CN109816422B - Compensation method of block chain node equipment, node equipment and device - Google Patents
Compensation method of block chain node equipment, node equipment and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109816422B CN109816422B CN201811527428.6A CN201811527428A CN109816422B CN 109816422 B CN109816422 B CN 109816422B CN 201811527428 A CN201811527428 A CN 201811527428A CN 109816422 B CN109816422 B CN 109816422B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compensation method of block chain link point equipment, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a node undertaking device receives penalty information and operation information sent by a node penalty device; responding to the penalty information to judge whether the running information meets the compensation condition of a block chain compensation protocol; and if the operation information conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the responsible node equipment compensates the penalized node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol. By the method, the node equipment which is subjected to network punishment due to unexpected faults can be paid, so that the loss of the block chain network node equipment is reduced, and a guarantee is provided for the operation of the punished node equipment in the block chain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of block chains, in particular to a compensation method, node equipment and a device for block chain link point equipment.
Background
The incentive mechanism is one of core mechanisms of the block chain, plays an important role in a public chain, encourages nodes to join the block chain network, maintains stability and safety of the block jointly, and is a power for maintaining the operation of the block chain network for a long time. There are four excitation mechanisms in the blockchain: tokens, privileges, rewards and penalties, where penalties are a means of penalizing network participants' undesirable behavior and a means of maintaining the network operating effectively, but with a loss of interest to network nodes that are subject to the penalties.
Since the birth of bitcoin, the blockchain technology is continuously developed, more and more people and equipment are added into the blockchain to become nodes for supporting the stable operation of the blockchain network, the network nodes also obtain rewards from the network nodes while maintaining the stable operation of the blockchain network, but the equipment serving as the nodes can cause network punishment due to various unexpected conditions such as power failure and damage of equipment components in the operation process, so that the incentive is cancelled by the network, token mortgages are deducted, credit is reduced, privileges are cancelled, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a compensation method, node equipment and a device for block chain link point equipment, which can provide compensation for the node equipment participating in a block chain compensation protocol and suffering network penalty due to accidental damage, and reduce the loss.
In order to solve the technical problem, one technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a compensation method of block link point equipment, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a node undertaking device receives penalty information and operation information sent by a node penalty device; responding to the penalty information to judge whether the running information meets the compensation condition of a block chain compensation protocol; and if the running information conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the undertaking node equipment compensates the penalized node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol.
In order to solve the technical problem, another technical scheme adopted by the invention is a compensation method of block link point equipment, which comprises the following steps of: the penalty node equipment sends penalty information and operation information to the undertaking node equipment; and the penalty node equipment receives a compensation result, wherein the compensation result is the result that the undertaking node equipment responds to the penalty information to judge whether the operation information meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol or not, and whether the penalty node equipment is compensated or not according to the block chain compensation protocol after the judgment.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a node device, including: a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, a memory in which program instructions are stored, and a transceiver by which the processor executes to implement the method as described above.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide an apparatus having a storage function, which stores program data that can be executed to implement any one of the above methods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: different from the prior art, the penalty node device is penalized by the network due to an unexpected situation, the undertaking node device receives penalty information and running information of the penalty node device, the undertaking node device judges whether the running information of the penalty node device meets a compensation condition of a block chain compensation protocol, and if the running information meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the undertaking node device compensates the penalty node device according to the block chain compensation protocol, so that loss of the block chain network node device due to unexpected damage is reduced. The node equipment added with the block chain compensation protocol jointly pays for the loss of the penalized node equipment caused by unexpected situations, and a guarantee is provided for the operation of the penalized node equipment in the block chain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a compensation method of a block link point device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a second embodiment of a block link point apparatus compensation method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a third embodiment of a compensation method of the block link point device provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a fourth embodiment of a block link point apparatus compensation method provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a node device provided in the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device with a storage function according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a compensation method for a block link point device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the compensation method for a block link point device according to the present embodiment includes:
s101: and the undertaking node equipment receives the penalty information and the operation information sent by the penalty node equipment.
Each node device is accessed to the blockchain network, and the blockchain compensation protocol of the embodiment is added, when the node device is subjected to network penalty due to failure, the node device is a penalized node device, and the other node devices are responsible node devices. The receiving of the penalty information and the operation information sent by the penalty node device by the undertaking node device specifically includes a plurality of conditions: the method comprises the steps that a node undertaking device directly receives penalty information and operation information sent by a penalty node device; or the responsible node equipment sends a request command for acquiring the penalty information and the running information of the penalty node equipment to the blockchain, and the blockchain sends the running information and the penalty information which are sent to the blockchain in a packaging mode to the responsible node equipment. The present embodiment is not limited.
