with structures such as screw thread, grooves.
The connected mold includes: driving head and mold, in which: driving head passes through at the top of boss and semitubular rivet
Groove matches and is co-located above workpiece to be connected, and mold is located at below workpiece to be connected, which has axial straight
The ability of line movement and the movement that rotates in a circumferential direction.
The position of the upper surface face rivet of the connected mold is equipped with for cooperating the rivet control material flowing
Fixed structure, the shape of the fixed structure includes but is not limited to: flat bottomed recess, the groove of Intermediate Gray protrusion, plate and logical
Hole etc..
Technical effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention realizes between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece on the basis of mechanical connection
Solid diffusivity, improve the integral strength and rigidity of connector;By the reasonable control to segmentation conversion level, soften wait connect
Workpiece reduces rivet force, while improving the reliability of mechanical self-latching again;Turned by the rivet to the first stage in technical process
Speed, feed rate and conversion level regulate and control heat input, by heat input control in required range, sufficiently lower light
Softening caused by alloy friction is heated, and refined crystalline strengthening effect, the second stage fast feed generated by agitating friction process
The working hardening of generation acts on and the common reinforcing joint of solid diffusivity, effectively reduces thermal softening to connected workpiece material
The negative effect of energy, enhances the static strength and dynamic fatigue lifetime of connector.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of semitubular rivet;
Fig. 2 is process drawing of the invention;
In figure: a is driving head and semitubular rivet coaxial cooperation figure;B is that technique first stage driving head drives semi-hollow
Rivet high speed rotation low speed feeding figure;C is that technique second stage driving head drives semitubular rivet high speed feed figure;D is rivet
It is fed to final predetermined depth and forms machinery-solid phase composite-joint figure;E is driving head feed reversing return figure;
Fig. 3 is machinery-solid phase composite-joint schematic diagram that the present invention obtains;
In figure: semitubular rivet 1, driving head 2, be connected mold 3, to connecting plate 4, machinery-solid phase composite-joint 5, groove
101, rivet cover 102, the shaft of rivet 103, top plate 401, lower plywood 402, rivet inside retain metal 403.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, environment is embodied for the present embodiment, comprising: semitubular rivet 1, driving head 2 and connected mold 3,
Wherein: driving head 2 is matched with the groove 101 at 1 top of semitubular rivet by boss and is co-located at the upper of workpiece 4 to be connect
Side, the mold 3 that is connected are located at the lower section of workpiece 4 to be connected.
As shown in Figure 1, semitubular rivet 1 employed in the present embodiment includes: the rivet cover 102 and rivet of integrally connected
Body 103, in which: the groove 101 and the shaft of rivet 103 in 102 center of rivet cover are coaxially disposed.
The inside and outside wall of the shaft of rivet 103 is smooth structure, internal diameter 4.3mm, outer diameter 5.3mm, and depth is
4mm。
The bottom end of the shaft of rivet 103 is equipped with the wedge-shaped cone angle 104 that angle is 45 °.
The boss of the driving head 2 has identical taper to realize semi-hollow riveting with the groove 101 in 102 center of rivet cover
The axial feed motion of nail 1 and rotary motion.
The connected mold 3 is that the cavity plate of Intermediate Gray protrusion, the wherein height of heart convex apexes and cavity plate outer edge are flat
Together.
3 center of connected mold is embedded in thermocouple, records the temperature at mould upper surface center in technical process at any time
Between change procedure.
The top plate 401 and lower plywood 402 of the workpiece to be connected 4 are aluminium alloy AA7075-T6, and thickness is
2.0mm。
The present embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
1) table on the corresponding connected mold 3 of the conversion level D of first stage is determined according to the material melting point of workpiece 4 to be connected
The target temperature at face center is 100 DEG C;
2) it is meshed by the groove 101 in rivet cover 102 with the boss of driving head 2, makes semitubular rivet 1 and driving head
2 coaxial arrangements;
3) driving head 2 is under the action of servo motor with the linear velocity axial feed of 50mm/s to distance workpiece 4 to be connected
At the 2mm of upper surface;
4) driving head 2 drive rivet 1 in the technique first stage with revolving speed 4000r/min, feed rate 2.0mm/s riveting enter to
Workpiece 4 is connected, heat is generated by the rubbing action between the shaft of rivet 103 and workpiece to be connected 4, makes 4 temperature of workpiece to be connected
It increases, softener material, reduces riveting and enter resistance;
5) when the temperature at the 3 upper surface center of mold that is connected is increased to 100 DEG C and feeding depth is greater than the thickness of top plate 401
When 2.0mm, technical process enters second stage, and rivet 1 stops rotating, and with the rate high speed feed of 20mm/s, promotes rivet force,
It struts 103 bottom end of the shaft of rivet outward under the action of 4 deformation drag of workpiece to be connected, is formed mechanical interlocked;Simultaneously in rivet 1
Squeezing action under, the gap between 103 medial and lateral of the shaft of rivet and workpiece to be connected 401 and 402 is eliminated.
