CN109817890A - The preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode - Google Patents

The preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109817890A
CN109817890A CN201910071933.2A CN201910071933A CN109817890A CN 109817890 A CN109817890 A CN 109817890A CN 201910071933 A CN201910071933 A CN 201910071933A CN 109817890 A CN109817890 A CN 109817890A
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positive electrode
extractant
lithium ion
ion battery
preparation
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CN109817890B (en
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周崇旺
赵悠曼
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Dongguan Chuangming Battery Technology Co Ltd
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Dongguan Chuangming Battery Technology Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode.Include the following steps: to provide prefabricated positive electrode, the prefabricated positive electrode includes collector and the active material layer for being incorporated in the collection liquid surface, the active material layer includes positive electrode active materials, conductive agent and binder, and the active material layer includes polyvinylpyrrolidone;Extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant;Wherein, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can be dissolved in the extractant.Content of the polyvinylpyrrolidone in lithium ion battery positive electrode finished product can be significantly reduced in the preparation method, to reduce influence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to performance of lithium ion battery, and activity substance content in pole piece is improved indirectly, it is final to promote battery energy density and cycle performance, improve the stability and applicability of battery.

Description

The preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode.
Background technique
As lithium ion battery energy density requires higher and higher, promoting the approach of lithium ion battery, there are two methods: one It is to promote active unit volume or unit mass capacity, second is that the ratio of inert matter is reduced to the greatest extent, thus indirectly Improve the ratio of inside battery active material.With the development of lithium ion battery, carbon nanotube (Carbon Nanotube, CNT) Conductive gelatin is more and more common as conductive agent applied to lithium ion cell positive, relative to conventional conductive agent, such as conductive black Class conductive agent, it is that can reach identical electric conductivity that CNT dosage, which is the 1/10 to 1/5 of conductive black dosage, can obviously reduce and leads Electric agent dosage improves active material ratio, promotes lithium ion battery energy density.
It is well known that carbon nanotube caliber is generally several nanometers to tens nanometers, pipe range is generally tens nanometers to several Hundred nanometers, specific surface area is very high, is easy to happen reunion, in lithium ion battery if CNT powder directly with micron-sized anode Material carries out mixed pulp, and CNT reunites, cannot be uniformly coated on positive electrode surface, influence the performance of electric conductivity, The internal resistance of cell is high, consistency is poor.The method generally used in industry at present is that CNT is dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone solvent In, dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone, PVP), to form well dispersed glue Liquid, slurrying after when use directly uses CNT glue to mix with positive electrode, solvent, binder, after coating drying, polyvinyl Pyrrolidones remains in positive plate, and is finally brought into lithium ion battery.
There are three main influences in lithium ion battery for polyvinylpyrrolidone: 1, polyvinylpyrrolidone is one Kind nonionic compound, does not have electric conductivity, therefore reduce battery energy density;2, polyvinyl pyrrole under high voltages Pyrrolidone is unstable, is easy to happen decomposition, oxidation, influences the stability of battery performance, cannot make being greater than 4.2V voltage regime With;3, polyvinylpyrrolidone influences pole piece electrolyte inside as gap between non-conducting material blocking pole piece powder Conduction, influences battery high rate performance and cycle performance.
Therefore, the prior art has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of lithium ion battery positive electrode, it is intended to solve existing lithium ion The technical issues of polyvinylpyrrolidone in battery influences battery performance.
For achieving the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode, includes the following steps:
Prefabricated positive electrode is provided, the prefabricated positive electrode includes collector and the active material for being incorporated in the collection liquid surface The bed of material, the active material layer includes positive electrode active materials, conductive agent and binder, and the active material layer includes polyethylene Pyrrolidones;
Extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant;Wherein, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can be dissolved in institute It states in extractant.
The preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode provided by the invention, is coated with to form prefabricated positive electrode (also not in slurry At finished product) after technique, extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode, extractant can be with polyethylene dissolving pyrroles in extraction process Alkanone but do not dissolve other effective components, therefore pass through the extraction process, can be significantly reduced polyvinylpyrrolidone lithium from Content in sub- cell positive electrode finished product, so that influence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to performance of lithium ion battery is reduced, and It connects and improves activity substance content in pole piece, it is final to promote battery energy density and cycle performance, improve the stability of battery And applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the preparation method flow chart of lithium ion battery positive electrode in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain The present invention is not intended to limit the present invention.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of preparation methods of lithium ion battery positive electrode, as shown in Figure 1, should Preparation method includes the following steps:
S01: providing prefabricated positive electrode, and the prefabricated positive electrode includes collector and the work for being incorporated in the collection liquid surface Property material layer, the active material layer includes positive electrode active materials, conductive agent and binder, and the active material layer includes poly- Vinylpyrrolidone;
S02: extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant;Wherein, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can be molten In the extractant.
The preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is coated with to form prefabricated positive electrode in slurry After (also non-Cheng Chengpin) technique, extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode, extractant can dissolve poly- second in extraction process Alkene pyrrolidone but other effective components are not dissolved, therefore pass through the extraction process, polyvinylpyrrolidone can be significantly reduced Content in lithium ion battery positive electrode finished product, so that influence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to performance of lithium ion battery is reduced, And activity substance content in pole piece is improved indirectly, and it is final to promote battery energy density and cycle performance, improve battery Stability and applicability.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps S01, which is the electricity that lithium ion battery positive electrode finished product has not yet been formed The preparation process of pole, general electrode will form lithium ion battery positive electrode finished product by slurry coating, drying, last film-making. And the prefabricated positive electrode of meaning of the embodiment of the present invention refers to the positive electrode initial product for not completing tablet making technology also.In an embodiment In, the preparation method of the prefabricated positive electrode includes: by positive electrode active materials, conductive agent, binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone Dispersion in a solvent, obtains cell positive electrode slurry;The cell positive electrode slurry is dried coated in collection liquid surface Processing, that is, form prefabricated positive electrode.Specifically, by taking carbon nanotube conducting agent as an example, first by carbon nanotube and polyvinylpyrrolidine Ketone is dispersed in partial solvent, forms finely dispersed carbon nanotube glue, then by carbon nanotube glue and positive-active material Material and binder are dispersed in remaining solvent, obtain finely dispersed cell positive electrode slurry.
Optionally, positive electrode active materials include one of nickle cobalt lithium manganate, cobalt acid lithium, LiFePO 4 and LiMn2O4 or It is a variety of;Binder includes one of Kynoar, carboxymethyl cellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber or a variety of;Conductive agent includes that carbon is received One of mitron, acetylene black, Ketjen black, KS-6 and Super P or a variety of, preferably conductive agent are carbon nanotube.Polyvinyl Pyrrolidones promotes conductive agent such as carbon nanotube to form well dispersed glue, prepares cell positive electrode certainly as dispersing agent When slurry, other dispersing agents in addition to polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be added.The solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps S02, the extractant is selected from halogenated hydrocarbon extractant, alcohol kind of extractants, nitroparaffin At least one of hydro carbons extractant, fatty acid extractant and esters extractant.The principle that extractant is selected is the extractant There is good dissolubility to polyvinylpyrrolidone but do not dissolve other effective components, active material layer can be made in this way Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be released effectively out, and if other active principles (such as positive electrode active materials, conductive agent and binder) Appoint and is retained in active material layer.Specifically, the halogenated hydrocarbon extractant is selected from methylene chloride, dichloroethanes, chloroform At least one of with trichloroethanes;The alcohol kind of extractants is selected from least one of methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and butanol;Institute It states nitroparaffins kind of extractants and is selected from least one of nitromethane, nitroethane and nitropropane;The fatty acid extraction Agent is taken to be selected from least one of formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid;The esters extractant is selected from Ethyl formate, propyl formate, acetic acid At least one of ethyl ester and methyl acetate.In the embodiment of the present invention, preferred alcohol, the ethyl alcohol extractant is environmentally friendly, poison Property is low and cheap, practical.
In one embodiment, the step of carrying out extraction processing to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant includes: will be described pre- Positive electrode processed is placed in the device for filling the extractant, carries out immersion treatment.It is highly preferred that the prefabricated positive electrode is placed in In the device for filling the extractant circulated, immersion treatment is carried out.The extractant circulated is more advantageous to raising extraction Take effect.Optionally, which is liquid bath, and liquid bath is provided with inlet and liquid outlet, inlet and liquid outlet It is connected, to form a circulatory system;Extractant enters in liquid bath by inlet and flows again through liquid outlet outflow liquid bath It is recycled into liquid bath through inlet, so carries out continual circulation, to guarantee the effect of extracting of extractant.
