CN109837403B - Smelting device and smelting method for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy - Google Patents
Smelting device and smelting method for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting device for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy, which comprises a first crucible, wherein induction heating equipment is sleeved outside the first crucible, cu blocks and Al blocks are filled in the inner cavity of the first crucible, and a thermit reaction device is arranged outside the first crucible, and the smelting method comprises the following steps: firstly, putting an thermite prepared according to thermite reaction Fe2O3+2Al=Al2O3+2Fe+DeltaQ into a second crucible with a conical hole, a self-melting plug and a magnesium wire lead, then smelting Cu and Al into a metal melt, putting the thermite reaction device into the metal melt of a first crucible, igniting the magnesium wire lead at a high temperature generated by the metal melt, triggering the thermite reaction at a high temperature generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead, melting the self-melting plug at a high temperature generated by the thermite reaction, and introducing high-temperature Fe liquid into the metal melt to stir, thereby forming the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, in particular to a smelting device and a smelting method for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
Background
The Cu-Al-Fe alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, physical and chemical properties and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, mechanical manufacturing and the like, for example: the Cu-Al-Fe alloy has high strength and good wear resistance, and is widely used for manufacturing gear blanks, nut threads and other parts; cu-Al-Fe alloy has excellent elastic performance and high creep limit, and is commonly used for manufacturing various elastic elements; the Cu-Al-Fe alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and is commonly used for manufacturing corrosion-resistant parts such as propellers, impellers and the like; the Cu-Al-Fe alloy does not generate sparks under the impact action and is widely used for manufacturing sparkless tool materials; the Cu-Al-Fe alloy has excellent heat conductivity coefficient and stable rigidity, and becomes a new type of die material; the Cu-Al-Fe alloy has high cost performance and can be used as a substitute material of some expensive metal materials such as tin bronze and nickel-based alloy;
at present, a smelting method of Cu-Al-Fe alloy is mainly adopted, namely Cu, al and Fe metal blocks are put into a heating furnace together, al blocks with low melting point (melting point 660 ℃) are firstly melted, cu blocks with high melting point (melting point 1083 ℃) and Fe blocks (melting point 1538 ℃) are continuously melted, then the Cu blocks are gradually melted in Al melt along with the heating process to form Cu-Al melt, and finally the Fe blocks are gradually melted in the Cu-Al melt along with the gradual increase of temperature, and the Cu-Al-Fe alloy with uniform components is formed through stirring. Because Fe has higher melting point and higher density, is sunk at the bottom of the Cu-Al melt, the process of melting into the Cu-Al melt is slower, a large amount of flux is required to cover the surface of the melt, the flux is decomposed in a large amount to generate gas, air is polluted, the melt is required to be continuously stirred, the uniformity of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy components can be ensured, and the problems of serious air pollution, high labor intensity, long heating time, high energy consumption, low efficiency and serious burning loss of alloy elements exist in the traditional smelting method of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a smelting device and a smelting method for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy, which have the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, energy conservation, element burning loss reduction, air pollution caused by flux decomposition on the surface of a melt, and improvement of the component accuracy of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a smelting device for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy, smelting device includes first crucible, the outside cover of first crucible is equipped with induction heating equipment, be used for filling Cu piece, al piece in the first crucible inner chamber, be provided with the thermite reaction unit in the outside of first crucible, the thermite reaction unit includes the second crucible, the bottom terminal surface of second crucible is provided with the bell mouth, the cover is equipped with from the fusible plug in the bell mouth, is filled with the thermite in the inner chamber of second crucible, the buried magnesium silk lead wire in the thermite, the other end setting of magnesium silk lead wire is in the outside of second crucible, and the one end that the magnesium silk lead wire is located the outside of second crucible is close to the bottom of high temperature resistant graphite crucible.
Further, the outer diameter of the second crucible is smaller than the inner diameter of the first crucible.
Further, the second crucible is a high temperature resistant graphite crucible.
Further, the outer diameter of the self-melting plug is consistent with the inner diameter of the conical hole.
The smelting method of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling a conical hole in the bottom of a second crucible, and plugging the conical hole by using a self-melting plug;
step two, placing the configured thermite into a second crucible, inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead into the thermite, and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible and close to the bottom of the second crucible for standby;
starting induction heating equipment, and smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks in the first crucible into a metal melt;
step four, placing a second crucible into the metal melt obtained in the step three;
step five, igniting a magnesium wire lead at a high temperature generated by a metal melt, triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead, melting a self-melting plug at a high temperature generated by the thermite reaction, enabling a high-temperature Fe liquid to enter the metal melt through a conical hole, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the melting process, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% -90% Na 3 AlF 6 And stirring 10% -30% of NaF uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
Further, the thermite comprises Fe 2 O 3 Powder, al powder, of Fe 2 O 3 The particle size of the powder is30-60 meshes, wherein the granularity of the Al powder is 30-60 meshes.
