CN109842577A - A kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring methods, comprising: current frame data is obtained, wherein the current frame data includes pilot sub-carrier, data auxiliary subcarrier and data subcarrier；The pilot sub-carrier is decoded and the first channel estimation obtains the first estimated value；Decoding reconstruct is carried out to data auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated to obtain the second estimated value；Third estimated value is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value；Present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value；Coding mode selection is modulated to next frame data according to the present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio.Channel quality measuring method provided by the invention reduces influence of the high dynamic to channel estimation of mobile ad hoc network in the prior art, improves the throughput performance and reliability of communication system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication fields, and in particular to a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel estimation method.
Background technique
The performance of wireless communication system is largely influenced by wireless channel.In mobile ad hoc network field, due to
The factors such as the movement of node and the reflection of surrounding enviroment are led so that the propagation path between transmitter and receiver is extremely complex
The number of writing can occurrence frequency Selective intensity and rapid fading in transmission process.In OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing, i.e. orthogonal frequency division multiplexi) system relevant detection in need to estimate channel,
The precision of channel estimation will directly affect the performance of whole system.In order to accurately restore the transmission of transmitting terminal in receiving end
Signal, people resist influence of the multipath effect to transmission signal using various measures, and the realization of channel estimation technique needs
Know the information of wireless channel, i.e. channel state information (CSI), such as the order of channel, Doppler frequency shift and multidiameter delay or
The parameters such as the impulse response of channel.Therefore, channel parameter estimation is to realize a key technology of wireless communication system.It can
Detailed channel information is obtained, is to measure a wireless communication system to correctly demodulate transmitting signal in receiving end
The important indicator of energy.It therefore, is a significant job for the research of channel parameter estimation algorithm.
Channel state information (CSI) is usually to be obtained by using pilot tone training symbol, and transmitter and receiver is all known
These symbols of road to carry out channel estimation, and carry out channel compensation for recipient to decode.In application OFDM technology
In mobile ad hoc network, the insertion of the structure and pilot schemes of channel estimation and physical layer frame has and its close relationship.Base
In the channel estimation of training symbol, preferable performance usually can be provided.By sending known training sequence, in receiving end
Initial channel estimation is carried out, when sending useful information data, one is carried out using initial channel estimation results and sentences
It certainly updates, completes real-time channel estimation.Based on the channel estimation of frequency pilot sign by being inserted into the useful data of transmission
The frequency pilot sign known, the channel estimation results of available pilot frequency locations, followed by the channel estimation results of pilot frequency locations,
The channel estimation results of useful data position are obtained by interpolation, complete channel estimation.
However, the high dynamic due to mobile ad hoc network causes serious influence to channel estimation, it was inserted into frequency domain
More pilot sub-carriers or time domain is inserted into excessive frequency pilot sign and carries out channel estimation, so that the handling capacity of communication system
The loss of energy is very big, and in a packet, a small amount of pilot sub-carrier and frequency pilot sign can not provide accurate channel estimation again,
System reliability is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel matter
Quantity measuring method.The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method, comprising:
Current frame data is obtained, wherein the current frame data includes pilot sub-carrier, data auxiliary subcarrier and data
Subcarrier；
The pilot sub-carrier is decoded and the first channel estimation obtains the first estimated value；
Decoding reconstruct is carried out to data auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated to obtain the second estimated value；
Third estimated value is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value；
The effective noise of present frame is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value
Than；
Coding mode selection is modulated to next frame data according to the present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio.
In one embodiment of the invention, the two neighboring data auxiliary subcarrier frequency in the current frame data
Rate spacing is less than coherence bandwidth.
In one embodiment of the invention, data assist subcarrier number in the current frame data are as follows:
Wherein, τmaxFor channel maximum multipath delay spread, NpilotFor pilot sub-carrier number, NdataFor data subcarrier
Number.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pilot sub-carrier is decoded and the first channel estimation obtains
One estimated value, comprising:
The pilot sub-carrier is decoded, if judging, the pilot sub-carrier cannot be correctly decoded, described in judgement
Current frame data sends failure, receives current frame data again；If judging, the pilot sub-carrier is correctly decoded, to decoding
Pilot sub-carrier afterwards carries out the first channel estimation and obtains the first estimated value.
In one embodiment of the invention, first estimated value are as follows:
Wherein, Y [k] is the reception signal of k-th of pilot sub-carrier, and X [k] is the transmission letter of k-th of pilot sub-carrier
Number.For the channel estimation value of k-th of pilot sub-carrier.
