CN109810269A - A kind of carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses carbon ball@polyaniline complex microspheres of a kind of yolk-shell structure and preparation method thereof, comprising: (1) polycondensation reaction prepares uniform particle diameter, monodispersed phenolic resin microspheres；(2) preparation of phenolic resin microspheres@silica composite construction microballoon；(3) high temperature cabonization obtains carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon；(4) carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon is obtained into carbon ball@silica@polyaniline composite construction microballoon by the in-situ polymerization of aniline monomer；(5) complex microsphere for obtaining (4) removes silica by the etching reaction of highly basic, obtain yolk-shell structure carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere, with biggish aperture and higher specific surface area, there is certain mechanical strength and chemical stability simultaneously, reaction condition is mild, and post-processing is simple, passes through the synergistic effect of carbon material and conducting polymer, the chemical property that can be improved composite material, can be applied to electrode material for super capacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the composite materials of a kind of carbon material and conducting polymer, are specifically related to a kind of yolk-shell structure
Carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Supercapacitor is a kind of typical energy storage device, and basic principle is similar to secondary cell, is had common
The incomparable high specific capacitance of battery, high power density and compared with long circulation life, since its excellent chemical property will be at
For one of the important composition of future society energy accumulating device.Really as there are mainly three types of electrode material for super capacitor,
It is carbon material, conducting polymer, metal oxide or hydroxide respectively.But these single materials due to itself the characteristics of
Chemical property is unsatisfactory, while also increasing cost and energy consumption, waste of resource.Therefore, it researchs and develops a kind of with the two
Or the composite material of three's synergistic effect is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere and preparation method thereof of yolk-shell structure, using only
Special yolk-shell structure (i.e. the gap kernel@@shell configurations are presented in Yolk-shell nanostructure), compares table since its is biggish
The functionalization of area, kernel and shell and its controllable shape characteristic, the intermediate composite material with gap of building, are filling
On the basis of the two synergistic effect is waved in distribution, the chemical property of composite material is improved.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems first is that:
A kind of preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure, comprising:
(1) polycondensation reaction method prepares monodisperse phenolic resin microspheres
Resorcinol monomer is soluble in water, it is added with stirring ammonium hydroxide, is kept for 8~12 DEG C, be added formaldehyde, reaction 20~
26h, reaction product centrifugation, washing, drying, obtains phenolic resin microspheres；
(2) preparation of phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon；
The phenolic resin microspheres that step (1) obtains are dispersed in water, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide is added, is uniformly dispersed, by positive silicic acid
Tetra-ethyl ester (TEOS) dissolve in ethanol, in 1~5s be added to it is above-mentioned containing phenolic resin, water, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide reactant
In system, be stirred to react 2~4h at 35~45 DEG C, using ethyl orthosilicate, ammonium hydroxide in phenolic resin microspheres surface modification dioxy
SiClx shell, centrifugation, washing, drying, obtains phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon；
(3) preparation of carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon；
Phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in step (2), such as 80~150mg are taken, with 4~6
DEG C/min heating rate is heated to 680~800 DEG C, 1~3h is kept the temperature, carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon is obtained；
(4) preparation of carbon ball@silica@polyaniline composite construction microballoon；
It takes carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in step (3) to be uniformly dispersed in hydrochloric acid, is uniformly divided
Dispersion liquid is added aniline monomer, separately ammonium persulfate is taken to be dissolved in hydrochloric acid, be added to dispersion liquid with the rate of addition of 4~6s/ drop
In, -2~2 DEG C of 10~14h of reaction, centrifugation, washing, drying obtain carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere；The carbon
Ball@silica composite construction microballoon, aniline monomer, ammonium persulfate formula rate be the μ of 25~35mg:45~55 L:0.10~
0.12g；Aniline monomer under ammonium persulfate initiator catalysis is easy that pure polyaniline product, institute can be obtained in solution system autohemagglutination
Must be strictly controlled reaction condition, aniline monomer is set to be adsorbed on carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon, to cause monomer
It is carbon ball@silica@polyaniline composite construction microballoon that polymerization, which obtains target product,.
(5) preparation of yolk-shell structure carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere；
Carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere obtained in step (4) is taken, is scattered in sodium hydroxide solution, institute
The formula rate for stating carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere and sodium hydroxide solution is 20~30mg:45~60mL；Often
The lower stirring of temperature, reacts 22~26h, by highly basic etching silicon dioxide, obtains the intermediate complex microsphere with gap, is centrifuged, washes
It washs, dry, obtain the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of the yolk-shell structure.
