CN109825855A - Electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution - Google Patents
Electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the three-diemsnional electrodes of iron ion in a kind of electrochemical deposition method removing sulfuric acid solution, are especially the three-dimensional mobile bed electrode of electrocatalysis material by the high metallic particles of overpotential of hydrogen evolution.Using this electrode as cathode, Fe2+Cathodic reduction generates deposition of iron in moving bed surface of metal particles, and the iron of generation is displaced downwardly to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix in the magneticaction of electromagnet, while making it not by sulfuric acid corrosion using the Fe that cathode protection technology protection generates；By electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation removes sulfuric acid solution, electromagnet power supply is closed, the iron deposited is removed with sulfuric acid solution dissolution, is recycled after making three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration.The mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional of the invention has except iron rate is fast, current efficiency is high, is easy to the distinguishing features such as continuous operation, it is easy to implement heavy industrialization, the electrode can be used for separation of metal ions recycling and resource utilization field, be a kind of electrode fabrication for meeting green chemical industry demand for development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-diemsnional electrodes of iron ion in a kind of electrochemical deposition method removing sulfuric acid solution, more particularly to one
Kind is using the high metallic particles of overpotential of hydrogen evolution as the renewable three-dimensional moving bed used as cathode of electrocatalysis material and surface
Electrode (Moving bed electrode) belongs to electrode material preparation, separation of metal ions recycling and application technology as the second resource
Field.
Background technique
1. the importance of deferrization process technology in sulfuric acid solution
Remove the iron ion (Fe in sulfuric acid solution2+Or/and Fe3+) not still acid solution resource utilization, acid solution
Generally existing technical problem during general character problem existing for during deep iron removal decoloration etc. and hydrometallurgical processes.
Especially in the SO of research and development2Oxidation conversion Sulphuric acid and electrochemical reduction hydrogen manufacturing coupling new technology [referring to document: permitted galaxy of literary talent etc.,
A kind of method of desulfurization co-producing hydrogen and sulfuric acid, ZL201610529572.8；Perhaps galaxy of literary talent etc., a kind of SO2The technique of sorption enhanced
Method, 201610523223.5] during industrializing implementation, the Fe in sulfuric acid solution is removed2+It is to realize SO2Oxidation conversion system
The key technical problem that must be solved in sulfuric acid process.Such as Fe is removed according to traditional neutralization method2+Certainly exist consumption alkalinity
Compound and sulfuric acid can also lead to the problem of a large amount of intractable solid waste simultaneously.Therefore, remove sulfuric acid solution in iron from
Son has very important significance and wide application field.
2. electrochemical deposition technique removes iron ion technology in sulfuric acid solution
In order to realize SO2The industrialization of oxidation conversion Sulphuric acid and electrochemical reduction hydrogen manufacturing coupling new technology, this seminar
Electrochemistry is had developed except iron new process is [referring to document: Wang Yaqiong etc., a kind of Fe2+Anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction co-production H2's
Process, ZL 201610529849.7；Perhaps galaxy of literary talent etc., a kind of method of desulfurization co-producing hydrogen and sulfuric acid, ZL
201610529572.8；Perhaps galaxy of literary talent etc., a kind of SO2The process of sorption enhanced, 201610523223.5；Perhaps galaxy of literary talent etc., one
The pairs of electrochemistry of kind prepares Fe3+And H2Process, 201610530057.1], especially have developed in sulfuric acid solution electrochemical
Learn sedimentation removing iron ion technology, the technology be using electronics as reducing agent, neither consume chemical reagent,
By-product is not generated, is a kind of technology of clean and environmental protection.
3. electrochemical deposition technique remove sulfuric acid solution in iron ion there are the problem of
For the remnants for improving the rate of iron ion process in electrochemical deposition technique removing sulfuric acid solution, reducing iron ion
Concentration and the current efficiency for improving process, need to solve following problems:
(1) inhibit the liberation of hydrogen side reaction of cathode: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and its alloy have the characteristics that overpotential of hydrogen evolution is high,
Electrochemical deposition process can be made to go on smoothly in this, as cathode electrocatalyst material.Due to Fe2+It is Fe deposition in cathodic reduction
In cathode surface, carries out process actually on Fe electrode, cause cathode that liberation of hydrogen side reaction mainly occurs, to influence to react
The rate of journey and the efficiency of iron removal.Therefore, cathode surface should be made to constantly update, the working surface for meeting cathode always is
The high metal material of overpotential of hydrogen evolution.
