CN109830710B - Method for testing heat capacity of fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Method for testing heat capacity of fuel cell stack Download PDF

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CN109830710B
CN109830710B CN201910083659.0A CN201910083659A CN109830710B CN 109830710 B CN109830710 B CN 109830710B CN 201910083659 A CN201910083659 A CN 201910083659A CN 109830710 B CN109830710 B CN 109830710B
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temperature
stack
initial
auxiliary system
water
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CN109830710A (en
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崔士涛
燕希强
瞿丽娟
王继明
孙注江
王铎霖
邓存柏
严国尹
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Foshan (yunfu) Hydrogen Energy Industry And New Materials Development Research Institute
Guangdong Guohong Hydrogen Energy Technology Co ltd
Guohong Hydrogen Energy Technology Jiaxing Co ltd
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Foshan (yunfu) Hydrogen Energy Industry And New Materials Development Research Institute
Guangdong Sinosynergy Hydrogen Power Technology Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics of fuel cell stacks, and particularly relates to a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack, which comprises the steps of testing the mass of the stack and an auxiliary system except the stack, removing the initial temperature of the stack, the first initial temperature of the auxiliary system and the first temperature of the auxiliary system obtained after a first liquid passes through the stack on the premise that the whole testing system ensures heat insulation, substituting the measured value into a first heat capacity function, and obtaining an equation F (C) of the total heat capacityStack，CAuxiliary system) (ii) a Testing a second initial temperature of the auxiliary system and a second liquid to obtain a second temperature of the auxiliary system after the second initial temperature and the second liquid pass through the auxiliary system, substituting the measured value into a second heat capacity function to obtain an equation F (C) of the heat capacity of the auxiliary systemAuxiliary system) (ii) a Simultaneous equation F (C)Stack，CAuxiliary system) And F (C)Auxiliary system) And obtaining the heat capacity of the electric pile. The testing method is simple and has higher precision.

Description

Method for testing heat capacity of fuel cell stack
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics of fuel cell stacks, and particularly relates to a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack.
Background
The heat capacity of the fuel cell stack belongs to the inherent physical property of the fuel cell stack, and the application aspects are many, for example, the thermodynamic calculation aspect is particularly important for the development of the low-temperature start of the fuel cell, and if the heat capacity of the stack can be simply and accurately measured and calculated, the heat capacity of the stack can be greatly helpful for the design of the low-temperature start of the system.
The conventional measurement and calculation method for the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack has few reports, and the common measurement and calculation method is to obtain the overall heat capacity of the stack by performing accumulated calculation on the heat capacities of all parts forming the stack. The other method is to operate the electric pile, heat the electric pile through the waste heat of the electric pile, firstly, the temperature of the electric pile is not changed when a certain current is tested to be used as the heat diffusion capacity of the electric pile, and secondly, the temperature rise of the electric pile is recorded by changing the current of the electric pile so as to calculate the heat capacity of the electric pile. The disadvantage of this method is that the calculation error is large, and on the other hand, the auxiliary system is complex.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack, which avoids complicated auxiliary equipment, is simple and does not require a test bench for testing.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack that avoids the need for extensive physical parameter review of the materials.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack, which has high measurement accuracy.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, a method for testing a heat capacity of a fuel cell stack includes the steps of:
testing the quality of the electric pile and the auxiliary system except the electric pile, the initial temperature of the electric pile, the first initial temperature of the auxiliary system and the first temperature of the auxiliary system obtained after the first liquid passes through the electric pile, substituting the measured value into the first heat capacity function to obtain an equation F (C) of the total heat capacity of the fuel cell electric pileStack，CAuxiliary system)；
Testing the second initial temperature of the auxiliary system and the second temperature of the auxiliary system after the second liquid passes through the auxiliary system, and substituting the measured value into the second heat capacity function to obtain the equation F (C) of the heat capacity of the auxiliary systemAuxiliary system)；
Simultaneous equation F (C)Stack，CAuxiliary system) And F (C)Auxiliary system) And obtaining the heat capacity of the electric pile.
According to the fuel cell stack heat capacity testing method, the heat capacity characteristic of the fuel cell stack is very important for the design of a system or a whole vehicle, and particularly important in the aspect of low-temperature performance of the fuel cell stack or the system. The accurate heat capacity of the fuel cell stack is mastered, and design numerical support is provided for the low-temperature start design and the control strategy of the system.
