CN109806703B - Dust removal device and dust removal method for dust-containing oil gas - Google Patents
Dust removal device and dust removal method for dust-containing oil gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dust removal device and a dust removal method for dust-containing oil gas, which comprise the following steps: a multi-stage cyclone separation system and a filtration type catalytic separation system; the air inlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is used for introducing oil gas containing dust, the air outlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is communicated with the air inlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and the air outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system is used for outputting clean oil gas after dust removal; the filtering material of the filtering type catalytic separation system is an inorganic membrane filtering material; the multi-stage cyclone separation system comprises a plurality of cyclone separators which are communicated in sequence; one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates are arranged in the cylinder body of each cyclone separator along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate is of a porous plate structure, and a catalyst is loaded on the surface of the catalytic sieve plate. The invention can realize the grading separation coupling synchronous catalysis of high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas, and can realize the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules while removing particle dust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of fine-particle organic matters and gas-solid separation, and particularly relates to a dust removal device and a dust removal method for dust-containing oil gas.
Background
The organic matter (such as coal and biomass) pyrolysis technology is one of important ways for high-efficiency clean resource utilization according to quality. Taking coal as an example, the coal pyrolysis technology is a core technology for clean and efficient conversion of coal, but coke powder and ash powder particles contained in oil gas in the coal pyrolysis process are one of main factors which restrict clean pyrolysis utilization of coal. In the fine coal pyrolysis, the content of particles is large, the coal pyrolysis oil is complex in composition, more than 80% of the coal pyrolysis oil belongs to aromatic compounds, the macromolecular hydrocarbon substances are easy to condense, the pyrolysis oil is easy to combine with water, carbon particles and the like, a viscous liquid substance is formed to be attached to the inner wall of a pipeline and the wall surface of related equipment, a gas transmission pipeline is blocked, a valve is clamped, the equipment is corroded, and therefore, the key for performing coal clean pyrolysis is the coke powder in the oil gas which is effectively separated.
The traditional oil-gas separation mainly comprises physical methods such as a wet method (a spraying method and a bubbling water bath method) and a dry method (a dry filtering method). At present, the multi-stage wet combined separation and cyclone separation technology is generally adopted in actual projects in China, the problems of high pollution, high energy consumption, complex subsequent treatment and the like exist, the pressure drop of a cyclone dust collector is generally high, and the dust particle collecting efficiency below 5 mu m is low, so that the common cyclone dust collector can only be used as pre-dust-removing equipment. The filtering and dust removing technology has been a research hotspot in the field of high-temperature dust removal due to less heat loss and high efficiency, but the existence of a large amount of fine coke powder in actual operation causes the high-load operation of the filtering material, so the load intensity of the filtering material is reduced, the filtering stability of the filtering material is prolonged, and the filtering and dust removing technology is a key problem to be solved in the field of coal chemical industry. In addition, pyrolysis oil gas contains a large amount of macromolecular volatile matters in the coal pyrolysis process, and the macromolecular volatile matters are easy to condense or form soot under the condition of high temperature and adhere to the surface layer of the filter material or deposit in aggregate pore channels of the filter material, so that the pressure drop of the inner layer and the outer layer of the membrane tube is increased. Therefore, the catalytic conversion of macromolecules in the pyrolysis oil gas to micromolecules becomes the key for solving the problem.
In summary, a new dust removing device and method for oil gas containing dust is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dust removal device and a dust removal method for dust-containing oil gas, so as to solve one or more technical problems. According to the invention, the multistage catalytic separation system is arranged in the incoming flow direction, so that the grading separation coupling synchronous catalysis of high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas can be realized, and the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules can be realized while particle dust is removed; the purposes of reducing the load intensity of the filter material and prolonging the filtering stability of the filter material can be achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dust collector for dusty oil gas, comprising: a multi-stage cyclone separation system and a filtration type catalytic separation system;
the air inlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is used for introducing oil gas containing dust, the air outlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is communicated with the air inlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and the air outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system is used for outputting clean oil gas after dust removal; the filtering material of the filtering type catalytic separation system is an inorganic membrane filtering material;
the multi-stage cyclone separation system comprises a plurality of cyclone separators which are communicated in sequence; one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates are arranged in the cylinder body of each cyclone separator along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate is of a porous plate structure, and a catalyst is loaded on the surface of the catalytic sieve plate; each cyclone separator is provided with a vibration motor; the vibrating motor is fixedly connected with the catalytic sieve plate, and the catalytic sieve plate can vibrate through the vibrating motor.
The invention further improves that the method also comprises the following steps: an in-situ regeneration back-flushing system; when the resistance loss of the filtering material in the filtering type catalytic separation system exceeds a preset filtering resistance loss index, the gas outlet of the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system is communicated with the gas outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and pulse back-blowing gas containing critical redox can be introduced into the filtering type catalytic separation system through the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system.