Further, as follows to the method for obtained carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere progress electrochemical property test:
(6) preparation of electrode material and electrochemical property test；
5.0~6.0mg composite material and 0.25~0.30mg polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in (5) is taken to be dispersed in together
In the N- methyl pyrrole alkanone of 100~200 μ L, ultrasound 1~2 hour makes system is evenly dispersed to form uniform black paste.Accurately
It measures the 2.0 above-mentioned slurries of μ L and is evenly coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, work electricity is made in 90~100 DEG C of dry 12~14h under vacuum
Pole.Electro-chemical test is carried out using three-electrode system at room temperature.Glass-carbon electrode (diameter 3mm) is working electrode, is saturated sweet
Mercury electrode is reference electrode, and platinized platinum is to electrode, 1M H2SO4Solution is electrolyte.Before test, working electrode is immersed in electrolyte
In 2~3h, to promote composite material to come into full contact with electrolyte.The cyclic voltammetry curve (CV) and constant current of composite material fill
Electricity-discharge curve (GCD) is tested on Shanghai Chen Hua CHI 600E work station, operating potential window be -0.2~
It is respectively 5mV/s, 10mV/s, 50mV/s and 100mV/s that 0.8V, CV, which sweep speed, and the current density of GCD is respectively 0.2A/g, 0.5A/
G, 1A/g, 5A/g and 10A/g.
In one embodiment: in the step 1), resorcinol monomer, ammonium hydroxide, formaldehyde formula rate be 1.0~1.4g:
1.8~2.2mL:3.5~4.0mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), phenolic resin microspheres, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate formula rate
For 80~110mg:1.6~2.0mL:0.8~1.2mL:0.8~1.0mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), phenolic resin microspheres being dispersed in water, and the formula rate of the two is 80
~110mg:2.8~3.0mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), in ethanol by tetraethyl orthosilicate dissolution, and the formula rate of the two is
0.8~1.0mL:4.5~5.2mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 3), the phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon being placed in porcelain boat
In, it is placed in tube furnace and carries out the heating heating and heat preservation operation.
In one embodiment: in the step 4), dispersing carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon in hydrochloric acid, and two
The formula rate of person is 25~35mg:15~25mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 4), ammonium persulfate being taken to be dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and the formula rate of the two is 0.10
~0.12g:15~25mL.
In one embodiment: in the step 4), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5~2mol/L.
In one embodiment: in the step 5), the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5~2mol/L.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), the finely dispersed mode is 25~35min of ultrasonic disperse.
In one embodiment: in the step 4), the finely dispersed mode is 25~35min of ultrasonic disperse.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems second is that:
A kind of yolk-shell structure carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere according to prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art the invention has the characteristics that:
1) carbon material itself has good electric conductivity and chemical stability, obtains having by condition control carbonization porous
Property carbon ball, specific surface area is larger, and the polyaniline shell of outer layer has good specific capacitance, provides counterfeit electricity for composite material
Hold.Intermediate slight void is conducive to provide additional free space simultaneously, reduces the delivering path of ion and charge；Be conducive to
The abundant infiltration of electrolyte increases contact of the carbon material with polyaniline, avoided in charge and discharge process the deformation of material structure with
It collapses, to give full play to the synergistic effect of the two, the performance of composite material is made to be greater than the performance of homogenous material.
2) the advantages that polymer microballoon has mild condition, and raw material is cheap, and post-processing is simple, and chemical property is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the FT-IR of intermediate product and final product, be respectively from top to bottom in figure Yolk structure C@PANI it is compound
Material (Yolk-C@PANI), PANI, phenolic resin@silicon dioxide microsphere (RF resin@SiO2)。
Fig. 2 be phenolic resin@silicon dioxide microsphere scanning electron microscope (on) and transmission electron microscope picture (under).
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (left side) and transmission electron microscope picture (right side) of the C@PANI of Yolk structure.
Fig. 4 is the composite material electrochemical property test that embodiment 2 is made: the C@PANI composite material of Yolk structure is in difference
Cyclic voltammetry curve under sweep speed.
Fig. 5 is the composite material electrochemical property test that embodiment 2 is made: the C@PANI composite material of Yolk structure is in difference
Charging and discharging curve under current density.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
(1) 1.2g resorcinol monomer is dissolved in deionized water, is poured into the 150mL three-necked flask with stirrer,
Then the ammonium hydroxide of 2.0mL is added in stirring, kept for 10 DEG C in constant temperature water bath, be eventually adding 3.8mL formalin, reacted for 24 hours,
Reaction obtains milky white liquid later, and with the multiple centrifuge washing of deionized water, vacuum drying obtains reddish Solid powder, as
Phenolic resin microspheres, it is spare.