The testing method is simple and has higher testing precision.
Preferably, the auxiliary system comprises a water tank, a water pump, a connecting pipeline and a connecting joint, wherein the water pump is connected with the water tank, and the connecting pipeline is connected with the galvanic pile and the water tank through the connecting joint; (ii) a The fuel cell stack system is provided with at least four temperature test points, the at least four temperature test points comprise a temperature test point arranged on the surface of the stack, at least three temperature test points are set in the auxiliary system, the at least three temperature test points comprise a temperature test point set as a water inlet of the stack at a joint of a water inlet of the stack, and a temperature test point set as a water outlet of the stack and a temperature test point of a water tank at a joint of a water outlet of the stack.
Preferably, the equation F1 for obtaining the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stack specifically includes:
testing the quality of the galvanic pile and auxiliary systems except the galvanic pile, and the initial temperature of the galvanic pile;
testing the initial temperature of the water tank, the initial temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and the initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
injecting the heated first liquid into the water tank, testing the first temperature of the water tank when the water tank is stable, pumping the first liquid into the galvanic pile for circulation for a certain time, testing the first temperature of the water tank, the first temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile, the first temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile and testing the first temperature of the galvanic pile;
substituting the measured value into the first heat capacity function to obtain an equation F1 (C) of the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stackStack，CAuxiliary system)＝m3*CA first liquid*[T1-(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4]-m1*CStack*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-TInitial pile]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-(TInitial water tank+TInitial stacking in+TInitially stacking out+TInitial pile)/4]＝0；
Wherein m is1Is the mass of the stack, m2To assist the mass of the system, m3Is the mass of the first liquid, T1Temperature, T, to assist in system stabilisationInitial pileIs the initial temperature of the stack, TInitial water tankIs the initial temperature, T, of the water tankInitial stacking inInitial temperature of the stack inlet, TInitially stacking outInitial temperature, T, of the stack outletWater potIs the first temperature, T, of the water tankIs piled inA first temperature, T, of the inlet of the cell stackIs piled up outFirst temperature, T, of the stack outletStackIs the first temperature of the stack.
Preferably, the equation F2 for obtaining the heat capacity of the auxiliary system specifically includes:
testing a second initial temperature of the water tank, a second initial temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and a second initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
injecting the heated second liquid into the water tank, testing the second temperature of the water tank when the water tank is stable, pumping the second liquid into the auxiliary system for circulation for a certain time, and testing the second temperature of the water tank, the second temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and the second temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
substituting the measured value into the second heat capacity function to obtain the heat capacity of the auxiliary system in equation F2 (C)Auxiliary system)＝m4*CA second liquid[T‵1-(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3-(T‵Initial water tank+T‵Initial stacking in+T‵Initially stacking out)/3]＝0；
Wherein m is4Is the mass of the second liquid, T1A second temperature T') for stabilizing the auxiliary systemWater potIs the second temperature, T of the water tankIs piled inIs the second temperature, T', of the galvanic pile water inletIs piled up outIs the second temperature, T', of the water outlet of the electric pileInitial water tankIs the second initial temperature, T of the water tankInitial stacking inIs a second initial temperature, T', of the electric pile water inletInitially stacking outThe second initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile.
Preferably, T isInitial water tank、TInitial stacking in、TInitially stacking outTemperature deviation of not more than 0.3 ℃, TWater pot、TIs piled in、TIs piled up outAnd TStackThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃;
T‵initial water tank、T‵Initial stacking in、T‵Initially stacking outThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃, and T isWater pot、T‵Is piled in、T‵Is piled up outThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃;
wherein the time of the first liquid pumping cycle into the galvanic pile is the same as the time of the second liquid pumping cycle into the auxiliary system.
In order to ensure the testing precision, the temperature deviation is controlled below 0.3 ℃.
Preferably, the outer sides of the galvanic pile, the connecting pipeline, the water pump, the water tank and the connecting joint are all wrapped with a layer of heat insulating layer.
The whole test system part needs to be processed in an adiabatic way.
Preferably, the heat insulating layer is selected from any one of PVC, PE, PP and silica gel.
Preferably, the first liquid is selected from one or both of water and glycol, and the second liquid is selected from one or both of water and glycol.