(2) rate and current efficiency of iron removal are improved: being met high except iron rate and electric current under low consistency conditions
Efficiency reaches the requirement of high-efficient deferrization, Ying Caiyong three-diemsnional electrode structure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is remove iron ion process for high efficiency in sulfuric acid solution to provide a kind of structurally reasonable, electrode table
The three-dimensional moving bed electrode fabrication that face is renewable, preparation method is simple, production cost is low, can be real using the three-diemsnional electrode
Electrochemical deposition removes iron ion process in existing sulfuric acid solution, and can improve the rate and current efficiency of process.
Realizing the technical solution of above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of electrochemical deposition method removes the three-dimensional electricity of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution
Pole, especially a kind of metallic particles high using overpotential of hydrogen evolution is the renewable three-dimensional moving bed electricity of electrocatalysis material and surface
Pole, it is characterised in that:
(1) it cathode: is made of the mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional, corrosion-resistant electrode matrix and electromagnet three parts；
(2) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode: using the high metallic particles of overpotential of hydrogen evolution as electrocatalysis material, in metal/electrolyte
Interface, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs and generates Fe, is deposited on electrode surface；
(3) corrosion-resistant electrode matrix: corrosion-resistant electrode matrix is the protective layer of electromagnet surfaces, and effect is to prevent electromagnetism
Body corrodes under cathode conditions, while the conductive channel as cathode；
(4) electromagnet: the wound around coil outside iron core leads to direct current and generates magnetic field, will be deposited on three-dimensional movement by magnetic force
The Fe of bed surface of metal particles is drawn to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, and magnetic after power-off to disappear, Fe is detached from corrosion-resistant electrode matrix；
(5) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode is except iron operation: using above-mentioned three-dimensional mobile bed electrode as cathode, passing through electrochemical deposition
Method removes iron ion, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs in surface of metal particles and generates Fe, the magnetic force of the Fe of generation in electromagnet
Effect is displaced downwardly to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix surface, while the Fe particle generated using negative protection technique protection, makes it not by sulfuric acid
Corrosion；
(6) three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration: by previous step by electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation
Sulfuric acid solution is removed, electromagnet power supply is closed, the iron particle deposited is removed with sulfuric acid solution dissolution, to realize three-dimensional movement
The regeneration of bed electrode, uses electrode cycle.
Further, the high metal of the second step overpotential of hydrogen evolution is lead, cadmium and its alloy, and the equivalent of metallic particles is straight
Diameter between 0.1mm~2.0mm, thickness of bed layer between 10.0mm~50.0mm,.
Further, the third step corrosion-resistant electrode matrix is any one of lead, cadmium and its alloy, corrosion-resistant electrode
The thickness of matrix is between 1.0mm~10.0mm.
Further, electromagnet described in the 4th step is the wound around coil outside the iron core of electromagnet, is passed through direct current and generates magnetic field,
It is magnetic after power-off to disappear.
Principle and feature by adopting the above technical scheme:
(1) lead, cadmium and its alloy have the characteristics that overpotential of hydrogen evolution is high as cathode electrocatalyst material, with such material work
For cathode electrocatalyst material, Fe in sulfuric acid solution can be effectively removed2+, the rate of liberation of hydrogen side reaction is reduced, removing iron ion is improved
The rate and current efficiency of process realize effective removing of iron ion.
(2) three-diemsnional electrode is constituted by electrocatalysis material of metallic particles, has the characteristics that large specific surface area, especially suitable for
Low concentration system.Using the high metallic particle bed three-diemsnional electrode of overpotential of hydrogen evolution, not only have large specific surface area, mass transfer rate high
The characteristics of, and the rate of liberation of hydrogen side reaction can be reduced, even if in Fe2+Concentration it is very low under conditions of, it may have it is higher macro
See reaction rate and de-ironing efficiency.
