CN109819254B - Lossy image compression transmission method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lossy image compression transmission method and a lossy image compression transmission system, wherein the coding process comprises the following steps: s1, the colors in the conforming range are classified into one color; s2, marking the first frame as an I frame, acquiring a color type value, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; s3, calculating a difference value, marking the next frame as an I frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value, otherwise, marking the next frame as an F frame; s5, analyzing I, F frames to obtain color distribution information to establish a color list, if the color list is larger than a threshold value, executing S6, otherwise, executing S7; s6, reducing color types and re-executing S1; and S7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information and outputting. The system is used for executing the method. The invention reduces the forming difficulty of the color list by distinguishing the types of the frames, improves the loss rate of compression by the limitation of the color list, reduces the data transmission difficulty, can reasonably complete the compression of the image and reduce the data transmission difficulty according to the requirement, and is favorable for being used in an internet of things system with lower processing capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a lossy image compression transmission method and system.
Background
With the rise of the internet of things, intelligent hardware brings convenience to life of people, and due to the consideration of cost, many intelligent hardware use an RTOS real-time operating system, and the intelligent hardware is characterized by less memory, weaker CPU computing capability, lower communication speed and less storage space, but some pictures, animations or real-time images need to be transmitted due to some application scenes. If the naked image data transmission is directly used, relatively large pressure is caused to the transmission bandwidth, and the requirements on a system memory and a CPU are relatively high by using the conventional compression algorithms related to JP G, PNG and GIF. The actual requirements cannot be well met.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lossy image compression transmission method and system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a lossy image compression and transmission method, including an encoding process and a decoding process, where the encoding process includes the steps of: s1, acquiring a transmission request, and summarizing the colors in the image which accord with a certain hue range into a corresponding color; s2, marking a first frame image of the image to be compressed as an I frame image, acquiring a color type value of the I frame image, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; s3, sequentially calculating the difference value of the color type value between each subsequent frame of image and the previous I frame of image, and marking the next frame of image as an I frame of image and marking the non-I frame of image as an F frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value; s4, repeating the step S3 until all the images are marked; s5, analyzing I, F frame images to obtain color distribution information, establishing a color list for describing color types according to I, F frame colors, executing a step S6 when the specification of the color list is larger than a limit threshold, otherwise executing a step S7; s6, increasing the hue range in step S1 to reduce the color types and re-executing step S1; s7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information of the image, and outputting the compression coding, wherein the compression coding comprises a mark bit for describing the mark type, a frame length bit for describing the coding length, a time bit for describing the transmission interval, a color attribute bit for describing the color value, a color list and a pixel bit for describing the pixel position corresponding to the color.
Preferably, the decoding process includes the steps of: s01, acquiring a decoding request and a compressed code of at least one frame of image, and analyzing the compressed code according to a preset decoding rule; s02, when the image corresponding to the compression coding belongs to I frame, executing step S03, otherwise executing step S04; s03, establishing or updating a color index table according to the color list, and executing the step S05; s04, updating the color index table according to the color list; and S05, searching and obtaining the color information of the pixels of the image according to the pixel bits and the color index table.
Preferably, the step of classifying the colors in the image that meet a certain hue range into a corresponding color specifically includes: setting a lossy compression coefficient N, wherein the corresponding hue range is x-N < R < x + N, y-N < G < y + N, and z-N < B < z + N; wherein x, y and z are corresponding RGB luminance values. 4. The lossy image compression transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the encoding process further comprises step S8 of obtaining customer feedback and updating the limiting threshold.
Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes: parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information, creating or updating a basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the I-frame, parsing the F-frame image to obtain color distribution information, parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information according to F, updating the basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the F-frame to obtain a color list, performing step S6 when a specification of the color list is greater than a limit threshold, otherwise performing step S7.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lossy image compression transmission system, including an encoding end and a decoding end, wherein the encoding end is configured to perform the steps of: s1, acquiring a transmission request, and summarizing the colors in the image which accord with a certain hue range into a corresponding color; s2, marking a first frame image of the image to be compressed as an I frame image, acquiring a color type value of the I frame image, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; s3, sequentially calculating the difference value of the color type value between each subsequent frame of image and the previous I frame of image, and marking the next frame of image as an I frame of image and marking the non-I frame of image as an F frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value; s4, repeating the step S3 until all the images are marked; s5, analyzing I, F frame images to obtain color distribution information, establishing a color list for describing color types according to I, F frame colors, executing a step S6 when the specification of the color list is larger than a limit threshold, otherwise executing a step S7; s6, increasing the hue range in step S1 to reduce the color types and re-executing step S1; s7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information of the image, and outputting the compression coding, wherein the compression coding comprises a mark bit for describing the mark type, a frame length bit for describing the coding length, a time bit for describing the transmission interval, a color attribute bit for describing the color value, a color list and a pixel bit for describing the pixel position corresponding to the color.