In addition, the step of receiving the information by the node device specifically includes a plurality of conditions: the responsible node device itself receives the message; or, the responsible node device receives the message through the account in the block chain protocol, and the responsible node sends the message simultaneously. The present embodiment is not limited.
The operation information comprises whether the hardware of the node equipment is damaged by non-human accidents or not and whether the health condition and the use degree of the hardware of the node equipment are in a normal range or not. The penalized information includes that the mortgage token of the penalized node device is deducted, the credit is reduced, or the privilege is revoked.
The block chain subsidy method can be used for various networks, such as filejoin networks, ether houses and the like.
S102: and responding the penalty information to judge whether the running information meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol.
And the responsible node equipment responds to the penalty information of the penalty node equipment and judges whether the operation information of the penalty node equipment meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol or not. In this embodiment, if the damage of the hardware of the penalty node device is an unexpected damage, the health condition of the penalty node device is normal, the aged hardware is not used, and the usage degree of the hardware is within a normal range, the operation information of the penalty node device conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol. If the hardware damage of the node equipment is assumed as human damage; or the hardware of the node equipment has long service life and aging; or the system warns that the hardware of the node equipment has problems and needs to be replaced within a specified time, but the node equipment is not replaced in time and does not meet the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol. The compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol in other embodiments may be other requirements, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.
S103: and if the running information conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the node equipment is born to compensate the penalized node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol.
If the running information of the node equipment subjected to penalty meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the node equipment is born to compensate the node equipment subjected to penalty according to the block chain compensation protocol, so that the node equipment subjected to penalty can be compensated, the loss of the node equipment subjected to penalty due to accidental damage is reduced, and a guarantee is provided for the node equipment participating in the block chain. The compensation of the penalized node device in the embodiment is specifically token compensation, and a block chain compensation protocol specifies a specific damage mechanism and a compensation mechanism, wherein the damage mechanism includes converting the network penalty of the penalized node device into a corresponding token quantity, for example: the privilege of the penalized node device is revoked, and the corresponding privilege translates into a corresponding token quantity; the credits of the penalized node devices decrease, and one credit value can be converted into several tokens. In other embodiments, other damage assessment mechanisms may be further defined, and the embodiment is not limited.
The payout mechanism includes a payout amount for the penalized node apparatus, such as fifty percent, sixty percent, eighty percent, or the like, of the loss of the penalized node apparatus. And calculating the specific paying amount, and paying by the charge node equipment. The specific paying mechanism of the block chain compensation protocol may be determined according to actual situations, and this embodiment is not limited.
And after the responsible node equipment compensates the penalized node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol, the process is ended.
S104: if the operation information does not accord with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the bearing node equipment does not compensate the penalized node equipment.
If the operation information of the penalized node device does not accord with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the node device is assumed not to compensate the penalized node device, and the method specifically comprises the steps of sending an uncompensation message to the penalized node device and informing the cause of the uncompensation message.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a compensation method for block link point equipment according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the compensation method for block link point equipment according to the present embodiment includes:
s201: and the undertaking node equipment receives the penalty information and the operation information sent by the penalty node equipment.
Each node device of this embodiment accesses the blockchain network and adds the blockchain compensation protocol of the present invention. The block chain compensation protocol of the invention is written into the intelligent contract, and the node equipment is accessed into the intelligent contract through the address of the intelligent contract and the ABI interface.
Each node device is required to provide a predetermined number of mortgage tokens in accordance with the block chain compensation protocol of the present invention, in the form of a predetermined number of mortgage tokens maintained in the respective account, the mortgage tokens being used to later compensate for the penalized node device. When the node equipment suffers network punishment due to failure, the node equipment is punished node equipment, and the other node equipment is assumed node equipment.
The responsible node device of this embodiment acquires the penalty information of the penalty node device from the blockchain, and invokes the operation information of the penalty node device from the blockchain. The operation information of the punished node equipment and the operation information of the undertaking node equipment are continuously packaged and sent to the block chain, so that when the punished node equipment is punished by a network due to a fault, the undertaking node equipment can acquire the operation information of the punished node equipment in a period before the fault from the block chain, and the operation information comprises whether hardware of the node equipment is damaged accidentally or not by non-human, and whether the health condition and the use degree of the hardware of the node equipment are in a normal range or not.