(3) the characteristics of being reacted using mobile bed electrode continuous electrochemical easy to accomplish.It is continuous at the top of electrochemical reactor
Graininess or blocks of solid is added as electrode, with the progress of reaction, electrode particle is gradually moved down, and is finally continuously unloaded from bottom
Out, fluid is carried out continuously reaction then from bottom to top (or from top to bottom) by solid bed.
(4) under the conditions of cathodic protection, the iron being deposited on the high metallic particles of overpotential of hydrogen evolution and sulfuric acid can be prevented molten
Liquid occurs chemical reaction and is redissolved and enters in solution, realizes the separation of the iron and sulfuric acid solution of deposition.
(5), except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation removes sulfuric acid solution, electromagnet electricity will be closed by electrochemical deposition
Source removes the iron particle deposited with sulfuric acid solution dissolution, and the regeneration of three-dimensional mobile bed electrode can be realized, make electrode cycle
With.
(6) it can use, react directly as anolyte after sulfuric acid solution is separated with the iron particle that electrodeposit reaction generates
The H that journey generates2Resourcebility utilizes after collection.
(7) moving direction of catholyte flow direction and moving bed three-diemsnional electrode metallic particles is conducive at counter-current operation
The progress of iron removal.Since under the conditions of counter-current operation, Fe containing high concentration2+Catholyte first with surface cover metal iron
High metallic particles contact can carry out operating except iron；Fe containing low concentration2+Catholyte first with surface covering metal iron it is low
Metallic particles contact, can carry out deep iron removal operation, meet Fe in removing sulfuric acid solution2+Requirement.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
(1) using the high metal of overpotential of hydrogen evolution as cathode electrocatalyst material, Fe in sulfuric acid solution can effectively be removed2+,
The rate of liberation of hydrogen side reaction is reduced, the rate and current efficiency of removing iron ion process is improved, realizes effective removing of iron ion.
(2) using three-dimensional mobile bed electrode, in metal/electrolyte interface Fe2+It is heavy that electrochemical reducting reaction generation Fe occurs
Product is in three-dimensional moving bed electrode surface, and being deposited on the iron in surface of metal particles can remove in time, realizes cathode material
Regeneration.Mobile bed electrode is a kind of electrode of continuous electrochemical reaction easy to accomplish, is continuously added to particle in reactor head
Shape or blocks of solid are electrode and/or reactant, and with the progress of reaction, solid material is gradually moved down, finally continuous from bottom
It drawing off, realizes the post-processing of electrode regeneration and/or reactant, fluid then passes through solid bed from bottom to top (or from top to bottom),
To carry out successive reaction.Due to there is no relative motion between solid particle, but there is the lower shifting movement of solid particle layer,
Therefore, it can also be regarded as a kind of fixed bed electrochemical reactor of movement.With fixed bed electrochemical reactor and fluidized bed
Electrochemical reactor is compared, and the residence time of solid and fluid can change in a big way in moving bed electrochemical reactor
Become, back-mixing is smaller (close with fixed bed electrochemical reactor).Mobile bed electrode per unit electrode volume has high electroactive
(specific surface area can reach 10 to the transmission characteristic of area and medium high quality3~106m2/m3, the operation electric current under the same terms can
More than 100~1000 times of same volume two-dimensional electrode).Mobile bed electrode has large specific surface area, bed compared with bidimensional electrode
The advantages that layer close structure, unit volume inner transmission matter rate are high and are easily achieved continuous operation, the electrochemistry which is constituted is anti-
Answer device especially suitable for reacting the reaction system that intrinsic kinetics rate is small or Limited diffusion current density is small.