Further, the diameter of the magnesium wire lead is 0.1-8 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The Cu block and the Al block in the first crucible are smelted into a metal melt by induction heating equipment, a magnesium wire lead is ignited by high temperature generated by the metal melt, and thermite in the thermite reaction device is triggered by high temperature generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead to generate thermite reaction, so that the reaction process is safe and reliable;
(2) The Fe liquid is melted in the metal melt with relatively low temperature by utilizing the high temperature generated by the aluminothermic reaction, and compared with the traditional method for smelting the Cu-Al-Fe alloy, the method has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency and energy conservation;
(3) The method shortens the smelting time of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy, greatly reduces the element burning loss, reduces the air pollution caused by the flux decomposition on the surface of the melt, and improves the component accuracy of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the smelting apparatus of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. the device comprises induction heating equipment 2, a first crucible, 3, a second crucible, 4, thermite, 5, magnesium wire leads, 6, metal melt and 7, and a self-melting plug.
Detailed Description
A smelting device for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy, the smelting device comprises a first crucible 2, induction heating equipment 1 is sleeved outside the first crucible 2, cu blocks and Al blocks are filled in an inner cavity of the first crucible 2, an aluminothermic reaction device is arranged outside the first crucible 2, the aluminothermic reaction device comprises a second crucible 3, the outer diameter of the second crucible 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first crucible 2, and the second crucible 3 is a high-temperature resistant graphite crucible;
a conical hole is formed in the end face of the bottom of the second crucible 3, a self-melting plug 7 is sleeved in the conical hole, the outer diameter of the self-melting plug 7 is identical to the inner diameter of the conical hole, the self-melting plug 7 is one of asbestos, the melting point is 1200-1500 ℃, and no influence is caused on metal components during melting;
the inner cavity of the second crucible 3 is filled with a thermite 4, a magnesium wire lead 5 is buried in the thermite 4, the diameter of the magnesium wire lead 5 is 0.1-8 mm, the other end of the magnesium wire lead 5 is arranged outside the second crucible 3, one end of the magnesium wire lead 5 positioned outside the second crucible 3 is close to the bottom of the high temperature resistant graphite crucible 3, and the thermite 4 comprises Fe 2 O 3 Powder, al powder, of Fe 2 O 3 The granularity of the powder is 30-60 meshes, and the granularity of the Al powder is 30-60 meshes.
The smelting method for preparing the Cu-Al-Fe alloy by using the smelting device comprises the following steps of:
step one, firstly, according to the thermit reaction equation Fe 2 O 3 +2Al=Al 2 O 3 Preparing a thermite by +2Fe+delta Q (heat release), wherein the weight of Cu-Al-Fe alloy in each furnace is set to be m, the weight percentage of Fe in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is set to be x, the weight percentage of Cu in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is set to be y, the weight of the required thermite is set to be 1.91mx, the weight of the required Cu block is set to be my, and the weight of the required Al block is set to be m (1-x-y);
step two, drilling a conical hole in the bottom of the second crucible 3, and plugging the conical hole by using a self-melting plug 7;
step three, placing the configured thermite 4 into the second crucible 3, inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead 5 into the thermite 4, and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible 3 and close to the bottom of the second crucible 3 for standby;
step four, starting the induction heating equipment 1, and smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks in the first crucible 2 into a metal melt 6;
step five, placing the second crucible 3 into the metal melt 6 obtained in the step three;
step six, igniting the magnesium wire lead 5 at a high temperature (400-600 ℃) generated by the metal melt 6, triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature (1000-1500 ℃) generated by burning the magnesium wire lead 5, melting the self-melting plug 7 at a high temperature (2000-2500 ℃) generated by the thermite reaction, enabling a high-temperature Fe solution to enter the metal melt 6 through a conical hole, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the smelting process, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass:70%～90% Na 3 AlF 6 and stirring 10% -30% of NaF uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
the process for preparing 400kg of 87Cu-10Al-3Fe (China Standard QAl10-3-1.5, U.S. Standard C62300) alloy by using the smelting device comprises the following steps:
(1) Fe according to the thermit reaction equation 2 O 3 +2Al=Al 2 O 3 The weight of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 400kg, the weight percentage of Fe in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 2.80%, the weight percentage of Cu in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 92.70%, the weight of the required thermite is 21.39kg, the weight of the required Cu block is 370.80kg, and the weight of the required Al block is 18.00kg;
(2) Drilling a conical hole in the bottom of the second crucible 3, plugging the conical hole by a self-melting plug 7, placing the thermite 4 with the weight into the second crucible 3, inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead 5 into the thermite 4, and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible 3 and close to the bottom of the second crucible 3 for later use;
(3) Starting induction heating equipment 1, smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks with the weight in a first crucible 2 into a metal melt 6, putting a second crucible 3 with the steps into the metal melt 6, igniting a magnesium wire lead 5 at a high temperature (400-600 ℃) generated by the metal melt 6, triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature (1000-1500 ℃) generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead 5, melting a self-melting plug 7 at a high temperature (2000-2500 ℃) generated by the thermite reaction, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the smelting process by a high-temperature Fe liquid through a conical hole, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% Na 3 AlF 6 And stirring the mixture uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy by 30% of NaF.