Because water and glycol are not corrosive to the galvanic pile, and can be mutually dissolved in any proportion.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The method for testing the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack avoids complex auxiliary equipment, has simple equipment and does not need a test bench for matching test;
2. the method for testing the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack provided by the invention avoids the lookup of physical parameters of a large number of materials;
3. the method for testing the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack has higher test precision;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment 1 of a method for testing a heat capacity of a fuel cell stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of determining total heat capacity of a fuel cell stack system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of testing the heat capacity of an auxiliary system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of the experiment of equation F1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a logic diagram of the experiment of equation F2 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic thermodynamic flow diagram of the present invention.
Wherein Q isStacking and sucking deviceIs the heat absorption value of the pile, QAuxiliary system suctionIs the heat absorption value of the stack, f (C)p pile) Is the heat capacity of the stack, f (C)P auxiliary system) To assist the heat capacity of the system, QStack heat dissipationIs the heat dissipation value, Q, of the pileAuxiliary system powderTo assist the heat dissipation value of the system, Δ QWater (W)Is the difference in heat of the water.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It should be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other combinations.
According to the fuel cell stack heat capacity testing method, the heat capacity characteristic of the fuel cell stack is very important for the design of a system or a whole vehicle, and particularly important in the aspect of low-temperature performance of the fuel cell stack or the system. The accurate heat capacity of the fuel cell stack is mastered, and design numerical support is provided for the low-temperature start design and the control strategy of the system.
The fuel cell pile system comprises a pile, a water tank, a water pump, a connecting pipeline and a connecting joint, wherein the water tank, the water pump, the connecting pipeline and the connecting joint form an auxiliary system, the water pump is connected with the water tank, and the connecting pipeline is connected with the pile and the water tank through the connecting joint. The galvanic pile, the connecting pipeline, the water pump, the water tank and the outer side of the connecting joint are all wrapped by a layer of heat insulation layer, the water tank is 2-5L in volume and made of metal or engineering plastics, and the water tank is provided with a closable opening.
The auxiliary system comprises a temperature test point (provided with a first temperature sensor) arranged at the galvanic pile, and at least three temperature test points arranged in the auxiliary system, wherein the temperature test point (provided with a second temperature sensor) arranged at the joint of the water inlet of the galvanic pile is set as the temperature test point of the water inlet of the galvanic pile, and the temperature test point (provided with a third temperature sensor) arranged at the joint of the water outlet of the galvanic pile and the temperature test point (provided with a fourth temperature sensor) of the water tank. Certainly, temperature test points may be arranged on all components of the auxiliary system, and since the temperature of the system is almost consistent after the whole system is stabilized, at least three temperature test points are randomly selected, so that the testing method of the present invention can be completed, and higher accuracy is achieved, for example, temperature test points may be arranged on the connecting pipeline.
The invention provides a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 101, testing the quality of the electric pile and the auxiliary system except the electric pile, the initial temperature of the electric pile, the first initial temperature of the auxiliary system and the first temperature of the auxiliary system obtained after the first liquid passes through the electric pile, substituting the measured value into the first heat capacity function to obtain an equation F (C) of the total heat capacity of the fuel cell electric pileStack，CAuxiliary system)＝F1；
102, testing a second initial temperature of the auxiliary system and a second liquid to obtain a second temperature of the auxiliary system after the second initial temperature and the second liquid pass through the auxiliary system, and substituting the measured value into a second heat capacity function to obtain an equation F (C) of the heat capacity of the auxiliary systemAuxiliary system)＝F2；
Step 103, simultaneous equation F (C)Stack，CAuxiliary system) And F (C)Auxiliary system) And obtaining the heat capacity of the electric pile.