Preferably, the decoding end is configured to perform the steps of: s01, acquiring a decoding request and a compressed code of at least one frame of image, and analyzing the compressed code according to a preset decoding rule; s02, when the image corresponding to the compression coding belongs to I frame, executing step S03, otherwise executing step S04; s03, establishing or updating a color index table according to the color list, and executing the step S05; s04, updating the color index table according to the color list; and S05, searching and obtaining the color information of the pixels of the image according to the pixel bits and the color index table.
Preferably, the encoding end is configured to execute step S8: client feedback is obtained and the limit threshold is updated.
Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes: parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information, creating or updating a basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the I-frame, parsing the F-frame image to obtain color distribution information, parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information according to F, updating the basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the F-frame to obtain a color list, performing step S6 when a specification of the color list is greater than a limit threshold, otherwise performing step S7.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention reduces the forming difficulty of the color list by distinguishing the types of the frames, improves the loss rate of compression by the limitation of the color list, reduces the data transmission difficulty, can reasonably complete the compression of the image and reduce the data transmission difficulty according to the requirement, and is favorable for being used in an internet of things system with lower processing capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the encoding flow of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the decoding flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides an encoding flow as shown in fig. 1: s1, acquiring a transmission request, and summarizing the colors in the image which accord with a certain hue range into a corresponding color; s2, marking a first frame image of the image to be compressed as an I frame image, acquiring a color type value of the I frame image, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; s3, sequentially calculating the difference value of the color type value between each subsequent frame of image and the previous I frame of image, and marking the next frame of image as an I frame of image and marking the non-I frame of image as an F frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value; s4, repeating the step S3 until all the images are marked; s5, analyzing I, F frame images to obtain color distribution information, establishing a color list for describing color types according to I, F frame colors, executing a step S6 when the specification of the color list is larger than a limit threshold, otherwise executing a step S7; s6, increasing the hue range in step S1 to reduce the color types and re-executing step S1; s7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information of the image, and outputting the compression coding, wherein the compression coding comprises a mark bit for describing the mark type, a frame length bit for describing the coding length, a time bit for describing the transmission interval, a color attribute bit for describing the color value, a color list and a pixel bit for describing the pixel position corresponding to the color.
To consider increasing the compression rate of consecutive encodings, the concept of I, F frames is introduced with reference to the mpeg format; the I frame is a key frame, has no dependency relationship with the previous frame, has an independent color table, and can independently complete decoding; the F frame shares the color table of the first previous I frame, and the coded image is I, F … F, I, F, …, F, I, F …, F; the embodiment specifically considers that the supported image size is 16 × 16, that is, the image has only 256 points, and the maximum number of colors per frame is 256.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1: creating a coding handle, and clearing members of all data structure bodies to finish initialization;
2: waiting for a coding request of a user, and executing the next step if the coding request exists;
3: firstly, setting a lossy compression coefficient N as 1, and storing the size (based on the processing capacity of a system of a user) max _ encode _ size after the maximum output coding expected by the user; (step S1 in step 2-3, the lossy coding is to identify the colors in a certain range of regions as the same color, for example, the current RGB color is (x, y, z), the lossy coding coefficient is N, the point in this interval is considered as the same color x-N < R < x + N, y-N < G < y + N, z-N < B < z + N; the lossy coding coefficient N is dynamically adjusted to use the compression ratio of the guaranteed algorithm).
4: counting different color types of the image of the current frame by using a lossy compression coefficient, then calling the different color types of the image of the current frame as current frame color numbers, summarizing the newly added color types of the image of the current frame (relative to the I frame), and then calling the newly added color numbers of the current frame; (i.e., steps S2/S3/S4)
5: judging whether the current frame is an I frame or not according to the current information and the handle information, if so, jumping to the step 6, otherwise, jumping to the step 7;
6: filling color information of the current frame to form a reference color table (i.e. a basic color list); jumping to the step 8; (i.e., step S2)
7: adding the newly added color information of the current frame into a reference color table (namely, updating a color list), and recording the number of the newly added colors (namely, a difference value) of the current frame; (i.e., step S5, the specific principle includes that the first frame to be encoded is an I-frame, the first frame after the creation of the encoding handle is the first frame; when the number of colors of the image of the new frame (i.e., the next frame) relatively increased exceeds the number of colors (i.e., the base color value) of the previous associated I-frame, the new frame will be encoded as an I-frame; when the colors of the new frame are increased, the total number of colors exceeds 256, the new frame will be encoded as an I-frame).