(2) the obtained phenolic resin microspheres of 100mg (1) are dispersed in 2.9mL deionized water, 1.9mL ethyl alcohol are added,
0.9mL tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is dissolved in 5.0mL ethyl alcohol by 1.0mL ammonium hydroxide, ultrasonic disperse 30min, in 2s quickly
Addition finishes, and reaction 3h, centrifuge washing are stirred at low speed at 40 DEG C, and vacuum drying obtains blush sample, as phenolic resin@bis-
Aoxidize silicon composite structure microballoon.
(3) 90mg phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in (2) is taken uniformly to be placed in 120*60mm porcelain
It in boat, is placed in tube furnace, is heated to 700 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min heating rate, keeps the temperature 2h, obtain black powder, as carbon
Ball@silica composite construction microballoon.
(4) carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon 30mg obtained in (3) is taken to be scattered in the 1mol/L hydrochloric acid of 20mL
In, ultrasonic 30min obtains uniform dispersion, and the aniline monomer of 50 μ L is added, 0.11g ammonium persulfate is separately taken to be dissolved in 20mL's
It in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid, is added in dispersion liquid with the rate of addition of 5s/ drop, 0 DEG C of reaction 12h, centrifuge washing, is dried in vacuo, obtains
To partially blackish green sample, as carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere.
(5) carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere 25mg obtained in (4) is taken to be scattered in the hydrogen of 50mL 1mol/L
It in sodium hydroxide solution, is stirred under room temperature, for 24 hours, it is poly- that centrifuge washing is dried to obtain final product yolk-shell structure carbon ball@for reaction
Aniline complex microsphere.
(6) 5.0mg composite material and 0.25mg polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in (5) is taken to be dispersed in the N- of 100 μ L together
In methyl pyrrole alkanone, ultrasound 1 hour makes system is evenly dispersed to form uniform black paste.It is accurate to measure the 2.0 above-mentioned slurries of μ L
It is evenly coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, working electrode is made in lower 90 DEG C of vacuum dry 12h.Using three-electrode system at room temperature into
Row electro-chemical test.Glass-carbon electrode (diameter 3mm) is working electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, and platinized platinum is to electricity
Pole, 1M H2SO4Solution is electrolyte.Before test, working electrode submerges 2h in the electrolytic solution, to promote composite material and electrolyte
It comes into full contact with.The cyclic voltammetry curve (CV) and constant current charge-discharge curve (GCD) of composite material are in Shanghai Chen Hua CHI
It is tested on 600E work station.
Embodiment 2
(1) 1.0g resorcinol monomer is dissolved in deionized water, is poured into the 150mL three-necked flask with stirrer,
Then the ammonium hydroxide of 2.2mL is added in stirring, kept for 8 DEG C in constant temperature water bath, be eventually adding 4.0mL formalin, react 20h, instead
Milky white liquid should be obtained later, with the multiple centrifuge washing of deionized water, vacuum drying obtains reddish Solid powder, as phenol
Urea formaldehyde microballoon, it is spare.
(2) the obtained phenolic resin microspheres of 80mg (1) are dispersed in 2.8mL deionized water, 1.6mL ethyl alcohol are added,
0.8mL tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is dissolved in 4.5mL ethyl alcohol by 0.8mL ammonium hydroxide, ultrasonic disperse 30min, in 2s quickly
It is added, reaction 3h, centrifuge washing is stirred at low speed at 40 DEG C, vacuum drying obtains blush sample, as phenolic resin@titanium dioxide
Silicon composite structure microballoon.
(3) 80mg phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in (2) is taken uniformly to be placed in 120*60mm porcelain
It in boat, is placed in tube furnace, is heated to 800 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min heating rate, keeps the temperature 2h, obtain black powder, as carbon
Ball@silica composite construction microballoon.
(4) carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon 25mg obtained in (3) is taken to be scattered in the 1mol/L hydrochloric acid of 18ml
In, ultrasonic 30min obtains uniform dispersion, and the aniline monomer of 45 μ L is added, 0.10g ammonium persulfate is separately taken to be dissolved in 18mL's
It in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid, is added in dispersion liquid with the rate of addition of 6s/ drop, 0 DEG C of reaction 12h, centrifuge washing, is dried in vacuo, obtains
To partially blackish green sample, as carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere.
