CN109825795B - Preparation method of wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of steel workpiece - Google Patents
Preparation method of wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of steel workpiece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for preparing a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of a steel workpiece takes a steel-containing workpiece as a raw material and sequentially comprises the steps of pretreatment, plasma spraying, electric spark deposition, grinding and the like. The invention is suitable for preparing a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating with larger thickness on the surface of a steel workpiece, the coating has good uniformity, high binding force, excellent wear resistance, 10 times of thermal shock tests, no defects of separation, cracks, bubbles, breakage and the like of the coating, excellent heat insulation, and the loss of the quality of the coating before and after ablation is only 0.001 g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surfaces, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of a steel workpiece.
Background
The Mo has high melting point and good toughness, and the Mo coating is prepared on the surface of the steel part, so that the steel part has excellent heat insulation and high-temperature ablation resistance. The current application of the plasma spraying Mo coating is still limited, cracks or gaps are easy to appear in the spraying process, and the performance of the coating is obviously influenced by the spraying parameters.
The electric spark deposition technology is a strengthening method for transferring an electrode material to the surface of a workpiece to form a layer of high-quality functional protective coating, and the electrode material and a workpiece base material are metallurgically bonded and can achieve mutual diffusion at an atomic level. The WC coating deposited on the surface of the steel workpiece by the electric spark has the characteristics of small heat affected zone, no deformation of the workpiece, high metallurgical bonding strength of the WC coating and a matrix, low temperature rise of the workpiece, no influence on the mechanical property of a base material and the like. However, the coating thickness obtained by the single electric spark deposition WC coating technology is small, and the coating function is single.
The wear-resistant heat-insulation composite coating is prepared by combining the plasma spraying technology and the electric spark deposition technology, so that the advantages of the two technologies are complementary, the high-temperature heat-insulation use requirement of a steel workpiece can be met, the WC brittleness can be reduced, and the wear resistance of the steel part is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems of wear resistance and heat insulation of a steel workpiece under high-temperature working conditions and provides a preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulation composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of a steel workpiece is characterized in that the steel-containing workpiece is taken as a raw material, and the preparation method sequentially comprises the steps of pretreatment, plasma spraying, electric spark deposition, polishing and the like.
Further, the pretreatment is to carry out oil removal, rust removal and surface activation treatment on the surface of the steel workpiece; the oil removal is carried out by cleaning with an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one of gasoline, kerosene and ethanol; the rust removal and surface activation treatment are realized through a sand blasting process, wherein the material of the sand blasting process is brown corundum, the particle size is 60-100 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8 MPa.
Further, the Mo coating is sprayed on the surface of the steel workpiece by the plasma spraying, and the thickness of the coating is 200-1900 mu m.
In order to further improve the wear-resisting and heat-insulating properties of the composite coating, the plasma spraying voltage is set to be 75-80V, the current is set to be 460-500A, the spraying distance is set to be 100-120 mm, the argon pressure is set to be 0.7-0.9 MPa, the argon flow is set to be 50-80L/h, the hydrogen pressure is set to be 0.4-0.6 MPa, and the hydrogen flow is set to be 10-15L/h.
In order to enable the wear resistance of the composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece to be better, the electrospark deposition is to remelt the surface of the sprayed Mo coating on the steel workpiece after plasma spraying by adopting an electrospark deposition technology, simultaneously increase the total thickness of the coating and obtain a composite coating structure combining high-melting-point Mo and high-hardness WC, wherein the electrospark deposition process is that the specific deposition time is 1-2 min/cm2The deposition power is 1000-1500W, the deposition voltage is 80-100V, and the frequency is 375-700 Hz; during the preparation process of the electric spark deposition WC coating, argon or nitrogen is adopted for protection, and the flow of protective gas is controlled to be 3-5L/min; when the WC coating is deposited by electric spark, connecting a WC electrode with the anode of a pulse power supply, connecting a steel workpiece with the cathode of the pulse power supply, starting the pulse power supply, coating the WC material on the surface of the steel workpiece, and controlling the thickness to be 50-100 mu m.
Further, the WC electrode is formed by adopting a WC bar stock with the diameter of 3.2mm according to the clamping requirement of the electric spark deposition equipment.
Further, the grinding is to grind the WC coating by adopting a grinding process, the surface roughness of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating is required to reach more than Ra1.6, the grinding process is to grind by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 17000 r/min, the feeding speed is 3-5 mm/min, and the grinding is carried out for 3-5 times.