In one embodiment, the prefabricated positive electrode is placed in the device for filling the extractant, in the item that temperature is T The immersion treatment is carried out under part;Wherein, 25 DEG C≤T≤extractant boiling point.Heating can be further improved extraction effect Rate, but temperature cannot be too high, is such as higher than the boiling point of extractant, then and extractant can further evaporate, therefore in order to guarantee extraction effect Fruit, can be in temperature range are as follows: in the boiling point of 25 DEG C≤T≤extractant, heats to extract liquor.It is optional in the present invention one In embodiment, the extractant is ethyl alcohol, carries out the immersion treatment under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -78 DEG C;In the present invention In another alternative embodiment, the extractant is dichloroethanes, is carried out at the immersion under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -40 DEG C Reason;In the another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the extractant is ethyl acetate, under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -77 DEG C into The row immersion treatment.
In one embodiment, the time that the immersion treatment is carried out under conditions of temperature is T is 30-60min.It needs Bright, when the prefabricated positive electrode is placed in the device for filling the extractant, which, which can be, is circulated, Optionally, prefabricated positive electrode can be a kind of process for continuing tape transport in the apparatus, therefore fill the device of the extractant It is in the apparatus with certain length convenient for prefabricated positive electrode and is continuously transported through journey, and in the whole process, extractant leaching The not prefabricated positive electrode;Therefore, soaking time described herein is same site on prefabricated positive electrode from being immersed in extraction To the time taken out from the device for fill the extractant in agent.
In one embodiment, after the step of carrying out extraction processing to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant, further include The step of drying.By drying and processing, extractant is evaporated, finally completes film-making and form lithium ion battery positive electrode finished product.It should The temperature of drying is generally higher than the boiling point of extractant.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode include: (1) by carbon nanotube conducting agent and Polyvinylpyrrolidone is dispersed in partial solvent, forms finely dispersed carbon nanotube glue, then by carbon nanotube glue, Other substances such as positive electrode active materials, binder, which are dispersed in remaining solvent, is made cell positive electrode slurry;(2) just by battery Electrode slurry is coated on a current collector, and drying forms prefabricated positive electrode;(3) prefabricated positive electrode is placed in extractant and is extracted Then technique is dried;(4) film-making forms lithium ion battery positive electrode.The system of the lithium ion battery positive electrode of the embodiment of the present invention Preparation Method increases the technique of above-mentioned (3) compared with the prior art, therefore significantly reduces polyvinylpyrrolidone in lithium ion battery Content in positive electrode finished product to reduce influence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to performance of lithium ion battery, and is promoted indirectly Activity substance content in pole piece, it is final to promote battery energy density and cycle performance, it improves the stability of battery and is applicable in Property.
Finally, lithium ion battery positive electrode made of will be above-mentioned and negative electrode assemble, fluid injection is completed, through overactivation, chemical conversion Technique forms finished battery.These are all common process, are no longer elaborated.
The present invention successively carried out test of many times, and it is further detailed as reference pair invention progress now to lift A partial experiment result Thin description, is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode, includes the following steps:
Step 1: it in a solvent by the dispersion of positive electrode active materials, conductive agent, binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone, prepares At cell positive electrode slurry;The cell positive electrode slurry is coated in collection liquid surface to be dried to form active material Layer, obtains prefabricated positive electrode.
Step 2: the prefabricated positive electrode formed after coated drying passes through one or more equipped with nothing by deflector roll respectively The liquid bath of water-ethanol, is extracted.Dehydrated alcohol passes through inlet respectively in liquid bath and liquid outlet carries out continual circulation, To guarantee the effect of extracting of dehydrated alcohol, extraction time 40min.In order to guarantee effect of extracting, dehydrated alcohol can be added Heat, temperature range are room temperature to 78 DEG C.Dehydrated alcohol moderate boiling point, environmental-friendly, toxicity is low, and price is low, strong applicability.
Step 3: after extraction, drying, film-making obtain lithium ion battery positive electrode.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode, includes the following steps:
Step 1: it in a solvent by the dispersion of positive electrode active materials, conductive agent, binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone, prepares At cell positive electrode slurry;The cell positive electrode slurry is coated in collection liquid surface to be dried to form active material Layer, obtains prefabricated positive electrode.