8: calculating to obtain the current frame image point information index length, and then calculating the length of the color table through the newly added color number of the current frame, thereby obtaining the total data length of the current frame, wherein the specific frame data structure comprises a coding identifier + a coding length (two bytes) + a time interval (two bytes) + a coding type (one byte) + a color number + color information + image point information index, and the coding identifier (used for explaining the type of data, belonging to the basic configuration): 0XAA, one byte, encoding length (frame length bit): the length of the whole frame, which is two bytes, does not include the identifier, and includes the length of the frame itself, the interval time (i.e. bit): two bytes, encoding type (i.e., flag bit): 0 is an I frame, and 1 is an F frame; will occupy one byte; number of colors (membership to color attribute bits); the number of the newly added colors of the frame is F, if the number is F, the number of the newly added colors is F, and if the number is I, the number of the newly added colors is all colors of the current code; will occupy one byte; color information (belonging to color attribute bit): the data format is RGBRGB, and the length is the number of colors x 3; pixel information index (i.e., pixel bit): the index of each image point in the color table has a length of 256 times of the index of image point information, the index length of the image point information is calculated according to bits, and the total number of used colors from the frame I to the current frame F is calculated, for example, if the number of used colors is 28, the number is greater than the 4 power of 2 and less than the 5 power of 2, the index length of the image point information is 5; (i.e., calculation of the specific numerical value encoded in step S7)
9: if the current total data length is greater than the preset limit threshold, jumping to step 10 if the current total data length is less than the preset limit threshold, otherwise, jumping to step 5 if the lossy compression coefficient N +1 is not greater than the lossy compression coefficient N +1 (namely step S6, which aims to ensure that the encoded data meets the processing requirements of users);
10: firstly applying for an internal memory of the total data length of a current frame for encode _ buf (a structural body for storing data, namely encoded data) so as to buffer encoded data;
11: packing the coding identification, the coding length, the time interval, the coding type and the color number into an encode _ buf according to the requirement;
12: packing the newly added color table of the current frame to encode _ buf;
13: searching in the base _ color _ table through the color value of each point, finding out the index information of the color value of each point, and packing the index information of 256 points to encode _ buf according to bits; (i.e., steps 10 to 13 belong to the calculation and encoding process of the specific numerical value in S7)
14: and returning the encode _ buf and the encode _ off to the user, and skipping to the step 2.
The method has the advantages that the establishment difficulty of the color list is reduced through the differentiation of the I/F frames, whether the compression coding can meet the requirements of customers is checked through the limiting threshold, if not, the compression coding is compressed with a higher loss rate based on the color fusion, and the requirements of the customers can be met to the maximum extent.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides the steps of the decoding flow shown in fig. 2: s01, acquiring a decoding request and a compressed code of at least one frame of image, and analyzing the compressed code according to a preset decoding rule; s02, when the image corresponding to the compression coding belongs to I frame, executing step S03, otherwise executing step S04; s03, establishing or updating a color index table according to the color list, and executing the step S05; s04, updating the color index table according to the color list; and S05, searching and obtaining the color information of the pixels of the image according to the pixel bits and the color index table.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: creating a decoding handle, and clearing all members to finish initialization;
II, secondly: waiting for decoding request of user, if there is decoding request, transferring to the third step;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: a user transmits encoded frame data (encode _ data) to request, and decodes encoding identification, encoding length, time interval, encoding type and color number related information from the encode _ data according to a frame data format; (i.e., step S01)
Fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: if the frame coding type is I frame, jumping to the fifth step, otherwise, jumping to the sixth step; (i.e., step S02)
Fifthly: initializing the color index table of the I frame to base _ color _ table (i.e. building the color index table, and updating the color index table when the next I frame image appears), (i.e. step S03), jumping to the seventh step;
sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: appending the color index table of this frame to the base _ color _ table (i.e., updating the color index table); (i.e., step S04)
Seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the index length of image point information through a color index table, respectively obtaining color index values of 256 points from the offset positions of the image point information index of the encode _ data, and obtaining related colors from the base _ color _ table through the index values; (i.e., step S05)
Eighthly: and returning the RGB color values of 256 points of the user image, and returning to the second step.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a lossy image compression and transmission system, which comprises an encoding end and a decoding end, wherein the encoding end and the decoding end are respectively used for executing the encoding flow and the decoding flow.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A lossy image compression transmission method, comprising an encoding flow and a decoding flow, wherein the steps of the encoding flow comprise:
s1, acquiring a transmission request, and summarizing the colors in the image which accord with a certain hue range into a corresponding color;
s2, marking a first frame image of the image to be compressed as an I frame image, acquiring a color type value of the I frame image, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; the I frame is a key frame, has no dependency relationship with the previous frame, and has an independent color list;
s3, sequentially calculating the difference value of the color type value between each subsequent frame of image and the previous I frame of image, and marking the next frame of image as an I frame of image and marking the non-I frame of image as an F frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value; wherein the F frames share a color list of a first previous I frame;
s4, repeating the step S3 until all the images are marked;
s5, analyzing I, F frame images to obtain color distribution information, establishing a color list for describing color types according to I, F frame colors, executing a step S6 when the specification of the color list is larger than a limit threshold, otherwise executing a step S7; wherein, the step S5 specifically includes: parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information, creating or updating a basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the I-frame, parsing the F-frame image to obtain color distribution information, updating the basic color list for describing the color kind according to the color of the F-frame to obtain a color list, performing step S6 when a specification of the color list is greater than a limit threshold, otherwise performing step S7;
s6, increasing the hue range in step S1 to reduce the color types and re-executing step S1;
s7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information of the image, and outputting the compression coding, wherein the compression coding comprises a mark bit for describing the mark type, a frame length bit for describing the coding length, a time bit for describing the transmission interval, a color attribute bit for describing the color value, a color list and a pixel bit for describing the pixel position corresponding to the color.