(3) electrode regeneration process is simple and easy, and process is generated without waste.When the iron deposited on cathode reaches certain quantity
Afterwards, it in order to meet the normal use of cathode requires that the iron being deposited on cathode must be removed to the regeneration to realize electrode, it can also
The electrode material for being deposited with iron is directly obtained H with sulfuric acid reaction2And Fe2+, this contains Fe2+Aqueous sulfuric acid through electrochemistry
It aoxidizes renewable for Fe3+, realization recycles.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is three-diemsnional electrode structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment one
As shown in the picture, a kind of electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution, especially a kind of
The metallic particles high using overpotential of hydrogen evolution is the renewable three-dimensional moving bed electricity used as cathode of electrocatalysis material and surface
Pole, its feature is as follows:
(1) it cathode: is made of the mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional, corrosion-resistant electrode matrix and electromagnet three parts；
(2) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode: taking lead particle as the working electrode of three-dimensional mobile bed electrode, the equivalent diameter of lead particle
For 0.1mm, thickness of bed layer 10.0mm, in lead/electrolyte interface, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs and generates Fe, is deposited on lead
Particle surface；
(3) corrosion-resistant electrode matrix: electromagnet surfaces are prevented using lead as corrosion-resistant electrode matrix with a thickness of 1.0mm
Iron is corroded in cathode conditions, while the conductive input channel as cathode；
(4) electromagnet: the wound around coil outside iron core leads to direct current and generates magnetic field, will be deposited on three-dimensional movement by magnetic force
The Fe of bed lead particle surface is drawn to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, and magnetic after power-off to disappear, Fe is detached from corrosion-resistant electrode matrix；
(5) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode is except iron operation: using above-mentioned three-dimensional mobile bed electrode as cathode, carrying out electrochemical deposition and removes
Iron operation, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction generation Fe occurs in lead particle surface to be deposited on lead particle, is covered with the lead particle of Fe
It is displaced downwardly to electromagnet surfaces, while the Fe generated using negative protection technique protection in magneticaction, makes it not by sulfuric acid corrosion；
(6) three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration: by previous step by electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation
Sulfuric acid solution is removed, the iron for removing lead surface is dissolved with 0.1mol/L sulfuric acid solution, is stripped of the lead particle of electro-deposition product iron
It is used as three-dimensional moving bed electrode cycle.
Embodiment two
As shown in the picture, a kind of electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution, especially a kind of
The metallic particles high using overpotential of hydrogen evolution is the renewable three-dimensional moving bed electricity used as cathode of electrocatalysis material and surface
Pole, its feature is as follows:
(1) it cathode: is made of the mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional, corrosion-resistant electrode matrix and electromagnet three parts；
(2) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode: taking the high Pb-Cd alloying pellet of overpotential of hydrogen evolution as the work of three-dimensional mobile bed electrode
The equivalent diameter of electrode, alloying pellet is 1.0mm, thickness of bed layer 20.0mm, in Pb-Cd alloy/electrolyte interface, Fe2+Hair
Raw electrochemical reducting reaction generates Fe, is deposited on metal alloy particle surface；
(3) corrosion-resistant electrode matrix: electromagnet surfaces metal Pb-Cd alloy as corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, with a thickness of
5.0mm makes iron prevent from corroding under cathode conditions, while the conductive input channel as cathode；
(4) electromagnet: the wound around coil outside iron core leads to direct current and generates magnetic field, will be deposited on three-dimensional movement by magnetic force
The Fe on bed metal alloy particle surface is drawn to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, and magnetic after power-off to disappear, Fe is detached from corrosion-resistant electrode matrix；
(5) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode is except iron operation: using above-mentioned three-dimensional mobile bed electrode as cathode, carrying out electrochemical deposition and removes
Iron operation, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction generation Fe occurs on Pb-Cd alloying pellet surface to be deposited on alloying pellet, is covered with
The alloying pellet of Fe is displaced downwardly to electromagnet surfaces, while the Fe generated using negative protection technique protection in magneticaction, makes it not
By sulfuric acid corrosion；
(6) three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration: by previous step by electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation
Sulfuric acid solution is removed, the iron for removing Pb-Cd alloy surface is dissolved with 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, removes the alloying pellet conduct of iron
Moving bed electrode cycle uses.