The invention relates to a method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack, which comprises the following steps of testing the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack in two steps, wherein the first step is testing the heat capacity of the whole experimental system, the heat capacity of the stack to be tested and the heat capacity C of other auxiliary componentsStack，CAuxiliary system(ii) a The second step is to test the heat capacity C of other auxiliary components except the electric pile to be testedAuxiliary systemFinally standing togetherF(CStack，CAuxiliary system)，F(CAuxiliary system) The heat capacity C stack of the electric stack can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, in step 101, the equation F1 for obtaining the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stack includes the following steps:
step 201, testing the mass m of the galvanic pile1And mass m of the auxiliary system2And the initial temperature T of the stackAt the beginning of the stacking process,arranging a first temperature sensor at the galvanic pile for measuring the temperature of the galvanic pile;
step 202, when T is reachedInitial water tank、TInitial stacking in、TInitially stacking outThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃, and the initial temperature T of the water tank is testedInitial water tankInitial temperature T of the water inlet of the galvanic pileInitial stacking inInitial temperature T of the water outlet of the stackInitially stacking out；
Step 203, the mass after heating is m3Is injected into the water tank, and a first temperature T is tested when the water tank is stable1Simultaneously recording the starting time T1, pumping the first liquid into the galvanic pile for circulation until the first temperature T of the water tankWater potA first temperature T of the water inlet of the galvanic pileIs piled inA first temperature T of the water outlet of the galvanic pileIs piled up outFirst temperature T of said stackStackReach a steady state, and TWater pot、TIs piled in、TIs piled up outAnd TStackWhen the temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃, respectively recording TWater pot、TIs piled in、TIs piled up outAnd TStackAnd a termination time t 2;
step 204, substituting the measured value into the first heat capacity function, obtains an equation F1 (C) for obtaining the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stackStack，CAuxiliary system)＝m3*CA first liquid*[T1-(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4]-m1*CStack*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-TInitial pile]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-(TInitial water tank+TInitial stacking in+TInitially stacking out+TInitial pile)/4]＝0；
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the equation F2 for obtaining the heat capacity of the auxiliary system includes the following steps:
step 301, when T valueInitial water tank、T‵Initial stacking in、T‵Initially stacking outTesting the second initial temperature T of the water tank when the temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 DEG CInitial water tankThe second initial temperature T of the electric pile water inletInitial stacking inAnd a second initial temperature T of the water outlet of the electric pileInitially stacking out；
Step 302, the mass after heating is m4The second liquid is injected into the water tank, and the second temperature T' of the water tank during stability is tested1And then pumping the second liquid into the auxiliary system for circulation, recording the starting time T3 and the ending time T4, and when the temperatures of the four temperature sensors reach stability and the T value is up toWater pot、T‵Is piled in、T‵Is piled up out、T‵StackTemperature deviation of not more than 0.3 ℃ and t4-t3＝t2-t1Time of flight，Testing the second temperature T of the water potWater potThe second temperature T of the electric pile water inlet is vertical to the first temperature TIs piled inAnd a second temperature T of the water outlet of the electric pileIs piled up outAnd ending the test;
step 303, substituting the measured value into the second heat capacity function to obtain the heat capacity equation F2 (C) of the auxiliary systemAuxiliary system)＝m4*CA second liquid[T‵1-(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3-(T‵Initial water tank+T‵Initial stacking in+T‵Initially stacking out)/3]＝0；
Wherein, as shown in FIG. 4, the thermodynamic equilibrium equation is mLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofCvLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofΔT＝mElectric pileCvElectric pileΔT+QPile heat dissipation+mAuxiliary systemCvAuxiliary systemΔT+QAuxiliary system heat dissipation
Under adiabatic conditions: qPile heat dissipation＝0，QAuxiliary system heat dissipation＝0
Thus: m isLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofCvLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofΔT＝mElectric pileCvElectric pileΔT+mAuxiliary systemCvAuxiliary systemΔT
The invention is illustrated in detail by the following examples:
example 1
The first liquid and the second liquid are both selected from water.
The heat capacity of the auxiliary components is first calculated for a 90-cell stack of some type: weighing the mass m of an auxiliary component23633g, test the initial temperature T of the water tank1At 41.3 ℃ and water weight m41124g, initial temperature T of the stackInitial pileAt 22.2 deg.C, initial temperature T of water inlet of galvanic pileInitial stacking inAt 22.6 ℃, the initial temperature T of the water outlet of the galvanic pileInitially stacking outAt 22.0 deg.C, circulating for 5min, and testing water inlet temperature T of the electric pileIs piled inAt 36.4 deg.C, the temperature T of the water outlet of the pileIs piled up outAt 36 ℃ and a stack temperature TStackAt 36 ℃, the heat capacity of the auxiliary system is calculated to be 484J/kg.k, and then the heat capacity of the electric pile is calculated: weighing the weight m1 of the electric pile to 14200g, weighing the hot water by weight m31521g of the powder is poured into a water tank, when the temperature of the water tank is 47 ℃, the initial temperature of the galvanic pile is 20.4 ℃ after the temperature of the water tank is stabilized, the temperature of the galvanic pile water inlet is stabilized by 28.4 ℃, the temperature of the galvanic pile water outlet is 28.1 ℃, the temperature of the galvanic pile is 28.1 ℃ after 5min circulation, and the temperature of the water pool is 28.1 ℃, the heat capacity C of the galvanic pile is obtained by calculationStackIt was 988J/kg.k.
