CN109835917A - A kind of method of two-step method synthesis ammonia - Google Patents
A kind of method of two-step method synthesis ammonia Download PDFInfo
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- CN109835917A CN109835917A CN201711214155.5A CN201711214155A CN109835917A CN 109835917 A CN109835917 A CN 109835917A CN 201711214155 A CN201711214155 A CN 201711214155A CN 109835917 A CN109835917 A CN 109835917A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the new processes and required material of a kind of two-step method synthesis ammonia.The material includes transition metal and major element hydride/nitride/nitrogen hydride or simple major element hydride/nitride/nitrogen hydride.Ammonia is different, and it includes add nitrogen and plus two steps of hydrogen from traditional catalyzing and synthesizing for this technique.Due to the particularity of material, this two-step process has very high activity.Simple major element hydride/nitride/nitrogen hydride that this technique can make synthesis ammonia catalytic activity extremely low has and the comparable activity of existing synthetic ammonia catalyst；Activity can be made to further increase after transition metal is added.The technique can be carried out in normal pressure, and existing ammonia cost can be significantly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ammonia synthesis process, especially low-pressure synthetic ammonia, provide a kind of new technology of two-step method synthesis ammonia
Scheme and its required material.
Background technique
Ammonia is a kind of important industrial chemicals, is mainly used to produce chemical fertilizer, nitric acid, ammonium salt, soda ash etc., in national economy
It occupies an important position；Ammonia is also regarded as a kind of hydrogen source carrier simultaneously, and the breakthrough of synthesis ammonia technology is beneficial to the development of Hydrogen Energy,
Therefore have great importance to the research of ammonia synthesis catalyst.Industrial synthesis ammonia mainly uses Haber-Bosch work at present
Skill, the technique use Fe base catalyst, reaction condition are as follows: and 400-500 DEG C, 100-300atm.So harsh reaction condition pair
The requirement of equipment is very high, therefore the investment of synthesis ammonia plant significant portion is high pressure resistant equipment；Furthermore energy consumption is huge, according to statistics every year
Consume the 1%-2% of global energy total amount.Another synthetic ammonia catalyst Ru base catalyst industrially used, although it is lived
Property it is good more relatively mild with Fe base catalyst, reaction condition, but since Ru is expensive, and the easy methanation of its carrier carbon is led
Inactivation is caused, is not used on a large scale.Therefore it is one that the new method for exploring synthesis ammonia, which reduces the temperature and pressure of synthesis ammonia,
A important research topic.
The new process of synthesis ammonia is being explored always by scientific circles.It is one of approach that substep, which carries out synthesis ammonia, but is not had
What big breakthrough, still needs very high temperature.In synthesis early 20th century ammonia early stage is explored, it is thus proposed that first by transition gold
Belong to the right back end hydrogenation of nitridation and puts ammonia.This scheme is easy preceding transient period transitional metal nitride but hydrogen is added to put ammonia difficulty.This generation
It records based on to Co3Mo3The research of N catalyst, Hargreaves, J.S. proposition pass through Co3Mo3N and Co6Mo6Being transformed between N
Row synthesis ammonia (Chem Comm, 2007,29 (29): 3051-3053).Michalsky, R. design a kind of transition metal nitrogen oxygen
Compound, by being reacted respectively with nitrogen and water, may be synthesized ammonia (Interface Focus, 2015,5 (3):
20140084-20140084).Steinfeld, A. propose a kind of scheme and utilize Al2O3It is recycled
(Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2007,46,2042-2046).The above process requires the temperature of superelevation, is difficult to carry out work
Industry.Present invention finds a kind of materials for being more suitable for two-step method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of new synthesis ammonia route and its required material, which can be
High synthesis ammonia rate is obtained under normal pressure, and energy consumption can be greatly reduced compared with traditional technique.
The present invention is a kind of method that two-step method synthesizes ammonia, specifically: will add nitrogen and plus hydrogen put ammonia process and separate, specially
Material is first reacted into fixed nitrogen with nitrogen, then adds hydrogen to generate ammonia the material after fixed nitrogen.The material include main body or main body and
One of catalyst, body of material is I A, II A, III A race metal and its nitrogenous, hydrogeneous or one of containing hydronitrogen
Or two kinds or more, catalyst is one or two or more kinds in transition metal and its nitride, and the catalyst can be with catalytic hydrogenation
Object is reacted with nitrogen.
