CN109830380B - Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application - Google Patents

Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN109830380B
CN109830380B CN201910123441.3A CN201910123441A CN109830380B CN 109830380 B CN109830380 B CN 109830380B CN 201910123441 A CN201910123441 A CN 201910123441A CN 109830380 B CN109830380 B CN 109830380B
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electrode material
metal
supercapacitor
preparation
foam
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CN109830380A (en
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田进军
薛艳
付卫云
田腾飞
余新平
李翛
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Nanyang Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of nano materials, and particularly relates to a super capacitor electrode material, a preparation method and application. The preparation principle is as follows: tong (Chinese character of 'tong')The coordination of triethanolamine and metal ions is utilized to generate a complex, the triethanolamine has certain alkalinity in aqueous solution, and OH can be generated by electrolysisComplex and OHAnd (3) acting to generate the metal hydroxide hydrogel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on the generated metal hydroxide hydrogel to obtain a metal hydroxide film, cutting the metal hydroxide film into a required size, clamping the foamed metal current collector between two foamed nickel current collectors, and pressing the foamed metal current collectors into a whole under the pressure of 5-20MPa to prepare the working electrode for the supercapacitor. The invention provides a super capacitor electrode material, a preparation method and application thereof, and the electrode material can realize the functions of the traditional super capacitor without a conductive agent and an adhesive.

Description

Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of electrode materials of a super capacitor, and relates to an electrode material of a super capacitor, a preparation method and application.
Background
A supercapacitor is an energy storage device interposed between a battery and a capacitor. The super capacitor has the characteristics of high charging and discharging efficiency, high power density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of traffic, mobile communication, information technology, aerospace, national defense science and technology and the like.
Transition metal hydroxides are often selected as excellent capacitor materials because of their high specific capacitance and energy density. In the process of preparing a working electrode of a traditional super capacitor, besides transition metal hydroxide, a conductive agent and an adhesive are required to be added, the addition of the adhesive can cause the increase of internal resistance so as to inhibit electron transmission, the simultaneous addition of the conductive agent and the adhesive can not only increase the weight of the working electrode so as to cause the capacitor to be heavy and difficult to carry, but also can cause the falling of the conductive agent and the adhesive easily along with the long-term use of the super capacitor, so that the performance of the capacitor is influenced.
Therefore, the electrode material of the super capacitor without adding a conductive agent and an adhesive is required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides the electrode material of the super capacitor, the preparation method and the application, and the electrode material can realize the comprehensive performance of the traditional super capacitor through a conductive agent, an adhesive and a transition metal hydroxide.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a supercapacitor electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving metal salt in water to prepare a salt solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L; the metal salt is one or a mixture of more of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, copper chloride or copper nitrate;
(2) adding triethanolamine into the salt solution prepared in the step (1) to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the triethanolamine to the metal ions is 3-24: 1;
(3) putting the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, and crystallizing at 120-220 ℃ for 6-24 h;
(4) washing, filtering and drying the crystallized product obtained in the step (3) to obtain a metal hydroxide film;
(5) preparing a foam metal current collector: ultrasonically washing the foam metal by using dilute hydrochloric acid, water and ethanol in sequence, and drying in vacuum to obtain a foam metal current collector; the foam metal is foam nickel or foam copper;
(6) and (4) clamping the metal hydroxide film in the step (4) between two foam metal current collectors, and pressurizing to 5-20MPa by using a tablet press to obtain the electrode material of the super capacitor.
Preferably, when the electrode material of the supercapacitor is prepared, the metal salt and the foam metal are the same metal.
Preferably, the drying conditions in step (4) are as follows: drying at 40-60 deg.C for 6-8 hr.
Preferably, the vacuum drying conditions in step (5) are as follows: drying at 50-80 deg.C under vacuum for 3-5 hr.
Preferably, in the step (5), the foamed metal current collector is cut into 1 × 1 × 0.2cm3And then washed again.