Further, the preparation method of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece is characterized in that the total thickness of the prepared composite coating needs to be controlled to be 300-2000 mu m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is suitable for preparing a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating with larger thickness on the surface of a steel workpiece, the coating has good uniformity, high binding force, excellent wear resistance, 10 times of thermal shock tests, no defects of separation, cracks, bubbles, breakage and the like of the coating, excellent heat insulation, and the loss of the quality of the coating before and after ablation is only 0.001 g.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the surface micro-topography of the wear-resistant thermal-insulation composite coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the micro-morphology of the cross-section of the wear-resistant thermal-insulation composite coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-described disclosure.
Example one
A preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of a steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment: degreasing the surface of a steel-containing workpiece by using ethanol, and then carrying out a sand blasting process, wherein the material of the sand blasting process is brown corundum, the particle size is 80 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is controlled at 0.7 MPa.
2. Plasma spraying: spraying a Mo coating on the surface of the steel workpiece by using plasma spraying of the pretreated steel workpiece, wherein the coating thickness is 1300 +/-mu m, the plasma spraying voltage is set to be 78V, the current is set to be 480A, the spraying distance is set to be 110mm, the argon pressure is set to be 0.8MPa, the argon flow is set to be 70L/h, the hydrogen pressure is set to be 0.5MPa, and the hydrogen flow is set to be 13L/h.
3. Electric spark deposition: and carrying out electric spark deposition on the steel workpiece after plasma spraying to obtain a WC coating structure with the combination of high-melting-point Mo and high-hardness WC, connecting a WC electrode with the anode of a pulse power supply, connecting the steel workpiece with the cathode of the pulse power supply, starting the pulse power supply, coating the WC material on the surface of the steel workpiece, and controlling the thickness of WC to be 80 microns. The WC electrode is a WC bar with the diameter of 3.2mm according to the clamping requirements of electric spark deposition equipment, and the specific deposition time of electric spark deposition is 2min/cm2Deposition power 1300W, deposition voltage 90V, frequency 500 Hz; during the preparation process of the electric spark deposition WC coating, argon or nitrogen is adopted for protection, and the flow of protective gas is controlled at 4L/min.
4. Polishing: and grinding the WC coating deposited by the electric spark by adopting a grinding process, wherein the surface roughness of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating is required to be more than Ra1.6, and the total thickness of the composite coating after grinding is about 1370 mu m, wherein the grinding process is to grind by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 17000 r/min, the feeding speed is 4mm/min, and the grinding is carried out for 4 times.
Experiment 1: and (3) earthquake resistance test:
the steel workpiece wear-resistant heat-insulation composite coating prepared in the example 1 is taken for a shock resistance test, and the test results are shown in the following table:
table 1 thermal shock test for testing the bonding force of composite coatings
As can be seen from the above table, the product has excellent anti-seismic performance.
Experiment 2: and (3) testing ablation resistance:
the abrasion-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of the steel workpiece prepared in the example 1 is used for carrying out an anti-ablation performance test, and the experimental results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 plasma flame simulated ablation test for testing the ablation resistance of composite coatings
As a result: the experimental result shows that the invention has excellent ablation resistance and excellent heat insulation performance.
Example two
A preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of a steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment: deoiling the surface of a steel-containing workpiece by using gasoline, and then carrying out a sand blasting process, wherein the material of the sand blasting process is brown corundum, the particle size is 60 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is controlled at 0.6 MPa.
2. Plasma spraying: spraying a Mo coating on the surface of the steel workpiece by using plasma spraying of the pretreated steel workpiece, wherein the coating thickness is 200 mu m, the plasma spraying voltage is set to be 75V, the current is set to be 460A, the spraying distance is set to be 100mm, the argon pressure is set to be 0.7MPa, the argon flow is set to be 50L/h, the hydrogen pressure is set to be 0.4MPa, and the hydrogen flow is set to be 10L/h.
3. Electric spark deposition: and carrying out electric spark deposition on the steel workpiece after plasma spraying to obtain a WC coating structure with the combination of high-melting-point Mo and high-hardness WC, connecting a WC electrode with the anode of a pulse power supply, connecting the steel workpiece with the cathode of the pulse power supply, starting the pulse power supply, coating the WC material on the surface of the steel workpiece, and controlling the thickness of WC to be 100 mu m. The WC electrode is a WC bar with the diameter of 3.2mm according to the clamping requirements of electric spark deposition equipment, and the specific deposition time of electric spark deposition is 1min/cm2Deposition power is 1000W, deposition voltage is 80V, and frequency is 375 Hz; during the preparation process of the electric spark deposition WC coating, argon or nitrogen is adopted for protection, and the flow of protective gas is controlled at 3L/min.
4. Polishing: and (3) polishing the WC coating deposited by the electric spark by adopting a grinding process, wherein the surface roughness of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating is required to reach more than Ra1.6, and the total thickness of the composite coating after polishing needs to be controlled to be about 290 mu m. The grinding process is to grind by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, wherein the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 17000 r/min, the feeding speed is 5mm/min, and the grinding is carried out for 3 times.