In one embodiment of the invention, reconstruct is decoded to data auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated
Meter obtains the second estimated value；Include:
Data auxiliary subcarrier is decoded, obtained data are subjected to re-encoding re-modulation, reconstruct transmission
The data of side；
Second channel is carried out to the data of the sender reconstructed to estimate to obtain the second estimated value.
In one embodiment of the invention, second estimated value are as follows:
Wherein: Ydata_pro[k] is the reception signal of k-th of auxiliary data subcarrier, Xdata_pro[k] is k-th of auxiliary
The transmitting signal reconstructed after data subcarrier signals decoding,For the channel of k-th of auxiliary data subcarrier
Estimated value.
In one embodiment of the invention, estimated according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third
Evaluation obtains present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio
First effective noise is respectively obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value
Than, the second effective signal-to-noise ratio, third effective signal-to-noise ratio；
It is obtained currently according to first effective signal-to-noise ratio, second effective signal-to-noise ratio, the third effective signal-to-noise ratio
Frame effective signal-to-noise ratio.
In one embodiment of the invention, the present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio are as follows:
SNReff=λ1*SNReff_pilot+λ2*SNReff_data_pro+λ3*SNReff_data
Wherein, SNReff_pilotFor the first effective signal-to-noise ratio, SNReff_data_proFor the second effective signal-to-noise ratio, SNReff_dataFor
Third effective signal-to-noise ratio, λ1, λ2, λ3The weight of corresponding part effective signal-to-noise ratio is respectively indicated, and is met
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention provides a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring methods, are moved based on 802.11p standard
The design of the physical layer frame structure of ad hoc network, and the data symbol carried by the Turbo code of low bit- rate is come assisted channel estimation
And the update of channel estimation value, to more accurately carry out channel compensation in decoding stage, and give under the program
Channel status measuring method provides foundation to the modulation coding scheme selection of next frame data, reduces the prior art
Influence of the high dynamic of middle mobile ad hoc network to channel estimation improves the throughput performance and reliability of communication system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural design drawing of mobile ad hoc network physical layer frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that data provided in an embodiment of the present invention assist inserted mode in sub-carrier frequency domain；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that data auxiliary symbol temporal interpolation provided in an embodiment of the present invention enters mode；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that data provided in an embodiment of the present invention assist subcarrier (symbol) time-frequency domain inserted mode；
Fig. 5 is the process signal of the channel quality measuring method under a kind of high dynamic scene provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Further detailed description is done to the present invention combined with specific embodiments below, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment one
In the present invention, channel state information (CSI) selects signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to indicate, to evaluate mobile ad hoc network
The channel quality of middle Adaptive Modulation and Coding system.
The present invention is based on 802.11P standard implementation.802.11 be by IEEE (U.S. electric and Electronics Engineer association
Meeting, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) defined in wireless network it is logical
The standard of letter.And 802.11p (also known as WAVE, Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment) is one
A communications protocol expanded by 802.11 standard of IEEE, this communications protocol are used primarily in the wireless telecommunications of auto electronic.
In the present embodiment, the standard based on 802.11p has carried out the design of the physical layer frame structure of mobile ad hoc network, object
It manages layer and uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexi (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM), star
Seat mapping scheme has BPSK, and QPSK, 16QAM are available.Channel coding uses Turbo code, and code rate has 1/2,1/3,2/ respectively
3 is available, and the structure of frame is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, Training Symbol is training symbol, and Signals symbol is label
Modulation coding scheme, OFDM Symbol be carrying data symbol.
In the present embodiment, if the value of data symbol is 183.The details of each symbol are illustrated below.
Training Symbol 1 be 10 duplicate short training sequences, each short sequence time duration be 1.6us, in total persistently when
Between be 16us, Training Symbol 2 is two long training sequences plus protection prefix, duration 16us, OFDM's
Subcarrier spacing is 156.25kHz, and (i=1,2,3,4 ... 183) duration be all Signals and OFDM Symbol i
8us, the cyclic prefix of data and 1.6us including 6.4us, so the duration of entire physical frame is 1.5ms.