Step 2: the prefabricated positive electrode formed after coated drying passes through one or more equipped with two by deflector roll respectively The liquid bath of chloromethanes.Methylene chloride passes through inlet respectively in liquid bath and liquid outlet carries out continual circulation, to guarantee two The effect of extracting of chloromethanes, extraction time 40min.In order to guarantee effect of extracting, methylene chloride can be heated, temperature model It encloses for room temperature to 40 DEG C.Methylene chloride low boiling point, toxicity is high, and applicability is poor.
Step 3: after extraction, drying, film-making obtain lithium ion battery positive electrode.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode, includes the following steps:
Step 1: it in a solvent by the dispersion of positive electrode active materials, conductive agent, binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone, prepares At cell positive electrode slurry;The cell positive electrode slurry is coated in collection liquid surface to be dried to form active material Layer, obtains prefabricated positive electrode.
Step 2: the prefabricated positive electrode formed after coated drying passes through one or more equipped with second by deflector roll respectively The liquid bath of acetoacetic ester.Ethyl acetate passes through inlet respectively in liquid bath and liquid outlet carries out continual circulation, to guarantee second The effect of extracting of acetoacetic ester, extraction time 40min.In order to guarantee effect of extracting, ethyl acetate can be heated, temperature model It encloses for room temperature to 77 DEG C.Ethyl acetate moderate boiling point, toxicity is low, has minimal irritation, and applicability is moderate.
Step 3: after extraction, drying, film-making obtain lithium ion battery positive electrode.
Measure of merit
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone content (mass percent) in lithium ion battery positive electrode is tested, as a result as follows:
Table 1
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode, which comprises the steps of:
Prefabricated positive electrode is provided, the prefabricated positive electrode includes collector and the active material for being incorporated in the collection liquid surface Layer, the active material layer includes positive electrode active materials, conductive agent and binder, and the active material layer includes polyethylene pyrrole Pyrrolidone;
Extraction processing is carried out to the prefabricated positive electrode with extractant;Wherein, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can be dissolved in the extraction It takes in agent.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the extractant is selected from halogen For at least one in hydro carbons extractant, alcohol kind of extractants, nitroparaffins kind of extractants, fatty acid extractant and esters extractant Kind.
3. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the halogenated hydrocarbon extraction Agent is selected from least one of methylene chloride, dichloroethanes, chloroform and trichloroethanes;And/or
The alcohol kind of extractants is selected from least one of methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and butanol;And/or
The nitroparaffins kind of extractants is selected from least one of nitromethane, nitroethane and nitropropane;And/or
The fatty acid extractant is selected from least one of formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid;And/or
The esters extractant is selected from least one of Ethyl formate, propyl formate, ethyl acetate and methyl acetate.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that with extractant to described pre- The step of positive electrode progress extraction processing processed includes: that the prefabricated positive electrode is placed in the device for filling the extractant, into Row immersion treatment.
5. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that by the prefabricated positive electrode It is placed in the device for filling the extractant circulated, carries out immersion treatment.
6. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that by the prefabricated positive electrode It is placed in the device for filling the extractant, carries out the immersion treatment under conditions of temperature is T;Wherein, 25 DEG C≤T≤institute State the boiling point of extractant.
7. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the extractant is second Alcohol carries out the immersion treatment under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -78 DEG C;Alternatively,
The extractant is dichloroethanes, carries out the immersion treatment under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -40 DEG C;Alternatively,
The extractant is ethyl acetate, carries out the immersion treatment under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C -77 DEG C.
8. the preparation method of lithium ion battery positive electrode as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in the condition that temperature is T The lower time for carrying out the immersion treatment will be 30-60min.
9. such as the preparation method of the described in any item lithium ion battery positive electrodes of claim 1-8, which is characterized in that described prefabricated The preparation method of positive electrode includes:
In a solvent by the dispersion of positive electrode active materials, conductive agent, binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone, cell positive electrode slurry is obtained Material;The cell positive electrode slurry is dried coated in collection liquid surface.
10. such as the preparation method of the described in any item lithium ion battery positive electrodes of claim 1-8, which is characterized in that with extraction After the step of taking agent to carry out extraction processing to the prefabricated positive electrode, further include the steps that drying.
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