6) when rivet 1 is fed to predetermined depth 5.3mm, driving head feed reversing is back to original position.
As shown in figure 3, three interfaces form solid diffusivity in finally formed machinery-solid phase composite-joint 5,
It include: the interface 1. retained on the inside of rivet 1 between metal 403 and lower layer's workpiece 402;2. the shaft of rivet 103 and its inside retention gold
Belong to the interface between 403;3. the interface between the shaft of rivet 103 and its outside lower layer workpiece 402.
Compared with prior art, the present embodiment for 2.0mm thickness aluminium alloy 7075-T6 material it is connected during most
Big rivet force is 27.6kN, compared with the existing rivet force 62.5kN for using traditional self-piercing riveting method, reduces 55.8%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 470Mpa, obtains the flat of connector with using traditional self-piercing riveting
Equal tensile-sbear strength 225MPa, is compared with using the average tensile-sbear strength 357MPa of backfill formula friction stir spot plumb joint, is increased respectively
109% and 31.6% are added.
Embodiment 2
Compared with Example 1, the top plate 401 of the workpiece to be connected 4 of the present embodiment with a thickness of 2.2mm, material is aluminium
Alloy AA6061-T6, lower plywood 402 with a thickness of 2.0mm, material is magnesium alloy AZ31B.
Compared with Example 1, the rivet revolving speed for the technique first stage that the present embodiment uses is 3600r/min, feeding speed
Rate is 1.0mm/s, and the feed rate of second stage is 11mm/s.
Compared with Example 1, the conversion level D of the first stage in the present embodiment passes through infrared heat image instrument measuring top plate
Temperature of 401 upper surfaces at rivet edge 4.0mm determines, when the temperature is greater than 125 DEG C and feeding depth is greater than upper layer
When plate thickness 2.2mm, technical process enters second stage.
Other parameters in the present embodiment are same as Example 1.
Compared with prior art, magnesium alloy of the present embodiment for aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 and the 2.0mm thickness of 2.2mm thickness
AZ31B it is connected during maximum rivet force be 14.1kN, with the existing rivet force using traditional self-piercing riveting method
40.0kN is compared, and reduces 64.8%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 198Mpa, obtains the flat of connector with using traditional self-piercing riveting
Equal tensile-sbear strength 124MPa is compared, and increases 59.7%.
Embodiment 3
Compared with Example 1, the top plate 401 of the workpiece to be connected 4 of the present embodiment is the aluminium alloy of thickness 1.5mm
AA5182-O, lower plywood 402 are the aluminium alloy AA5182-O of thickness 2.0mm.
Compared with Example 1, the rivet revolving speed for the technique first stage that the present embodiment uses is 3000r/min, feeding speed
Rate is 2.0mm/s, and the feed rate of second stage is 10mm/s.
Compared with Example 1, the conversion level D in the present embodiment is rule of thumb set as 2.0mm.
Other parameters in the present embodiment are same as Example 1.
Compared with prior art, aluminium alloy of the present embodiment for aluminium alloy AA5182-O and the 2.0mm thickness of 1.5mm thickness
AA5182-O it is connected during maximum rivet force be 19.9kN, with the existing rivet force using traditional self-piercing riveting method
40.2kN is compared, and reduces 50.5%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 218Mpa, puts down with the connector obtained using traditional self-piercing riveting
Equal tensile-sbear strength 197MPa is compared, and increases 26.3%;Gao Zhoula-drawing of the connector that this method obtains under 2.3kN load is tired
The labor service life is 1,700,000 times, and low La-drawing fatigue life in week under 3.5kN load is 150,000 times, is connect with using traditional self-piercing riveting
It fatigue life of the head under same load, is compared with 4.4 ten thousand times for 950,000 times, improves 79% and 241% respectively.