It include 53 subcarriers on frequency domain in one OFDM symbol, number is 1 to 53, wherein having 4 is that pilot tone carries
Wave, number 6,20,34,48, No. 27 are direct current subcarrier, remaining is data subcarrier.For frequency selective fading channels
And fast fading channel, the channel estimation under the frame structure rely solely on the channel estimation results of training symbol for entire frame
Channel compensation is clearly insecure.In order to cope with the problem, low bit- rate is periodically inserted into frequency domain (or in time domain)
Turbo code (such as 1/3 code rate), the data subcarrier (or OFDM data symbol) of low-order-modulated (such as BPSK) protection, for convenience
Narration is that data assist subcarrier (data auxiliary symbol) referred to here as these data subcarriers (symbol).It is auxiliary by these data
Subcarrier (symbol) is helped to carry out the update of channel estimation value, so that can be more under conditions of rapid fading and frequency selective fading
The variation of good tracking channel to facilitate the correct demodulation of data, while also substantially conforming to 802.11 physical layer association
View.
There are three types of the inserted modes of data auxiliary subcarrier (symbol): it is respectively Frequency domain interpolation enters, temporal interpolation enters, when
Frequency domain insertion.These three inserted modes are illustrated respectively with the structure of physical layer frame designed by Fig. 1 below.
Frequency domain interpolation enters to refer to other than original pilot sub-carrier, is spaced certain frequency and periodically assists data
Subcarrier is inserted into subsequent each OFDM symbol, the pilot sub-carrier including data symbols all in frame, the frequency of insertion
Rate intervalData assist subcarrier number are as follows:
Wherein, τmaxFor maximum delay extension, NpilotFor pilot sub-carrier number, NdataFor data subcarrier number, phase
Adjacent two data auxiliary sub-carrier frequencies spacing is less than coherence bandwidth, and spacing includes that pilot sub-carrier and data assist subcarrier
Interval.As shown in Figure 2, wherein part A is original pilot sub-carrier, and part B is what low bit- rate low-order-modulated mode was protected
Data subcarrier, i.e. data assist subcarrier, and rest part is data subcarrier.The frequency spacing of A and B is frequency interval
Sf。
Temporal interpolation enters to refer to other than original training symbol, at interval of several OFDM symbols in frame, periodically insert
Enter data auxiliary symbol, the time interval of insertion isThat is the time interval of the part D in Fig. 3, wherein fDopplerFor
Maximum doppler frequency.As shown in figure 3, the part T1, T2, that is, C indicates training symbol, the part D indicates data auxiliary symbol, remaining
Part is data symbol.
Insertion is that both above inserted mode is combined only to be inserted into similar to the inserted mode of trellis pilot tone in time-frequency domain
Not instead of pilot tone, data auxiliary symbol and subcarrier.It is with the condition for needing to meet in time domain on frequency domainAs shown in Figure 4, wherein horizontal axis is time shaft, and the longitudinal axis is frequency axis, and the part E represents pilot tone
Carrier wave, the part F represent auxiliary data signal, and rest part is data symbol, first and second is classified as training symbol from left to right.
In the present embodiment, the first inserted mode is selected, Frequency domain interpolation enters mode, pilot sub-carrier label referring to fig. 2
For A, data assist subcarrier to be labeled as B, and this kind of subcarrier is not only used to carry information, but also is used for assisted channel estimation and tracking.
In the insertion low bit- rate 1/3Turbo code of frequency domain periodically, the data of BPSK protection assist subcarrier, so both
It ensure that channel estimation timely updates, in turn ensure that the information of data auxiliary subcarrier is correctly demodulated；
Then 2/3 code rate Turbo coding carried out to other data subcarriers for entirely wrapping, 16QAM even 64QAM into
Row data mapping, to improve the handling capacity of system.
In the present embodiment, pilot sub-carrier number NpilotIt is 4, data subcarrier number NdataIt is 48.Data auxiliary
Variable number are as follows:
Data assist subcarrier to use 1/3 code rate, BPSK mapping mode, and data subcarrier uses 16QAM mapping mode,
Without channel coding, then the throughput performance percentage of channel loss isBut it can bring
Reliable channel estimation, and meet the frame error ratio of reliability requirement (value is 0.1 under normal circumstances).
Data flow later is interleaved, IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform), add CP (cyclic prefix) processing (for
Effect of the invention clearly is stated out, relates only to the Base-Band Processing of channel), last plus noise undergoes rapid fading and frequency choosing
The decline of selecting property.
An embodiment provides a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method, essentially according to
Under several steps realize:
S1: obtain current frame data, wherein the current frame data include pilot sub-carrier, data auxiliary subcarrier and
Data subcarrier；
Recipient carries out CP, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) after carrying out Time and Frequency Synchronization, to the information got, solution
Interweave, obtains current frame channel data.When recipient obtains data information, usually missed with least square (LS), lowest mean square
Poor (MMSE) algorithm carries out channel estimation.Channel estimation technique based on DFT (discrete Fourier transform) can be improved LS or
The performance of MMSE channel estimation.In the present embodiment, it is described in detail by taking LS algorithm for estimating as an example.