Example 2
The first liquid and the second liquid are selected from glycol
The heat capacity of the auxiliary components is first calculated for a 90-cell stack of some type: weighing 3633g of auxiliary components, setting the initial temperature of a water tank to be 45.2 ℃, the weight of ethylene glycol to be 1580g, setting the initial temperature of a galvanic pile to be 21.4 ℃, the initial temperature of a galvanic pile water inlet to be 21.2 ℃, the temperature of a galvanic pile water outlet to be 21.3 ℃, and circulating for 5min to finish the galvanic pile waterThe inlet temperature is 37.6 ℃, the water outlet temperature of the electric pile is 37.4 ℃, the temperature of the electric pile is 37.8 ℃, the heat capacity of the calculation auxiliary system is 476J/kg.k, and then the heat capacity of the electric pile is calculated: weighing 14200g of the total weight of the galvanic pile, pouring 1727g of hot water into the water tank, when the temperature of the water tank is stable, the temperature is 52 ℃, the initial temperature of the galvanic pile is 22.4 ℃, the temperature of the galvanic pile is stable after 5min circulation, the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile water is 28.4 ℃, the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile water is 28.5 ℃, the temperature of the galvanic pile is 28.4 ℃ and the temperature of the water pool is 28.6 ℃. Calculating to obtain the heat capacity C of the electric pileStackIt was 981J/kg.k.
Example 3
The first liquid and the second liquid are mixed solution of water and glycol, and the mass ratio of the water to the glycol is 1: 1.
The heat capacity of the auxiliary components is first calculated for a 90-cell stack of some type: weighing 3633g of auxiliary components, setting the initial temperature of a water tank at 53.3 ℃, the weight of water at 1670g, setting the initial temperature of a galvanic pile at 21.2 ℃, the initial temperature of a galvanic pile water inlet at 21.2 ℃, the temperature of a galvanic pile water outlet at 21.0 ℃, setting the temperature of the galvanic pile water inlet at 45.6 ℃ after 5min of circulation, setting the temperature of the galvanic pile water outlet at 45.5 ℃, setting the temperature of the galvanic pile at 45.7 ℃, setting the heat capacity of a calculation auxiliary system at 480J/kg.k, and then calculating the heat capacity of the galvanic pile: weighing 14200g of total weight of the galvanic pile, pouring 1890g of hot water into the water tank, and after the temperature of the water tank is stable, controlling the temperature to be 58.6 ℃, the initial temperature of the galvanic pile to be 21.4 ℃, and after 5min circulation, controlling the temperature of the galvanic pile to be stable, controlling the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile water to be 28.4 ℃, the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile water to be 31.8 ℃, the temperature of the galvanic pile to be 32.0 ℃ and the temperature of the water tank to be 32.3 ℃. Calculating to obtain the heat capacity C of the electric pileStack980J/kg.k.
The electric pile is composed of a plurality of components, each component is made of a different material, and the heat capacity parameters of a large number of materials need to be consulted.
In addition, the heat capacity of the electric pile can be measured by only knowing the heat capacities of water and glycol in the test process and combining test data, and because the data are tested by combining experiments, errors caused by theoretical calculation are avoided, and the test precision can be improved by controlling the temperature precision.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are applicable to all kinds of fields suitable for the invention, and further modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details and the examples shown herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims (8)

1. A method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
testing the quality of the stack and the auxiliary system except the stack, the initial temperature of the stack, the first initial temperature of the auxiliary system, and the first temperature of the auxiliary system obtained after the first liquid passes through the stack, and substituting the measured values into the first heat capacity function to obtain an equation F1 (C) of the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stackStack，CAuxiliary system)；
After the second initial temperature of the auxiliary system and the second liquid pass through the auxiliary system, the second temperature of the auxiliary system is tested, and the measured value is substituted into the second heat capacity function to obtain an equation F2 (C) of the heat capacity of the auxiliary systemAuxiliary system)；
Simultaneous equation F1 (C)Stack，CAuxiliary system) And F2 (C)Auxiliary system) And obtaining the heat capacity of the electric pile.