Compared with prior art present invention has an advantage that (1) reduces the rivet force needed in technical process, reduce
Requirement to device structure intensity, rigidity and drive system ability, while technical process is reduced to the damage of formed punch and mold
Consumption;(2) solid diffusivity that multiple interfaces between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece are realized on the basis of mechanical connection, mentions
The high integral strength and rigidity of connector;(3) heat input control is realized into the appropriate softening to material in required range,
And the working hardening that refined crystalline strengthening effect, the second stage fast feed generated by agitating friction process generates acts on and consolidates
Be connected common reinforcing joint, effectively reduces negative effect of the thermal softening to connected workpiece material performance;(4) Gu it is mechanical-
Phase composite joint improves the fatigue life of connector.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode carry out local directed complete set to it, protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute
Limit, each implementation within its scope is by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet, which is characterized in that by by semi-hollow
Rivet is with the coaxial arrangement of the driving head of connected mold and rivet cover upper groove is meshed with the boss of driving head, and setting driving head drives
Dynamic rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, the mode riveting of low speed feeding enter to connecting material, changed the line of production life by rivet rotary
Frictional heat promotes workpiece temperature to be connected, and avoids low ductile material from cracking, while the riveting for reducing rivet enters resistance so that riveting
Nail reaches wait connect the conversion level in workpiece;After completing the first stage, stop rotating rivet in second stage, and with compared with
High-speed feeding, avoids heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promotes rivet force, and rivet bottom end is made to deform resistance to connecting material
It is strutted outward under the action of power, formation is mechanical interlocked, while under the squeezing action of rivet fast feed, rivet-work in connector
Each interfacial gap is eliminated between part, workpiece-workpiece, and interface passes through thermal diffusion at high temperature and forms solid diffusivity;
The solid diffusivity refers to: each interfacial gap is eliminated near rivet, realizes at least one following interface two sides material
The solid diffusivity of material:
1. the interface of retention metal and lower layer's workpiece on the inside of rivet;
2. the interface of workpiece and workpiece material on the outside of rivet;
3. the interface of retention metal and rivet inner wall on the inside of rivet;
4. the interface of workpiece material and rivet outer wall on the outside of rivet.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the completion of the first stage is thick according to workpiece to be connected
Degree and material property determine that specific to need while meeting: rivet has penetrated all workpiece in addition to lower layer's workpiece, it may be assumed that Wherein: hiFor the thickness of i-th layer of workpiece, n is the number of plies for being connected workpiece and n >=2, D are conversion
Depth, and frictional heat is treated connection workpiece and is sufficiently softened.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the abundant softening, using it is following it is any operation or
A combination thereof is with determination:
A) workpiece surface to be connected is measured at rivet edge 3-10mm using modes such as infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouples
Temperature determines that material sufficiently softens when the temperature is increased to the 20%-50% wait connect workpiece fusing point;
B) temperature that connected mould upper surface center is measured using modes such as insertion thermocouples, when temperature is increased to workpiece to be connected
When the 15%-30% of fusing point, determine that material sufficiently softens;
C) reaction force that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak F of reaction force1, when reaction force is at first peak
0.3~0.6F is dropped to after value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
D) reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak value M of reaction torque1, when reaction torque is
0.3~0.6M is dropped to after one peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
E) reaction force, reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, and the process time is recorded, gross energy input E is counted
It calculates, when gross energy input E is greater than preset value E0When, determine that material sufficiently softens,Wherein: F is the reaction force that driving head is subject to, and M is the reaction that driving head is subject to
Torque, f are the rivet feed rate of technical process first stage, and ω is the rivet rotation speed of technical process first stage, Δ t
For process time, E0It is estimated by the thickness and physical characteristic of material: E0The π of=C × ρ × H × 4 Rrivet 2× Δ T, in which: C
For workpiece specific heat capacity to be connected, ρ is workpiece density to be connected, and H is the overall thickness for being connected workpiece,N is to be connected
Meet the number of plies of workpiece, RrivetFor the radius of the shaft of rivet, Δ T is rivet 2R nearbyrivetThe average temperature of workpiece to be connected in range
It rises, Δ T=0.2~0.5Tm, TmFor the fusing point of workpiece to be connected;
F) a fixed conversion level is set according to test result and experience.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the first stage is divided into feed rate several different
And/or the sub-stage of revolving speed, realize the finely regulating to heat input, so that optimal machinery-solid phase composite joint effect is obtained,
The sum of feeding depth of all sub-stages is conversion level D.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the semitubular rivet includes: the rivet cover of integrally connected
And the shaft of rivet, in which: the upper end of rivet cover be equipped with for transmit torque be uniformly distributed protrusion and/or positioning groove.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the shaft of rivet be hollow structure, bottom end be equipped with wedge shape cone
Angle, the inside and outside wall of rivet can be smooth structure or be equipped with the structures such as screw thread, groove.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connected mold includes: driving head and mold, in which:
Driving head is matched with the groove at the top of semitubular rivet by boss and is co-located above workpiece to be connect, mold be located to
It connects below workpiece, which has the ability of axial linear movement and the movement that rotates in a circumferential direction.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the position of the upper surface face rivet of the connected mold is set
There is the fixed structure for cooperating the rivet control material flowing.
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CN114233733A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Improved structural rivet for forming flat bottom rivet of sheet material |
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CN114233733A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Improved structural rivet for forming flat bottom rivet of sheet material |
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