The test method of example 1 is used to respectively perform the shock resistance test and the ablation resistance test, and the test result shows that the product has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance.
EXAMPLE III
A preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating of a steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment: the surface of a steel-containing workpiece is deoiled by kerosene, and then a sand blasting process is carried out, wherein the material of the sand blasting process is brown corundum, the particle size is 100 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is controlled at 0.8 MPa.
2. Plasma spraying: spraying Mo coating on the surface of the steel workpiece by using plasma spraying to the pretreated steel workpiece, wherein the coating thickness is 1900 mu m, the plasma spraying voltage is set to 80V, the current is set to 500A, the spraying distance is set to 120mm, the argon pressure is set to 0.9MPa, the argon flow is set to 80L/h, the hydrogen pressure is set to 0.4MPa, and the hydrogen flow is set to 10L/h.
3. Electric spark deposition: and carrying out electric spark deposition on the steel workpiece after plasma spraying to obtain a WC coating structure with the combination of high-melting-point Mo and high-hardness WC, connecting a WC electrode with the anode of a pulse power supply, connecting the steel workpiece with the cathode of the pulse power supply, starting the pulse power supply, coating the WC material on the surface of the steel workpiece, and controlling the thickness of WC to be 50 microns. The WC electrode is a WC bar with the diameter of 3.2mm according to the clamping requirements of electric spark deposition equipment, and the specific deposition time of electric spark deposition is 2min/cm2The deposition power is 1000W, the deposition voltage is 100V, and the frequency is 700 Hz; during the preparation process of the electric spark deposition WC coating, argon or nitrogen is adopted for protection, and the flow of protective gas is controlled at 5L/min.
4. Polishing: and (3) polishing the WC coating deposited by the electric spark by adopting a grinding process, wherein the surface roughness of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating is required to reach more than Ra1.6, and the total thickness of the composite coating after polishing needs to be controlled to be about 1940 mu m. The grinding process is to grind by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, wherein the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 17000 r/min, the feeding speed is 3mm/min, and the grinding is carried out for 5 times.
The test method of example 1 is used to respectively perform the shock resistance test and the ablation resistance test, and the test result shows that the product has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of a steel workpiece is characterized in that the steel-containing workpiece is taken as a raw material, and the preparation method sequentially comprises the steps of pretreatment, plasma spraying, electric spark deposition and polishing;
the Mo coating is sprayed on the surface of the steel workpiece by plasma spraying, and the thickness of the coating is 200-1900 mu m;
setting the plasma spraying voltage to be 75-80V, setting the current to be 460-500A, setting the spraying distance to be 100-120 mm, setting the argon pressure to be 0.7-0.9 MPa, setting the argon flow to be 50-80L/h, setting the hydrogen pressure to be 0.4-0.6 MPa, and setting the hydrogen flow to be 10-15L/h;
the electrospark deposition is to remelt the surface of the sprayed Mo coating of the steel workpiece after plasma spraying by adopting an electrospark deposition technology, simultaneously increase the total thickness of the coating and obtain a composite coating structure combining high-melting-point Mo and high-hardness WC, wherein the electrospark deposition technology is that the specific deposition time is 1-2 min/cm2The deposition power is 1000-1500W, the deposition voltage is 80-100V, and the frequency is 375-700 Hz; during the preparation process of the electric spark deposition WC coating, argon or nitrogen is adopted for protection, and the flow of protective gas is controlled to be 3-5L/min; when the WC coating is deposited by electric spark, connecting a WC electrode with the anode of a pulse power supply, connecting a steel workpiece with the cathode of the pulse power supply, starting the pulse power supply, coating the WC material on the surface of the steel workpiece, and controlling the thickness to be 50-100 mu m.
2. The method for preparing the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment comprises degreasing, derusting and surface activating treatment on the surface of the steel workpiece; the oil removal is carried out by cleaning with an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one of gasoline, kerosene and ethanol; the rust removal and surface activation treatment are realized through a sand blasting process, wherein the material of the sand blasting process is brown corundum, the particle size is 60-100 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8 MPa.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece according to claim 2, wherein the WC electrode is a WC bar with the diameter of 3.2mm according to the clamping requirements of an electric spark deposition device.
4. The preparation method of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece according to claim 3, wherein the grinding is carried out on the WC coating by adopting a grinding process, the surface roughness of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating is required to be more than Ra1.6, the grinding process is carried out by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 17000 r/min, the feeding speed is 3-5 mm/min, and the grinding is carried out for 3-5 times.
5. The preparation method of the wear-resistant heat-insulating composite coating on the surface of the steel workpiece as claimed in claim 4, wherein the total thickness of the prepared composite coating needs to be controlled within 300-2000 μm.
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