Compared with the traditional smelting method, the smelting time is saved by 53%, the electric energy is saved by 46%, the element burning loss is reduced by 63%, and the accuracy of alloy components is greatly improved.
Example 2:
the smelting device is used for preparing 200kg of 87Cu-10Al-3Fe (Chinese standard QAl10-3-1.5, U.S. standard C62300) alloy as follows:
(1) Fe according to the thermite reaction equation 2 O 3 +2Al=Al 2 O 3 The weight of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 200kg, the weight percentage of Fe in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 2.80 percent, the weight percentage of Cu in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy is 92.70 percent, the weight of the required thermite is 10.70kg, the weight of the required Cu block is 185.40kg, and the weight of the required Al block is 9kg;
(2) Drilling a conical hole in the bottom of the second crucible 3, plugging the conical hole by a self-melting plug 7, placing the thermite 4 with the weight into the second crucible 3, inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead 5 into the thermite 4, and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible 3 and close to the bottom of the second crucible 3 for later use;
(3) Starting induction heating equipment 1, smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks with the weight in a first crucible 2 into a metal melt 6, putting a second crucible 3 with the steps into the metal melt 6, igniting a magnesium wire lead 5 at a high temperature (400-600 ℃) generated by the metal melt 6, triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature (1000-1500 ℃) generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead 5, melting a self-melting plug 7 at a high temperature (2000-2500 ℃) generated by the thermite reaction, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the smelting process by a high-temperature Fe liquid through a conical hole, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% Na 3 AlF 6 And stirring the mixture uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy by 30% of NaF.
Compared with the traditional smelting method, the smelting time is saved by 48%, the electric energy is saved by 42%, the element burning loss is reduced by 55%, and the accuracy of alloy components is greatly improved.
Example 3:
the procedure for preparing 400kg of 86Cu-11Al-3Fe (U.S. Standard C62400) alloy using this melting apparatus was as follows:
(1) Fe according to the thermite reaction equation 2 O 3 +2Al=Al 2 O 3 Preparation of thermite by +2Fe+ΔQ (exothermic), weight of Cu-Al-Fe alloyThe amount was 400kg, the weight percent of Fe in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy was 2.81%, the weight percent of Cu in the Cu-Al-Fe alloy was 92.20%, the weight of the thermite required was 21.47kg, the weight of the Cu block required was 368.80kg, and the weight of the Al block required was 19.96kg;
(2) Drilling a conical hole in the bottom of the second crucible 3, plugging the conical hole by a self-melting plug 7, placing the thermite 4 with the weight into the second crucible 3, inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead 5 into the thermite 4, and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible 3 and close to the bottom of the second crucible 3 for later use;
(3) Starting induction heating equipment 1, smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks with the weight in a first crucible 2 into a metal melt 6, putting a second crucible 3 with the steps into the metal melt 6, igniting a magnesium wire lead 5 at a high temperature (400-600 ℃) generated by the metal melt 6, triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature (1000-1500 ℃) generated by the combustion of the magnesium wire lead 5, melting a self-melting plug 7 at a high temperature (2000-2500 ℃) generated by the thermite reaction, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the smelting process by a high-temperature Fe liquid through a conical hole, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% Na 3 AlF 6 And stirring the mixture uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy by 30% of NaF.
Compared with the traditional smelting method, the smelting time is saved by 55%, the electric energy is saved by 44%, the element burning loss is reduced by 61%, and the accuracy of alloy components is greatly improved.