The method that two-step method synthesizes ammonia, during the synthesis ammonia: when the material is for ammonia synthesis, material is first pure
It is heated in nitrogen, adds nitrogen that gas is switched to hydrogen after the completion.Temperature is 50-600 degree, and nitrogen pressure is 1bar-100bar, and hydrogen pressure is
1bar-100bar, air speed 100ml/g/h-600000ml/g/h.
The body of material molecular formula is MxNyHm(3y-nx), wherein M be I A, II A, III A race element n be 1,2,3 be M change
Valence state is learned, m 1, -1 is the chemical valence state of H, as m=1, molecular formula MxNyH3y-nx, x=1~3, y=0~3；Work as m=-
When 1, molecular formula MxNyHnx-3y, x=1~4, y=0~1.
I A, II A, III A race element are one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al or two kinds or more.
The catalyst is contacted with simple or load form with body of material.The transition metal be V, Cr, Mn, Fe,
One or more of Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Ag, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Pt or Au.The load shape
The mass ratio of catalyst and carrier is 1:100-100:1 in the catalyst of formula.
The more excellent range of the mass ratio of the body of material and catalyst is 200:1 to 1:100.
The carrier of the catalyst load is Li2O、MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2、CeO2、
BN、Si3N4、Mg3N2、Ca3N2, AlN, molecular sieve, carbon material, one of metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) or two kinds with
On.
Thinking of the invention adds nitrogen to study from alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydride, Fig. 1 LiH/CaH2In nitrogen gas
Temperature programming tracks hydrogen product with mass spectrum under atmosphere.CaH2Since 350 degree, LiH is since 400 degree.In conjunction with the product of generation
We can release following reaction equation:
2LiH+1/2N2=Li2NH+1/2H2；(or 3LiH+N2=LiNH2+Li2NH)
CaH2+1/2N2=CaNH+1/2H2；(or 3CaH2+2N2=2CaNH+Ca (NH2)2)
The research reacted with hydrogen has been carried out to the product after hydride plus nitrogen, has been illustrated by taking LiH as an example.Such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, gives LiNH2(or Li2NH) temperature programming Mass Spectrometer Method product in a hydrogen atmosphere.It can be seen that 200 degree start
There is ammonia generation, peak temperature is lower than 300 degree.Therefore our available following reactions:
Li2NH+2H2=LiH+LiNH2+H2=2LiH+NH3
In conjunction with research contents above, discovery can carry out two-step method synthesis ammonia.It is first that LiH is anti-with nitrogen by taking Li as an example
It should obtain LiNH2(or Li2), NH then by LiNH2(or Li2NH it) is reacted with hydrogen, can be obtained by ammonia in this way.From
The result of TPD, it can be seen that the process can carry out under normal pressure, and the first step since 300 degree can, second step 200
Degree can start.
But it needs to carry out at a higher temperature to obtain the faster ammonia rate first step that generates.In order to reduce by first
The temperature of step, to LiH/CaH2Carry out catalysis modification.Fig. 3 is that CaH after various transition metal is added2TG knot in a nitrogen atmosphere
Fruit, it can be seen that be added after various transition metal plus nitrogen rate all significantly improves, wherein Fe/Ru is the most significant.
The test of pairing ammonification rate, as shown in table 1.It can be seen that the method for fractional steps can be than existing under 300 degree of condition of normal pressure
There is best catalyst Cs-Ru/MgO activity high.And the method for fractional steps is to a variety of transition metal and LiH/CaH2The material of composition has
Effect.In addition for the simple LiH/CaH of transition metal is not added2Also there is activity well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 LiH/CaH2In N2Lower TPD-MS
Fig. 2 LiNH2(or Li2NH) in H2Under TPD-MS
Fig. 3 CaH2And TM-CaH2In N2Lower TG
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the preparation method of sample with embodiment 2:
Preparation 50%Cr-CaH2 step: in argon gas glove box, 1g metal Cr and 1g CaH2 is weighed respectively, is placed in stainless
Ball milling 2h in steel ball grinding jar.