(5) carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere 20mg obtained in (4) is taken to be scattered in the hydrogen of 45mL 1mol/L
It in sodium hydroxide solution, is stirred under room temperature, for 24 hours, it is poly- that centrifuge washing is dried to obtain final product yolk-shell structure carbon ball@for reaction
Aniline complex microsphere.
(6) 6.0mg composite material and 0.30mg polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in (5) is taken to be dispersed in the N- of 120 μ L together
In methyl pyrrole alkanone, ultrasound 2 hours makes system is evenly dispersed to form uniform black paste.It is accurate to measure the 3.0 above-mentioned slurries of μ L
It is evenly coated in glassy carbon electrode surface, working electrode is made in lower 100 DEG C of vacuum dry 12h.Using three-electrode system at room temperature into
Row electro-chemical test.Glass-carbon electrode (diameter 3mm) is working electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, and platinized platinum is to electricity
Pole, 1M H2SO4Solution is electrolyte.Before test, working electrode submerges 2h in the electrolytic solution, to promote composite material and electrolyte
It comes into full contact with.The cyclic voltammetry curve (CV) and constant current charge-discharge curve (GCD) of composite material are in Shanghai Chen Hua CHI
It is tested on 600E work station.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range implemented of the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention patent range and description, should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure, it is characterised in that: include:
1) resorcinol monomer is soluble in water, it is added with stirring ammonium hydroxide, is kept for 8~12 DEG C, formaldehyde is added, reacts 20~26h,
Reaction product centrifugation, washing, drying, obtain phenolic resin microspheres；
2) phenolic resin microspheres for obtaining step 1) are dispersed in water, and ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide is added, is uniformly dispersed, by positive silicic acid four
Ethyl ester dissolve in ethanol, in 1~5s be added to it is above-mentioned containing phenolic resin, water, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide reaction system in,
35~45 DEG C are stirred to react 2~4h, and centrifugation, washing, drying obtain phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon；
3) phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in step 2) is taken, with the heating of 4~6 DEG C/min heating rate
To 680~800 DEG C, 1~3h is kept the temperature, carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon is obtained；
4) it takes carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon obtained in step 3) to be uniformly dispersed in hydrochloric acid, obtains evenly dispersed
Liquid is added aniline monomer, separately ammonium persulfate is taken to be dissolved in hydrochloric acid, be added in dispersion liquid with the rate of addition of 4~6s/ drop ,-
2~2 DEG C of 10~14h of reaction, centrifugation, washing, drying, obtain carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere；The carbon ball@bis-
Aoxidize silicon composite structure microballoon, aniline monomer, ammonium persulfate formula rate be the μ of 25~35mg:45~55 L:0.10~
0.12g；
5) carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere obtained in step 4) is taken, is scattered in sodium hydroxide solution, it is described
The formula rate of carbon ball@silica@polyaniline complex microsphere and sodium hydroxide solution is 20~30mg:45~60mL；Room temperature
Lower stirring, reacts 22~26h, and centrifugation, washing, drying obtain the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of the yolk-shell structure.
2. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 1), resorcinol monomer, ammonium hydroxide, formaldehyde formula rate be 1.0~1.4g:1.8~2.2mL:3.5~
4.0mL。
3. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 2), phenolic resin microspheres, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate formula rate be 80~110mg:1.6
~2.0mL:0.8~1.2mL:0.8~1.0mL.
4. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 2), phenolic resin microspheres are dispersed in water, and the formula rate of the two be 80~110mg:2.8~
3.0mL；In ethanol by tetraethyl orthosilicate dissolution, and the formula rate of the two is 0.8~1.0mL:4.5~5.2mL.
5. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 3), the phenolic resin@silica composite construction microballoon is placed in porcelain boat, is placed in tube furnace
Carry out the heating heating and heat preservation operation.
6. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: it in the step 4), disperses carbon ball@silica composite construction microballoon in hydrochloric acid, and the formula rate of the two is 25
~35mg:15~25mL.
7. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 4), ammonium persulfate is taken to be dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and the formula rate of the two be 0.10~0.12g:15~
25mL。
8. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 4), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5~2mol/L；In the step 5), the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5
~2mol/L.
9. the preparation method of the carbon ball@polyaniline complex microsphere of yolk-shell structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 2) and step 4), the finely dispersed mode is 25~35min of ultrasonic disperse.
10. yolk-shell structure carbon ball@prepared by a kind of preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 9 is poly-
Aniline complex microsphere.
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| CN114307984A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-12 | 南通市疾病预防控制中心 | Preparation method and application of carbon-based adsorption material |
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