Preferably, the metal hydroxide film obtained in step (4) is cut into pieces of 1X 0.1cm3Cutting the foam metal current collector obtained in the step (5) into 1 multiplied by 0.2cm3The size of (d); and then, the operation of the step (6) is carried out.
Preferably, the supercapacitor electrode material is applied to preparation of a supercapacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a super capacitor electrode material, a preparation method and application, wherein a coordination compound is generated by utilizing the coordination of Triethanolamine (TEOA) and metal ions, the triethanolamine has certain alkalinity in an aqueous solution, and OH can be generated by electrolysis-With increasing temperature, the coordination decreases, the metal ions and OH-The metal hydroxide hydrogel is generated by the action, and the metal hydroxide film material can be prepared by controlling the reaction conditions.
(2) The electrode material of the super capacitor provided by the invention is simple to operate in the process of preparing the working electrode, the material can be cut into required sizes at will, a conductive agent and an adhesive are not added, the material is directly clamped between two foam metal current collectors prepared by the invention, and the material is directly pressed by a tablet press or a roller press and then is used as the electrode material in the super capacitor.
(3) The working electrode prepared from the metal hydroxide has good electrochemical performance in a KOH electrolyte, and realizes excellent specific capacitance in a three-electrode system, wherein the specific capacitance reaches 2268F/g under the condition of 0.5A/g. The composite material is a super capacitor composite material with good capacitive performance, and has long-term significance in the aspect of practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a coil of a metal hydroxide thin film material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of a metal hydroxide thin film material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a metal hydroxide thin film material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of a metal hydroxide thin film material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a working electrode of the method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cyclic voltammogram of a supercapacitor electrode material of the present invention at different scan rates.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments and accompanying fig. 1-5 are used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the invention to illustrate the preferred embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the metal hydroxide film material in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1mmol of NiCl was accurately weighed2·6H2O, adding 25mL of water, adding magnetons, stirring at room temperature for 10min until NiCl is obtained2·6H2And after O is completely dissolved, 9mmol of triethanolamine is dropwise added, the mixture is stirred for 20min, and the obtained mixture is transferred into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for 12 h. And after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction product, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, centrifugally washing the reaction product, and drying the reaction product for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the metal hydroxide film material.
Example 2
This example 2 is a method for preparing a metal hydroxide thin film material, comprising the following steps:
1mmol of NiCl was accurately weighed2·6H2O, adding 25mL of water, adding magnetons, stirring at room temperature for 10min until NiCl is obtained2·6H2And after O is completely dissolved, 12mmol of triethanolamine is dropwise added, the mixture is stirred for 20min, and the obtained mixture is transferred into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for 12 h. Taking out and cooling after the reaction is finishedAnd (3) cooling to room temperature, centrifugally washing, and vacuum-drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the metal hydroxide film material.
Example 3
This example 3 is a method for preparing a metal hydroxide thin film material, comprising the following steps:
1mmol of NiCl was accurately weighed2·6H2O, adding 25mL of water, adding magnetons, stirring at room temperature for 10min until NiCl is obtained2·6H2And after O is completely dissolved, 9mmol of triethanolamine is dropwise added, the mixture is stirred for 20min, and the obtained mixture is transferred into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for 8 h. And after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction product, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, centrifugally washing the reaction product, and drying the reaction product for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the metal hydroxide film material.
Example 4
The preparation method of the metal hydroxide film material in this embodiment 4 includes the following steps:
accurately weigh 0.9mmol of NiCl2·6H2O and 0.1mmol Cu (NO)3)2·6H2O, adding 25mL of water, adding magneton, stirring at room temperature for 10min until 0.9mmol of NiCl2·6H2O and 0.1mmol Cu (NO)3)2·6H2And after O is completely dissolved, 12mmol of triethanolamine is dropwise added, the mixture is stirred for 20min, and the obtained mixture is transferred into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for 12 h. And after the reaction is finished, taking out the mixture, cooling the mixture to room temperature, centrifugally washing the mixture, and drying the mixture for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the metal hydroxide mixture film material.