Sample preparation methods are according to preparation 50%Cr-CaH in other embodiments2Prepared by step, implement according to respective
In example prepared by the adding proportion of sample.
Embodiment 1. is with simple CaH2As two-step method material.
In argon gas glove box, the CaH of preparation is accurately weighed2Sample 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor
In.Sample is first in N2300 DEG C are warming up in atmosphere, pressure is normal pressure, and gas flow rate is controlled in 30ml/min.Gas is cut after 1h
Change hydrogen into, the ammonia generated with conductivity meter tracking.This is one-shot measurement activity.If be carried out continuously, pass through conductivity meter
Observation switches to nitrogen when generating to no ammonia again, then repeats process above.As shown in table 1.At 300 degree, 1bar, CaH2With
The generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia can reach 810umol.g-1.h-1.
Transition metal Cr and CaH is added in embodiment 2.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Cr-CaH2(mass ratio: Cr/Cr+CaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Cr-CaH2It can reach 2080umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transient metal Mn and CaH is added in embodiment 3.2As two-step method material.Prepare 50%Mn-CaH2(mass ratio: Mn/
Mn+CaH2=50%) sample prepares in argon gas glove box, accurately weighs sample 0.0300g, it is anti-to be placed in fixed bed stainless steel
It answers in device.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Mn-CaH2With substep
The generating rate of method ammonia can reach 2140umol.g-1.h-1.
Transition-metal Fe and CaH is added in embodiment 4.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Fe-CaH2(mass ratio: Fe/Fe+BaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs system in argon gas glove box
Standby sample 0.0300g, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.Such as 1 institute of table
Show.At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Fe-CaH2It can reach 2320umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transition metal Co and CaH is added in embodiment 5.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Co-CaH2(mass ratio: Co/Co+CaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Co-CaH2It can reach 1866umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transition metal Ni and CaH is added in embodiment 6.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Ni-CaH2(mass ratio: Ni/Ni+CaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs system in argon gas glove box
Standby sample 0.0300g, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.
At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Ni-CaH2It can reach 1446umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transition metal Cu and CaH is added in embodiment 7.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Cu-CaH2(mass ratio: Cu/Cu+CaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Cu-CaH2It can reach 2033umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transition metal Ru and CaH is added in embodiment 8.2As two-step method material.
Prepare 50%Ru-CaH2(mass ratio: Ru/Ru+CaH2=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Ru-CaH2It can reach 2620umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Embodiment 9. is with simple LiH as two-step method material.
In argon gas glove box, the LiH sample 0.0300g of preparation is accurately weighed, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.
Sample is first in N2300 DEG C are warming up in atmosphere, pressure is normal pressure, and gas flow rate is controlled in 30ml/min.Gas is switched after 1h
At hydrogen, the ammonia generated with conductivity meter tracking.This is one-shot measurement activity.If be carried out continuously, seen by conductivity meter
It examines to no ammonia and switches to nitrogen again when generating, then repeat process above.As shown in table 1.At 300 degree, 1bar, LiH, which is used, to be divided
The generating rate of footwork ammonia can reach 620umol.g-1.h-1.
Embodiment 10. is added transition metal Cr and LiH and is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Cr-LiH (mass ratio: Cr/Cr+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Cr-LiH can reach 1840umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transient metal Mn is added in embodiment 11. and LiH is used as two-step method material.
50%Mn-LiH (mass ratio: Mn/Mn+LiH=50%) sample is prepared, is prepared in argon gas glove box, it is accurate to claim
Sample 0.0300g is taken, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.
At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Mn-LiH can reach 1920umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Transition-metal Fe is added in embodiment 12. and LiH is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Fe-LiH (mass ratio: Fe/Fe+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs system in argon gas glove box
Standby sample 0.0300g, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.Such as 1 institute of table
Show.At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Fe-LiH can reach 2400umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Embodiment 13. is added transition metal Co and LiH and is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Co-LiH (mass ratio: Co/Co+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Co-LiH can reach 1680umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Embodiment 14. is added transition metal Ni and LiH and is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Ni-LiH (mass ratio: Ni/Ni+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs system in argon gas glove box
Standby sample 0.0300g, is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.