Embodiment three
As shown in the picture, a kind of electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution, especially a kind of
The metallic particles high using overpotential of hydrogen evolution is the renewable three-dimensional moving bed electricity used as cathode of electrocatalysis material and surface
Pole, its feature is as follows:
(1) it cathode: is made of the mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional, corrosion-resistant electrode matrix and electromagnet three parts；
(2) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode: taking cadmium particle as the working electrode of three-dimensional mobile bed electrode, the equivalent diameter of cadmium particle
For 2.0mm, thickness of bed layer 50.0mm, in cadmium/electrolyte interface, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs and generates Fe, is deposited on cadmium
Particle surface；
(3) corrosion-resistant electrode matrix: electromagnet surfaces cadmium metal makes as corrosion-resistant electrode matrix with a thickness of 10.0mm
Iron prevents from corroding under cathode conditions, while the conductive input channel as cathode；
(4) electromagnet: the wound around coil outside iron core leads to direct current and generates magnetic field, will be deposited on three-dimensional movement by magnetic force
The Fe of bed cadmium particle surface is drawn to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, and magnetic after power-off to disappear, Fe is detached from corrosion-resistant electrode matrix；
(5) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode is except iron operation: using above-mentioned three-dimensional mobile bed electrode as cathode, carrying out electrochemical deposition and removes
Iron operation, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction generation Fe occurs in cadmium particle surface to be deposited on cadmium particle, is covered with the cadmium particle of Fe
It is displaced downwardly to electromagnet surfaces, while the Fe generated using negative protection technique protection in magneticaction, makes it not by sulfuric acid corrosion；
(6) three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration: by previous step by electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation
Sulfuric acid solution is removed, the iron for removing cadmium surfaces is dissolved with 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution, removes the cadmium particle of iron as moving bed electricity
Pole is recycled.
Except the various embodiments described above, embodiment of the present invention is all using equivalent or equivalence replacement technical side there are also very much
Case, it is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in a kind of electrochemical deposition method removing sulfuric acid solution, especially one kind is with overpotential of hydrogen evolution height
Metallic particles be the renewable mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional used as cathode of electrocatalysis material and surface, it is characterised in that:
(1) it cathode: is made of the mobile bed electrode of three-dimensional, corrosion-resistant electrode matrix and electromagnet three parts；
(2) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode: using the high metallic particles of overpotential of hydrogen evolution as electrocatalysis material, in metal/electrolyte interface,
Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs and generates Fe, is deposited on electrode surface；
(3) corrosion-resistant electrode matrix: corrosion-resistant electrode matrix is the protective layer of electromagnet surfaces, and effect is to prevent electromagnet from existing
Corrode under cathode conditions, while the conductive channel as cathode；
(4) electromagnet: the wound around coil outside iron core leads to direct current and generates magnetic field, will be deposited on three-dimensional moving bed gold by magnetic force
The Fe on metal particles surface is drawn to corrosion-resistant electrode matrix, and magnetic after power-off to disappear, Fe is detached from corrosion-resistant electrode matrix；
(5) three-dimensional mobile bed electrode is except iron operation: using above-mentioned three-dimensional mobile bed electrode as cathode, carrying out electrochemical deposition except iron is grasped
Make, Fe2+Electrochemical reducting reaction occurs in surface of metal particles and generates Fe, the Fe of generation is displaced downwardly in the magneticaction of electromagnet
Electromagnet surfaces, while the Fe particle generated using cathode protection technology protection, make it not by sulfuric acid corrosion；
(6) three-dimensional moving bed electrode regeneration: by previous step by electrochemical deposition except the mobile bed electrode of the three-dimensional of iron operation removes
Sulfuric acid solution closes electromagnet power supply, removes the iron particle deposited with sulfuric acid solution dissolution, to realize three-dimensional moving bed electricity
The regeneration of pole, uses electrode cycle.
2. the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion, feature exist in electrochemical deposition method removing sulfuric acid solution according to claim 1
In: the high metal of the second step overpotential of hydrogen evolution be lead, cadmium and its alloy, the equivalent diameter of metallic particles 0.1mm~
Between 2.0mm, thickness of bed layer is between 10.0mm~50.0mm.
3. the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion, feature exist in electrochemical deposition method removing sulfuric acid solution according to claim 1
In: the third step corrosion-resistant electrode matrix is any one of lead, cadmium and its alloy, and the thickness of corrosion-resistant electrode matrix exists
Between 1.0mm~10.0mm.
4. electrochemical deposition method removes the three-diemsnional electrode of iron ion in sulfuric acid solution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Electromagnet described in 4th step is the wound around coil outside the iron core of electromagnet, is passed through direct current and generates magnetic field, magnetic after power-off to disappear.
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