We take the metal hydroxide thin film material prepared in example 1 as an example, and perform a performance test on the metal hydroxide thin film material, wherein:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are photographs of the metal hydroxide thin film of example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the material prepared in example 1 has a certain flexibility; as can be seen from FIG. 1, a uniform film material with certain transparency and continuity is obtained after the steps of suction filtration, washing and drying.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the metal hydroxide thin film in example 1, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the prepared metal hydroxide thin film material has an ultra-thin 2D nanosheet structure, self-assembled from numerous tiny nanoparticles.
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of a metal hydroxide thin film in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that a sample of the prepared thin film has β -Ni (OH)2(JCPDS 00-014-0117) has characteristic absorption peaks at 33.3 degrees, 35.59 degrees, 38.6 degrees, 43.6 degrees, 51.8 degrees, 59.4 degrees, 62.5 degrees, 69.5 degrees and 72.8 degrees 2 theta, which indicates that the film material is beta-Ni (OH)2
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a working electrode of the electrode material of a supercapacitor according to example 1 of the present invention. The working electrode is simple to prepare, and the material can be cut into 1 multiplied by 0.2cm3The size, the conductive agent and the adhesive are not added, the nickel foam is directly clamped between two pieces of foam nickel, and the nickel foam is directly pressed by a tablet press or a roller press and then is used as an electrode material in a super capacitor.
We also tested examples 3-5, which also have similar surface microstructure characteristics as example 1, and because of the ultra-thin 2D surface microstructure characteristics of the supercapacitor electrode materials prepared in examples 1-4, they can be used as working electrode materials in supercapacitors.
We next performed cyclic voltammetry measurements on the performance of supercapacitors, using the preparation of working electrodes of one of the supercapacitor electrode materials prepared in examples 1-4.
The specific test conditions were: a platinum electrode is used as a counter electrode, a mercury oxide electrode is used as a reference electrode, the working electrode and the electrolyte are 6mol KOH solution, the voltage window is 0-0.5V, and the scanning speed is 5mV/S-100 mV/S. The specific test results of the supercapacitor electrode materials of examples 1 to 4 as working electrodes are shown in table 1 below:
table 1 results of performance tests on electrode materials of a supercapacitor provided in examples 1 to 4
Figure GDA0002638680410000061
Figure GDA0002638680410000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the supercapacitor electrode materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 all have excellent capacitance performance in 6mol KOH electrolyte. It can be seen that the specific capacitances of examples 1-4 of the present invention can reach 2025F/g, 1956F/g, 1525F/g and 1716F/g, respectively, when charging and discharging at a current density of 0.5A/g.
As detected, in the prior art, when the current density is 1A/g for charging and discharging, the porous Ni (OH)2The specific capacitance of the nano-particles can reach 1842F/g, Ni (OH) synthesized by a hydrothermal method2The specific capacitance of the electrode material of the super capacitor with a 2D or 3D structure prepared by some other methods can reach 1747F/g in 6mol KOH electrolyte solution at the current density of 1A/g,
table 1 comparing the test results with the prior art, the supercapacitor of the present invention requires a small current density, but the specific capacitance produced is comparable to the prior art, and the present invention does not require conductive agents and adhesives.
In addition, we further determined the cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates for the supercapacitor electrode material provided in example 1, and FIG. 6 is the cyclic voltammogram at different scan rates for the metal hydroxide thin film material provided in example 1 (the scan rates are sequentially 5mV/s, 10 mV/s, 20mV/s, 30mV/s, 50mV/s, 80mV/s, and 100mV/s along the direction of the arrow. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the metal hydroxide thin film material has a pair of symmetrical redox peaks at different scan rates, indicating that the sample has pseudocapacitance properties.