S202: and responding to the penalty information to judge whether the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol, and sending the judgment result to the other responsible node equipment belonging to the block chain compensation protocol members.
Step S202 is substantially the same as step S102 of the first embodiment of the block link point device compensation method provided in the present invention, and further includes sending the determination result to the remaining responsible node devices belonging to the member of the block chain compensation protocol.
S203: and receiving the judgment results of the other responsible node devices, calculating the proportion (A) of the responsible node devices of which the operation information accords with the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol in all the responsible node devices belonging to the members of the block chain compensation protocol, and comparing the proportion (A) with the preset proportion (B).
The block chain compensation protocol of this embodiment is mutual compensation, and the responsible node device that exceeds a predetermined ratio in the block chain compensation protocol determines that the operation information of the penalized node device conforms to the compensation range, and the responsible node device initiates compensation for the penalized node device. The predetermined ratio may be thirty percent, fifty percent or sixty percent, and the specific predetermined ratio may be specified in the block chain compensation protocol according to practical situations, and the embodiment is not limited.
S204: and if the proportion (A) of the responsible node equipment of which the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol in all the responsible node equipment belonging to the member of the block chain compensation protocol is judged to be more than the preset proportion (B), the operation information conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, and the responsible node equipment compensates the punished node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol.
If the operation information of the punished node equipment is judged to be in accordance with the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol by the responsible node equipment not lower than the preset proportion, the transfer can be initiated to the punished node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol, so that the punished node equipment can be compensated, the loss of the punished node equipment caused by accidental damage is reduced, and a guarantee is provided for the node equipment participating in the block chain. If the hardware of the node equipment is damaged by non-human accident or the health condition and the use degree are in the normal range, the compensation range conforming to the block chain compensation protocol is judged.
Specific damage-assessment mechanisms and pay-off mechanisms are specified in the blockchain compensation protocol, and the damage-assessment mechanisms include converting network penalties penalized by penalized node devices into corresponding token quantities, such as: the privilege of the penalized node device is revoked, and the corresponding privilege translates into a corresponding token quantity; the credit of the penalized node device decreases and one credit value can be converted to two tokens. In other embodiments, other damage assessment mechanisms may be further defined, and the embodiment is not limited.
The payout mechanism includes a payout amount for the penalized node apparatus, such as fifty percent, sixty percent, eighty percent, or the like, of the loss of the penalized node apparatus. And calculating specific pay amount, and uniformly distributing the pay amount by the bearing node equipment. The specific paying mechanism of the block chain compensation protocol may be determined according to actual situations, and this embodiment is not limited.
S205: if the bearing node equipment with the lower proportion than the preset proportion judges that the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol, the operation information does not conform to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, and the bearing node equipment does not compensate the penalized node equipment.
And if the operation information of the punished node equipment is judged to be in accordance with the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol by the responsible node equipment with the lower proportion than the preset proportion, the punished node equipment is not compensated, and meanwhile, an uncompensation message is sent to the punished node equipment and the reason is informed.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a compensation method for block link point equipment according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the compensation method for block link point equipment according to the present embodiment includes:
s301: and the undertaking node equipment receives the penalty information and the operation information sent by the penalty node equipment.
Step S301 is substantially the same as step S201 of the first embodiment of the block link point device compensation method provided in the present invention, and is not described herein again.
S302: and responding to the penalty information to judge whether the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol, and sending the judgment result to the other bearing node equipment.
Step S302 is substantially the same as step S202 of the first embodiment of the block link point device compensation method provided by the present invention, and is not described herein again.
S303: and receiving the judgment results of the rest of the responsible node devices, calculating the proportion (A) of the responsible node devices of which the operation information accords with the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol in all the responsible node devices belonging to the members of the block chain compensation protocol, and comparing the proportion (A) with the preset proportion (B).
Step S303 is substantially the same as step S203 of the first embodiment of the block link point device compensation method provided by the present invention, and is not described herein again.
S304: and if the proportion (A) of the responsible node equipment of which the operation information accords with the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol in the total responsible node equipment is judged to be more than the preset proportion (B), confirming the account of the punished node equipment, and judging whether the account of the punished node equipment holds no less than the preset number of the mortgage tokens.