At 300 degree, 1bar, 50%Ni-LiH can reach 1600umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Embodiment 15. is added transition metal Cu and LiH and is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Cu-LiH (mass ratio: Cu/Cu+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Cu-LiH can reach 1800umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
Embodiment 16. is added transition metal Ru and LiH and is used as two-step method material.
Preparation 50%Ru-LiH (mass ratio: Ru/Ru+LiH=50%) sample accurately weighs sample in argon gas glove box
Product 0.0300g is placed in fixed bed stainless steel reactor.Activity measurement is carried out in the way of embodiment 1.As shown in table 1.?
300 degree, when 1bar, 50%Ru-LiH can reach 2500umol.g with the generating rate of method of fractional steps ammonia-1.h-1.
1 method of fractional steps of table activity and comparative catalyst's activity
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of two-step method synthesis ammonia, it is characterised in that: the method for the two-step method synthesis ammonia are as follows: nitrogen and plus hydrogen will be added
It puts ammonia process to separate, material is first specially reacted into fixed nitrogen with nitrogen, then add hydrogen to generate ammonia the material after fixed nitrogen；The material
Material includes main body or one of main body and catalyst, and body of material is I A, II A, III A race metal and its nitrogenous, hydrogeneous or contain
One of hydronitrogen or two kinds or more, catalyst be it is one or two or more kinds of in transition metal and its nitride, it is described
Catalyst can be reacted with catalytic hydrogenation object with nitrogen.
2. the method for two-step method synthesis ammonia as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the process conditions of the synthesis ammonia are as follows:
Synthesis temperature is 50-600 degree, and nitrogen pressure is 1bar-100bar, and hydrogen pressure is 1bar-100bar, air speed 100ml/g/h-
600000ml/g/h。
3. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the body of material molecular formula is MxNyHm(3y-nx), wherein M be I A,
II A, III A race element, n 1,2,3 are the chemical valence state of M, and m 1, -1 is the chemical valence state of H, as m=1, molecular formula MxNyH3y-nx, x=1~3, y=0~3；As m=-1, molecular formula MxNyHnx-3y, x=1~4, y=0~1.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: I A, II A, III A race element be Li, Na, K, Rb,
One of Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al or two kinds or more.
5. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the catalyst is connect with simple or load form with body of material
Touching；The transition metal is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Ag, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Pt or Au
One or more of, the mass ratio of catalyst and carrier is 1:100-100:1 in the catalyst of the load form.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the more excellent range of the mass ratio of the body of material and catalyst
For 200:1 to 1:100.
7. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the carrier of the catalyst load is Li2O、MgO、CaO、SrO、
BaO、Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2、CeO2、BN、Si3N4、Mg3N2、Ca3N2, AlN, molecular sieve, carbon material or the organic bone of metal
One of frame material (MOFs) or two kinds or more.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110284144A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-09-27 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of organic electrolyte and the preparation method and application thereof of electro-catalysis synthesis ammonia |
| CN110496646A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-26 | 西北大学 | Applied to the catalyst and preparation method thereof in the reaction using plasma technique synthesis ammonia |
| CN112875723A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing ammonia under water phase condition at normal temperature and pressure |
| CN114291788A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-08 | 西安交通大学 | High-nitrogen-content biomass-driven chemical chain reaction system and method |
| WO2022089658A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | 上海科技大学 | Method for catalytically synthesizing ammonia at atmospheric pressure |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110284144A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-09-27 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of organic electrolyte and the preparation method and application thereof of electro-catalysis synthesis ammonia |
| CN110496646A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-26 | 西北大学 | Applied to the catalyst and preparation method thereof in the reaction using plasma technique synthesis ammonia |
| CN110496646B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-11-19 | 西北大学 | Catalyst applied to reaction for synthesizing ammonia gas by using plasma technology and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022089658A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | 上海科技大学 | Method for catalytically synthesizing ammonia at atmospheric pressure |
| CN112875723A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing ammonia under water phase condition at normal temperature and pressure |
| CN112875723B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-05-20 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing ammonia under normal temperature and pressure water phase condition |
| CN114291788A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-08 | 西安交通大学 | High-nitrogen-content biomass-driven chemical chain reaction system and method |
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Application publication date: 20190604 |