In conclusion, the invention not only provides a preparation method of the electrode material of the super capacitor, but also tests show that the super capacitor can completely replace the traditional capacitor containing the conductive agent and the adhesive in the practicability, so the invention has long-term significance in the aspect of practical application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of protection is not limited thereto. The equivalents and modifications of the present invention which may occur to those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a super capacitor electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving metal salt in water to prepare a salt solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L; the metal salt is one or a mixture of more of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, copper chloride or copper nitrate;
(2) adding triethanolamine into the salt solution prepared in the step (1) to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the triethanolamine to the metal ions is 3-24: 1;
(3) putting the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, and crystallizing at 120-220 ℃ for 6-24 h;
(4) washing, filtering and drying the crystallized product obtained in the step (3) to obtain a metal hydroxide film;
(5) preparing a foam metal current collector: ultrasonically washing the foam metal by using dilute hydrochloric acid, water and ethanol in sequence, and then drying in vacuum to obtain a foam metal current collector; the foam metal is foam nickel or foam copper;
(6) and (4) clamping the metal hydroxide film in the step (4) between two foam metal current collectors, and pressurizing to 5-20MPa by using a tablet press to obtain the electrode material of the super capacitor.
2. The method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt and the metal foam are made of the same metal when the electrode material of the supercapacitor is prepared.
3. The preparation method of the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the drying conditions in the step (4) are as follows: drying at 40-60 deg.C for 6-8 hr.
4. The method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum drying conditions in the step (5) are as follows: drying at 50-80 deg.C under vacuum for 3-5 hr.
5. The method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (5) is 0.1-1 mol/L.
6. The method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the foamed metal current collector is cut into 1 x 0.2cm in the step (5)3And then washed again.
7. The method for preparing the electrode material of the supercapacitor according to claim 6, wherein the metal hydroxide film obtained in the step (4) is cut into 1 x 0.1cm3Cutting the foam metal current collector obtained in the step (5) into 1 multiplied by 0.2cm3The size of (d); and then, the operation of the step (6) is carried out.
8. The supercapacitor electrode material prepared by the method for preparing the supercapacitor electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the supercapacitor electrode material according to claim 8 in the preparation of a supercapacitor.
CN201910123441.3A 2019-02-18 2019-02-18 Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application Expired - Fee Related CN109830380B (en)

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CN102891008A (en) * 2011-07-21 2013-01-23 北京化工大学 Nickel hydroxide nanosheet thin-film material as well as preparation method and application thereof
JP5527630B2 (en) * 2012-04-23 2014-06-18 国立大学法人 宮崎大学 Nickel hydroxide nanosheet and method for producing the same
CN104752069B (en) * 2013-12-31 2018-10-26 西北大学 A kind of preparation method of metal oxide or metal oxide composite
CN105448527B (en) * 2015-11-24 2018-02-06 青岛能迅新能源科技有限公司 A kind of electrode material for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof
CN106158431A (en) * 2016-09-18 2016-11-23 北京化工大学 A kind of preparation method and application of basic oxide nano-array super capacitor material
CN107452515A (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-12-08 中南大学 A kind of method that electrode of super capacitor is prepared based on nano silver wire
CN106935417A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-07-07 苏州海凌达电子科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method and applications of super capacitor material
CN107522241A (en) * 2017-08-20 2017-12-29 桂林理工大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of nickel cobalt double-metal hydroxide
CN107758750A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-06 郑州比克电池有限公司 A kind of method that hydro-thermal method prepares the nickel hydroxide nano piece of different-shape
CN207503814U (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-06-15 四川省西科六木科技有限公司 One kind coats lithium-ion capacitor without using perforated foil
CN108609599A (en) * 2018-05-30 2018-10-02 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 The preparation method of nickel hydroxide nano piece self assembly nickel phosphates cobalt club shaped structure composite material

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