And if the operation information of the punished node equipment is judged to be in accordance with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol by the responsible node equipment not less than the preset proportion, the responsible node equipment confirms the account of the punished node equipment. The account for assuming node device confirmation and punished node device specifically includes: and the undertaking node equipment sends a request instruction for checking account information of the penalized node equipment to the blockchain, and receives the account information sent to the blockchain by the penalized node equipment. The account information specifically includes whether the account of the penalized node device always has a predetermined number of tokens due to the predetermined amount, and the amount of the account token of the penalized node device is obtained by calculating the transaction history of the penalized node device. The specific predetermined number of tokens is determined by the blockchain compensation protocol, and may be three tokens or five tokens, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. Each node device must retain a predetermined sufficient number of collateral tokens in the account balance for settlement deductions.
S305: if the account of the punished node equipment keeps not less than the preset number of the mortgage tokens, the responsible node equipment compensates the punished node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol.
If the account of the punished node equipment always keeps the number of the mortgage tokens not less than the preset number since the account of the punished node equipment is added into the block chain compensation protocol, the responsible node equipment compensates the punished node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol, and the specific compensation method refers to step S204.
S306: if no less than a predetermined number of collated tokens remain in the account of the penalized node device, the penalized node device is not compensated.
If the account of the penalized node device does not have no less than a predetermined number of collateral tokens since the addition of the blockchain compensation protocol, for example, there are less than a predetermined number of collateral tokens in the account of the penalized node device before the failure occurs and there are a predetermined number of collateral tokens in the account of the penalized node device after the failure occurs. When the account information of the punished node equipment is checked by the responsible node equipment, the punished node equipment is not compensated and the reason is informed after the situation is found. Through the steps, enough mortgage tokens in the accounts of the node devices can be guaranteed for deduction, so that the benefits transferring process can be smoothly carried out.
S307: if the bearing node equipment with the lower proportion than the preset proportion judges that the operation information accords with the compensation range of the block chain, the operation information does not accord with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, and the bearing node equipment does not compensate the penalized node equipment.
And if the operation information of the punished node equipment is judged to be in accordance with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol by the responsible node equipment with the lower proportion than the preset proportion, the punished node equipment is not compensated, and meanwhile, an uncompensation message is sent to the punished node equipment and the reason is informed.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a fourth embodiment of a compensation method for block link point equipment provided in the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the compensation method for block link point equipment provided in the present embodiment includes:
s401: and the penalty node equipment sends penalty information and operation information to the undertaking node equipment.
The penalty node equipment can directly send penalty information and operation information to the undertaking node equipment; or the penalty node device continuously packages and sends the operation information to the block chain, and when the penalty node device is penalized by the network, the penalty node device sends the penalty information to the block chain to undertake the node device to acquire the information in the block chain, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In addition, the information sent by the penalty node device specifically includes multiple situations: the penalized node device itself sends the message; alternatively, the penalty node device sends the message via its account in the blockchain protocol, and the penalty node device receives the message in the same way. The present embodiment is not limited.
The operation information comprises whether the hardware of the node equipment is damaged accidentally or not by non-human persons and whether the health condition and the use degree of the hardware of the node equipment are within a normal range or not. The punished information includes that the mortgage tokens of the punished node device are deducted, credit reduced, or privileges revoked.
The penalized node device incorporates a blockchain compensation protocol in which the penalized node device provides no less than a predetermined number of the collateral tokens in a blockchain compensation protocol in the form of no less than a predetermined number of the collateral tokens held in the account.
S402: and the penalty node equipment receives a compensation result, wherein the compensation result is the result of assuming that the node equipment responds to the penalty information to judge whether the operation information meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol or not, and after the judgment, the penalty node equipment is compensated according to the block chain compensation protocol or not.
And judging whether the operation information of the penalized node equipment conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol or not by the undertaking node equipment, wherein when the operation information of the penalized node equipment conforms to the block chain compensation protocol, the compensation result received by the penalized node equipment is the compensation of the undertaking node equipment. When the operation information of the penalized node device does not accord with the block chain compensation protocol, the compensation result received by the penalized node device is an uncompensated message of the undertaking node device, and the uncompensated message specifically comprises an uncompensated reason.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a node device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The node device 50 includes a processor 51, a memory 52 and a transceiver 53 coupled to each other, the transceiver 53 is configured to transmit and receive information and is stored in the memory 52, the memory 52 is configured to store program instructions, and the processor 51 is configured to execute the program instructions in the memory 52 to perform a compensation method of the block-link node device.