S2: being decoded the pilot sub-carrier and the first channel estimation obtains the first estimated value；
After obtaining pilot sub-carrier information, Turbo decoding is carried out to it, the signal Y after being decodedl[k], Yl
[k] indicates the signal on k-th of subcarrier of first of OFDM (l=1,2) symbol.
Judge whether pilot sub-carrier decoding is correct, if the pilot sub-carrier cannot be correctly decoded, determines the frame data
Failure is sent, the data of acquisition are abandoned, it is desirable that sender retransmits current frame data, to obtain accurate information, after raising
Continuous computational accuracy；If the pilot sub-carrier is correctly decoded, the first channel estimation is carried out to decoded pilot sub-carrier, is obtained
To the first estimated value, the i.e. estimated value of pilot sub carrier channel.
The pilot sub carrier channel estimated value is enabled to beCost function are as follows:
Wherein, H representing matrix transposition.
To minimize cost function, enable above cost function aboutPartial derivative be 0, it may be assumed that
Wherein, * indicates complex conjugate.
It is availableAcquireWhereinIndicate LS letter
Road estimated value ,-1Expression is inverted, then can obtain the first estimated value are as follows:
Wherein, Y [k] is the reception signal of k-th of pilot sub-carrier, and X [k] is the transmission letter of k-th of pilot sub-carrier
Number.For the channel estimation value of k-th of pilot sub-carrier, it isThe element of channel estimate matrix.
S3: decoding reconstruct is carried out to data auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated to obtain the second estimated value；
LS algorithm is equally used, data auxiliary subcarrier is decoded, obtained data are subjected to re-encoding re-modulation,
Reconstruct the data of sender.The data reconstructed are unknown to recipient, but since data auxiliary subcarrier has low bit- rate
The protection of Turbo code and low-order-modulated mode, the probability correctly demodulated is very big, therefore the data that reconstruct obtains are considered
Correctly.Second channel is carried out to the obtained data of reconstruct estimate to obtain the second estimated value, is i.e. data auxiliary sub-carrier channel
Estimated value, to realize the tracking of fast time variant and frequency-selective channel.Second estimated value are as follows:
Wherein, Ydata_pro[k] is the reception signal that k-th of data assists subcarrier, Xdata_pro[k] is kth data
The transmission data for assisting sub-carrier signal decoding to reconstruct later, that is, the mapping complex signal being correctly decoded,For kth
The channel estimation value of a auxiliary data subcarrier.
S4: third estimated value is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value；
Since data auxiliary subcarrier is less than the coherence bandwidth of channel at the insertion interval of frequency domain, so passing through interpolation
Directly obtain other data subcarrier channel estimation values.DFT technique is used to the first channel estimation value and second channel estimated value
LS (least square, the implementation sample) spline interpolation, obtain the estimated value of data subcarrier channelAs third
Estimated value.
S5: it obtains present frame according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value and effectively believes
It makes an uproar ratio.
Equilibrium is carried out to each estimated value and constructs reference signal, to obtain each sub-carrier signal-noise ratio；Use index
Effective signal-to-noise ratio mapping (EESM) algorithm maps the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each subcarrier, obtains the effective noise of present frame
Than.Wherein, signal-noise ratio computation method uses the method based on planisphere in this embodiment, it may be assumed that
Wherein E { ... } indicates expectation.
Pilot sub-carrier SNR is calculated using the first estimated value to obtain by the SNR on EESM Algorithm mapping pilot sub-carrier
It is SNR to the first effective signal-to-noise ratioeff_pilot；
Data are calculated using the second estimated value and assist subcarrier SNR, are assisted on subcarrier by EESM Algorithm mapping data
SNR, obtain the second effective signal-to-noise ratio be SNReff_data_pro；
Data subcarrier SNR is calculated using third estimated value, by other data subcarriers of EESM Algorithm mapping
SNR, obtaining third effective signal-to-noise ratio is SNReff_data；
It is weighted by 3 effective signal-to-noise ratios obtained above, obtains the channel quality measurement for describing the frame,
Measure the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the channel quality in current frame duration are as follows:
SNReff=λ1*SNReff_pilot+λ2*SNReff_data_pro+λ3*SNReff_data
Wherein λ1, λ2, λ3Respectively indicate the weight of corresponding part effective signal-to-noise ratio.