2. The method for testing the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary system comprises a water tank, a water pump, a connecting pipeline and a connecting joint, wherein the water pump is connected with the water tank, and the connecting pipeline is connected with the stack and the water tank through the connecting joint; the fuel cell stack system is provided with at least four temperature test points, the at least four temperature test points comprise a temperature test point arranged on the surface of the stack, at least three temperature test points are set in the auxiliary system, the at least three temperature test points comprise a temperature test point set as a water inlet of the stack at a joint of a water inlet of the stack, and a temperature test point set as a water outlet of the stack and a temperature test point of a water tank at a joint of a water outlet of the stack.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the equation F1 for obtaining the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stack includes:
testing the quality of the galvanic pile and auxiliary systems except the galvanic pile, and the initial temperature of the galvanic pile;
testing the initial temperature of the water tank, the initial temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and the initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
injecting the heated first liquid into the water tank, testing the first temperature of the water tank when the water tank is stable, pumping the first liquid into the galvanic pile for circulation for a certain time, testing the first temperature of the water tank, the first temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile, the first temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile and testing the first temperature of the galvanic pile;
substituting the measured value into the first heat capacity function to obtain an equation F1 (C) of the total heat capacity of the fuel cell stackStack，CAuxiliary system)＝m3*CA first liquid*[T1-(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4]-m1*CStack*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-TInitial pile]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(TWater pot+TIs piled in+TIs piled up out+TStack)/4-(TInitial water tank+TInitial stacking in+TInitially stacking out+TInitial pile)/4]＝0；
Wherein m is1Is the mass of the stack, m2To assist the mass of the system, m3Is the mass of the first liquid, T1First temperature, T, when the water tank is stableInitial pileIs the initial temperature of the stack, TInitial water tankIs the initial temperature, T, of the water tankInitial stacking inInitial temperature of the stack inlet, TInitially stacking outInitial temperature, T, of the stack outletWater potIs the first temperature, T, of the water tankIs piled inA first temperature, T, of the inlet of the cell stackIs piled up outFirst temperature, T, of the stack outletStackIs the first temperature of the stack.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the equation F2 for obtaining the heat capacity of the auxiliary system comprises:
testing a second initial temperature of the water tank, a second initial temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and a second initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
injecting the heated second liquid into the water tank, testing the second temperature of the water tank when the water tank is stable, pumping the second liquid into the auxiliary system for circulation for a certain time, and testing the second temperature of the water tank, the second temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and the second temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile;
substituting the measured value into the second heat capacity function to obtain the heat capacity of the auxiliary system in equation F2 (C)Auxiliary system)＝m4*CA second liquid[T‵1-(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3]-m2*CAuxiliary system*[(T‵Water pot+T‵Is piled in+T‵Is piled up out)/3-(T‵Initial water tank+T‵Initial stacking in+T‵Initially stacking out)/3]＝0；
Wherein m is4Is the mass of the second liquid, T1A second temperature T') for stabilizing the auxiliary systemWater potIs the second temperature, T of the water tankIs piled inIs the second temperature, T', of the galvanic pile water inletIs piled up outIs the second temperature, T', of the water outlet of the electric pileInitial water tankIs the second initial temperature, T of the water tankInitial stacking inIs a second initial temperature, T', of the electric pile water inletInitially stacking outThe second initial temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile.
5. Such as rightThe method for measuring the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack according to claim 4, wherein T isInitial water tank、TInitial stacking in、TInitially stacking outTemperature deviation of not more than 0.3 ℃, TWater pot、TIs piled in、TIs piled up outAnd TStackThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃;
T‵initial water tank、T‵Initial stacking in、T‵Initially stacking outThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃, and T isWater pot、T‵Is piled in、T‵Is piled up outThe temperature deviation is less than or equal to 0.3 ℃;
wherein the time of the first liquid pumping cycle into the galvanic pile is the same as the time of the second liquid pumping cycle into the auxiliary system.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the stack, the connecting pipe, the water pump, the water tank, and the connecting joint are coated with a thermal insulating layer.
7. The method for testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the thermal insulation layer is selected from any one of PVC, PE, PP and silica gel.
8. The method of testing the heat capacity of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid is selected from one or both of water and glycol, and the second liquid is selected from one or both of water and glycol.
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