The node devices 50 include a charged node device and a penalized node device.
The transceiver 53 of the responsible node device receives the penalty information and the operation information of the penalty node device, and the processor 51 of the responsible node device determines whether the operation information of the penalty node device meets the compensation condition of the blockchain compensation protocol, and sends the determination result back to the blockchain or sends the determination result to the penalty node device through the transceiver 53. Therefore, node equipment which is subjected to network punishment due to unexpected conditions is paid, and loss of the node equipment of the block chain network due to unexpected damage is reduced.
The transceiver 53 of the penalized node device transmits the operation information and the transmission and reception information of the penalized node device to the block chain or to the assuming node device. The processor 51 of the penalized node device runs the program instructions in the memory 52 to accept the offset of the charged node device; alternatively, the transceiver 53 of the penalized node device receives the uncompensated information.
The specific process can refer to the compensation method of the block link point device as shown in fig. 1-4.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus with a storage function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device 60 with storage function stores at least one program data 61, and the program data 61 is used for executing the compensation method of the block link point device shown in fig. 1-4. In one embodiment, the apparatus with a storage function may be a memory chip in a terminal, a hard disk, or a removable hard disk or other readable and writable storage tool such as a flash disk, an optical disk, or the like, and may also be a server or the like.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications that can be made by using equivalent structures or equivalent principles in the present specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compensation method of block link point equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a node undertaking device receives penalty information and operation information sent by a node penalty device;
responding to the penalty information to judge whether the running information meets the compensation condition of a block chain compensation protocol;
and if the operation information conforms to the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol, the responsible node equipment compensates the penalized node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the operation information satisfies the compensation condition of the blockchain compensation protocol comprises:
judging whether the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol or not, and sending the judgment result to the rest of the responsible node equipment belonging to the block chain compensation protocol member;
receiving the judgment results of the rest of the responsible node devices, and calculating the proportion of the responsible node devices of which the operation information conforms to the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol in all the responsible node devices belonging to the members of the block chain compensation protocol;
and if the proportion is more than a preset proportion, judging that the operation information accords with the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said determining whether the operation information conforms to a compensation condition range of a block chain compensation protocol comprises: and judging whether the hardware of the node equipment is damaged unexpectedly without human, or whether the health condition and the use degree are in a normal range, and if the hardware of the node equipment is damaged unexpectedly without human, or the health condition and the use degree are in the normal range, judging that the compensation range of the block chain compensation protocol is met.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the penalized information includes that a mortgage token of the penalized node device is deducted, credit is reduced, or privileges are revoked.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the assuming node device, prior to receiving the penalty information and the run information issued by the penalty node device, comprises: the responsible node equipment accesses a block chain compensation protocol, and the responsible node equipment keeps not less than a preset number of collateral tokens in an account according to the block chain compensation protocol.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the assuming node device compensating the penalized node device according to a block chain compensation protocol comprises, prior to:
confirming an account of the punished node equipment, and judging whether the account of the punished node equipment holds mortgage tokens not less than a preset number;
and if the accounts of the punished node equipment keep the number of the mortgage tokens which is not less than the preset number, the undertaking node equipment compensates the punished node equipment according to the block chain compensation protocol, otherwise, the punished node equipment does not compensate.
7. A compensation method of block chain node equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the penalty node equipment sends penalty information and running information to the undertaking node equipment;
and the penalty node equipment receives a compensation result, wherein the compensation result is the result that the undertaking node equipment responds to the penalty information to judge whether the operation information meets the compensation condition of the block chain compensation protocol or not, and after the judgment, the penalty node equipment is compensated according to the block chain compensation protocol or not.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the issuing of the penalty information and the run information by the penalty node device to the assuming node device is preceded by:
the penalized node device accesses the blockchain compensation protocol, which includes the assuming node device holding in an account not less than a predetermined number of collated tokens in accordance with the blockchain compensation protocol.
9. A node apparatus, comprising: a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, a memory in which information is transceived and stored, and a transceiver in which program instructions are stored, the processor executing the program instructions by which to implement the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. An apparatus having a storage function, characterized in that program data are stored, which program data can be executed to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-8.
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