Obviously, the reliability of the channel estimation based on pilot sub-carrier is greater than the channel based on auxiliary data subcarrier and estimates
Meter, the channel estimation based on auxiliary data subcarrier is greater than the channel estimation for other data subcarriers that interpolation obtains, so must
The following conditions must be met.
S6: coding mode selection is modulated to next frame data according to the present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio.
By the SNR of present frameeffIt is applied in mobile ad hoc network Adaptive Modulation and Coding system, carries out next frame data
The suitable modulation coding scheme selection of subcarrier, so that channel estimation is carried out to next frame channel data, in the mistake for meeting system
Under the premise of frame per second, the further handling capacity for improving system.
The present invention provides a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring methods, are moved based on 802.11p standard
The design of the physical layer frame structure of ad hoc network, and the data symbol carried by the Turbo code of low bit- rate is come assisted channel estimation
And the update of channel estimation value, to more accurately carry out channel compensation in decoding stage, and give under the program
Channel status measuring method provides foundation to the modulation coding scheme selection of next frame data, reduces the prior art
Influence of the high dynamic of middle mobile ad hoc network to channel estimation improves the throughput performance and reliability of communication system.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, cannot recognize
Fixed specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the present invention
Protection scope.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method characterized by comprising
Current frame data is obtained, wherein the current frame data includes that pilot sub-carrier, data auxiliary subcarrier and data carry
Wave；
The pilot sub-carrier is decoded and the first channel estimation obtains the first estimated value；
Decoding reconstruct is carried out to data auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated to obtain the second estimated value；
Third estimated value is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value；
Present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio is obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value；
Coding mode selection is modulated to next frame data according to the present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio.
2. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the current frame number
The two neighboring data auxiliary sub-carrier frequencies spacing is less than coherence bandwidth in.
3. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the current frame number
Subcarrier number is assisted according to middle data are as follows:
Wherein, τmaxFor channel maximum multipath delay spread, NpilotFor pilot sub-carrier number, NdataFor data subcarrier number.
4. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be led to described
Frequency subcarrier, which is decoded, obtains the first estimated value with the first channel estimation, comprising:
The pilot sub-carrier is decoded, if judging, the pilot sub-carrier cannot be correctly decoded, and be judged described current
Frame data send failure, receive current frame data again；If judging, the pilot sub-carrier is correctly decoded, and is led to decoded
Frequency subcarrier carries out the first channel estimation and obtains the first estimated value.
5. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first estimation
Value are as follows:
Wherein, Y [k] is the reception signal of k-th of pilot sub-carrier, and X [k] is the transmission signal of k-th of pilot sub-carrier.For the channel estimation value of k-th of pilot sub-carrier.
6. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to the number
Reconstruct is decoded according to auxiliary subcarrier and second channel is estimated to obtain the second estimated value, comprising:
Data auxiliary subcarrier is decoded, obtained data are subjected to re-encoding re-modulation, reconstruct sender's
Data；
Second channel is carried out to the data of the sender reconstructed to estimate to obtain the second estimated value.
7. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that second estimation
Value are as follows:
Wherein: Ydata_pro[k] is the reception signal of k-th of auxiliary data subcarrier, Xdata_pro[k] is k-th of auxiliary data
The transmitting signal reconstructed after carrier signal decoding,For the channel estimation value of k-th of auxiliary data subcarrier.
8. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described according to
First estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value obtain present frame effective signal-to-noise ratio and include:
The first effective signal-to-noise ratio, are respectively obtained according to first estimated value, second estimated value, the third estimated value
Two effective signal-to-noise ratios, third effective signal-to-noise ratio；
According to first effective signal-to-noise ratio, second effective signal-to-noise ratio, the third effective signal-to-noise ratio obtains present frame has
Imitate signal-to-noise ratio.
9. high dynamic scene lower channel measuring method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the present frame has
Imitate signal-to-noise ratio are as follows:
SNReff=λ1*SNReff_pilot+λ2*SNReff_data_pro+λ3*SNReff_data
Wherein, SNReff_pilotFor the first effective signal-to-noise ratio, SNReff_data_proFor the second effective signal-to-noise ratio, SNReff_dataFor third
Effective signal-to-noise ratio, λ1, λ2, λ3The weight of corresponding part effective signal-to-noise ratio is respectively indicated, and is met
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