2. A lossy image compression transmission method according to claim 1, wherein said reducing colors in an image that fit a hue range to a corresponding color specifically comprises:
setting a lossy compression coefficient N, wherein the corresponding hue range is x-N < R < x + N, y-N < G < y + N, and z-N < B < z + N; wherein x, y and z are corresponding RGB luminance values.
3. The lossy image compression transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the encoding process further comprises step S8 of obtaining customer feedback and updating the limiting threshold.
4. A lossy image compression transmission method, comprising an encoding process and a decoding process, wherein the decoding process comprises the steps of:
s01, acquiring a decoding request and a compressed code of at least one frame of image, and analyzing the compressed code according to a preset decoding rule;
s02, when the image corresponding to the compression coding belongs to I frame, executing step S03, otherwise executing step S04; the I frame is a key frame, has no dependency relationship with the previous frame, and has an independent color list;
s03, establishing or updating a color index table according to the color list, and executing the step S05;
s04, updating the color index table according to the color list;
and S05, searching and obtaining the color information of the pixels of the image according to the pixel bits and the color index table.
5. A lossy image compression transmission system, comprising an encoding side and a decoding side, wherein the encoding side is configured to perform the steps of:
s1, acquiring a transmission request, and summarizing the colors in the image which accord with a certain hue range into a corresponding color;
s2, marking a first frame image of the image to be compressed as an I frame image, acquiring a color type value of the I frame image, and marking the color type value as a basic color value; the I frame is a key frame, has no dependency relationship with the previous frame, and has an independent color list;
s3, sequentially calculating the difference value of the color type value between each subsequent frame of image and the previous I frame of image, and marking the next frame of image as an I frame of image and marking the non-I frame of image as an F frame when the difference value is larger than the basic color value; wherein the F frames share a color list of a first previous I frame;
s4, repeating the step S3 until all the images are marked;
s5, analyzing I, F frame images to obtain color distribution information, establishing a color list for describing color types according to I, F frame colors, executing a step S6 when the specification of the color list is larger than a limit threshold, otherwise executing a step S7; wherein, the step S5 specifically includes: parsing the I-frame image to obtain color distribution information, creating or updating a basic color list for describing a color kind according to a color of the I-frame, parsing the F-frame image to obtain color distribution information, updating the basic color list for describing the color kind according to the color of the F-frame to obtain a color list, performing step S6 when a specification of the color list is greater than a limit threshold, otherwise performing step S7;
s6, increasing the hue range in step S1 to reduce the color types and re-executing step S1;
s7, establishing compression coding according to the color distribution information of the image, and outputting the compression coding, wherein the compression coding comprises a mark bit for describing the mark type, a frame length bit for describing the coding length, a time bit for describing the transmission interval, a color attribute bit for describing the color value, a color list and a pixel bit for describing the pixel position corresponding to the color.
6. The lossy image compression transmission system according to claim 5, wherein the encoding side is configured to execute step S8:
client feedback is obtained and the limit threshold is updated.
7. A lossy image compression transmission system comprising an encoding side and a decoding side, wherein the decoding side is configured to perform the steps of:
s01, acquiring a decoding request and a compressed code of at least one frame of image, and analyzing the compressed code according to a preset decoding rule;
s02, when the image corresponding to the compression coding belongs to I frame, executing step S03, otherwise executing step S04; the I frame is a key frame, has no dependency relationship with the previous frame, and has an independent color list;
s03, establishing or updating a color index table according to the color list, and executing the step S05;
s04, updating the color index table according to the color list;
and S05, searching and obtaining the color information of the pixels of the image according to the pixel bits and the color index table.
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