According to the method, 200kg 86Cu-11Al-3Fe (U.S. standard C62400) alloy can be prepared, compared with the traditional smelting method, the smelting time is saved by 47%, the electric energy is saved by 42%, the element burning loss is reduced by 53%, and the accuracy of alloy components is greatly improved.
400kg82.7Cu-13Al-4.3Fe (U.S. Standard C62500) alloy can also be prepared according to the above method: compared with the traditional smelting method, the smelting time is saved by 65%, the electric energy is saved by 57%, the element burning loss is reduced by 69%, and the accuracy of alloy components is greatly improved.
While the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are described in the foregoing description merely illustrate the principles of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A smelting device for preparing Cu-Al-Fe alloy, characterized in that: the smelting device comprises a first crucible (2), induction heating equipment (1) is sleeved outside the first crucible (2), cu blocks and Al blocks are filled in an inner cavity of the first crucible (2), and an aluminothermic reaction device is arranged outside the first crucible (2);
the aluminothermic reaction device comprises a second crucible (3), wherein the outer diameter of the second crucible (3) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first crucible (2), a conical hole is formed in the end face of the bottom of the second crucible (3), a self-melting plug (7) is sleeved in the conical hole, and the outer diameter of the self-melting plug (7) is consistent with the inner diameter of the conical hole;
the inner cavity of the second crucible (3) is filled with thermite (4), and the thermite (4) comprises Fe 2 O 3 The aluminum alloy crucible comprises powder and Al powder, wherein a magnesium wire lead (5) is buried in the thermite (4), the other end of the magnesium wire lead (5) is arranged outside the second crucible (3), and one end of the magnesium wire lead (5) positioned outside the second crucible (3) is close to the bottom of the second crucible (3);
the smelting method of the Cu-Al-Fe alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling a conical hole at the bottom of a second crucible (3), and plugging the conical hole by using a self-melting plug (7);
step two, placing the configured thermite (4) into a second crucible (3), inserting one end of a magnesium wire lead (5) into the thermite (4), and placing the other end of the magnesium wire lead outside the second crucible (3) and close to the bottom of the second crucible (3) for standby;
starting induction heating equipment (1), and smelting Cu blocks and Al blocks in a first crucible (2) into a metal melt (6);
step four, placing the second crucible (3) into the metal melt (6) obtained in the step three;
step five, igniting a magnesium wire lead (5) at a high temperature generated by a metal melt (6), triggering a thermite reaction at a high temperature generated by burning the magnesium wire lead (5), enabling a high-temperature molten self-melting plug (7) generated by the thermite reaction, enabling a high-temperature Fe solution to enter the metal melt (6) through a conical hole, and covering a flux on the surface of the metal melt in the smelting process, wherein the flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% -90% Na 3 AlF 6 And stirring 10% -30% of NaF uniformly to form the Cu-Al-Fe alloy.
2. A smelting apparatus for producing Cu-Al-Fe alloys according to claim 1, wherein: the second crucible (3) is a high-temperature-resistant graphite crucible.
3. A smelting apparatus for producing Cu-Al-Fe alloys according to claim 1, wherein: the Fe is 2 O 3 The granularity of the powder is 30-60 meshes, and the granularity of the Al powder is 30-60 meshes.
4. A smelting apparatus for producing Cu-Al-Fe alloys according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the magnesium wire lead (5) is 0.1-8 mm.
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| CN110814305B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-06-15 | 中南大学 | Cu-Fe composite material double-melt mixed casting equipment and process |
| CN115323201A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-11 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum bronze alloy and aluminum bronze alloy |
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| GB600927A (en) * | 1945-01-22 | 1948-04-22 | Eric Lux | Aluminothermic or like exothermic process for making non-ferruginous alloys |
| US20040134308A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-07-15 | Hiroaki Takata | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Cr-Ti-V HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS |
| CN201154413Y (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2008-11-26 | 北京中铁科雷威焊接技术有限责任公司 | Disposable crucible for aluminothermy welding of steel rail |
| CN104630523A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 芜湖市民泰铜业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing aluminum bronze |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB600927A (en) * | 1945-01-22 | 1948-04-22 | Eric Lux | Aluminothermic or like exothermic process for making non-ferruginous alloys |
| US20040134308A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-07-15 | Hiroaki Takata | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Cr-Ti-V HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS |
| CN201154413Y (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2008-11-26 | 北京中铁科雷威焊接技术有限责任公司 | Disposable crucible for aluminothermy welding of steel rail |
| CN104630523A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 芜湖市民泰铜业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing aluminum bronze |
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