The invention is further improved in that the multi-stage cyclone separation system has more than 3 stages.
A further improvement of the invention is that in a multi-stage cyclonic separation system, each cyclone comprises: a cylinder and a catalytic sieve plate; one end of the cylinder body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the other end of the cylinder body is provided with an ash discharge port; the gas can enter the cylinder body along the tangential direction of the cylinder body through the gas inlet; one or more stages of catalytic sieve plates are obliquely arranged in the cylinder body along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate is of a porous plate structure, and active phase catalysts are loaded on two surfaces of the catalytic sieve plate; the dust discharge port is used for discharging dust; the air inlet of the first-stage cyclone separator is used as the air inlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system, the air outlet of each stage of cyclone separator except the last stage is communicated with the air inlet of the next-stage cyclone separator, and the air outlet of the last-stage cyclone separator is used as the air outlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system.
The invention has the further improvement that the two surfaces of the catalytic sieve plate are loaded with catalysts; the catalyst loaded on the surface of the catalytic sieve plate is Fe, Mn or Mg.
The further improvement of the invention is that the inorganic membrane filter material is loaded with a metal catalyst, and a cocatalyst is added at the same time; the metal catalyst loaded on the inorganic membrane filter material is Ni, Mg or Ca, and the added cocatalyst is Co or Ce.
The invention is further improved in that the pulse blowback gas contains an oxidant or a reductant under the condition of critical equivalence ratio; the oxidant is oxygen or air, and the reductant is carbon monoxide or H2O or hydrogen.
The invention discloses a dust removal method of dusty oil gas, which is based on a dust removal device and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, introducing the oil gas containing dust into a multi-stage cyclone separation system for primary particle dust filtration and catalysis to obtain cyclone dust removal purified gas; the catalyst for primary catalysis is an active phase catalyst;
The dust removal method of the invention is further improved in that the method also comprises a step 3; the used dust removal device also comprises an in-situ regeneration back-flushing system;
and 3, when the resistance loss of the filtering material in the filtering type catalytic separation system exceeds a filtering resistance loss index, introducing pulse back-blowing gas containing critical oxidation reducing agent to a gas outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system through a catalyst in-situ regeneration back-blowing system to perform back-blowing self-cleaning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the dust removing device comprises a multi-stage cyclone separation system and a filtering type catalytic separation system, wherein a catalytic sieve plate is arranged in a cyclone separator of the multi-stage cyclone separation system, and an inorganic membrane filtering material is arranged in the filtering type catalytic separation system. According to the invention, the multistage separation system is arranged in the incoming flow direction of oil gas, so that the grading separation coupling synchronous catalysis of oil gas containing dust can be realized, the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules can be realized, and the condensation of the oil gas under the condition of higher temperature can be greatly relieved; the gas-solid separation device sequentially passes through the multistage cyclone separation system and the filtering type catalytic separation system, so that two-stage high-efficiency gas-solid separation of fine particles can be realized, the load intensity of the membrane filtering material can be reduced, and the filtering stability of the membrane material can be prolonged.
The dust removal device also comprises an in-situ regeneration back-blowing system, in the process of implementing pulse back-blowing, the oxidation reduction elimination of the carbon deposit layer on the surface of the catalyst can be realized by adding an oxidant or a reducing agent in a back-blowing gas source and regulating the proportion of the oxidant or the reducing agent, and the oxidation reducing agent with the control of the critical equivalence ratio can ensure that the in-situ regeneration of the nano catalyst can be realized under the condition of not reducing the yield of combustible gas.
Furthermore, the catalytic sieve plate can vibrate through the vibration motor, so that dust attached to the sieve plate can fall off.
According to the dust removal method, the dusty oil gas to be treated sequentially passes through the multistage cyclone separation system and the filtering type catalytic separation system, and the coarse particle dust filtration and preliminary catalysis stage are carried out through the multistage catalytic sieve plate cyclone separation system, so that the dust content of the oil gas and the tar yield can be reduced; through the filtration formula catalytic separation system who disposes inorganic membrane filter material, carry out fine particles and get rid of and tar catalytic reforming stage, can further convert tar class product into micromolecular gas product, fine particles is adsorbed simultaneously and is filtered, can obtain clean oil gas. According to the invention, the multistage catalytic separation system is arranged in the incoming flow direction, so that the grading separation coupling synchronous catalysis of high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas can be realized, and the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules can be realized while particle dust is removed; the purposes of reducing the load intensity of the filter material and prolonging the filtering stability of the filter material can be achieved.
In the dust removal method, in the process of purifying oil gas by the inorganic membrane filter material, the pressure difference of the system is increased due to the fact that the surface of the inorganic membrane filter material is gradually covered by fine particles, when the resistance loss of the filter material exceeds the filter resistance loss index, pulse back-flushing gas containing critical redox agents is introduced into a gas outlet of a filter type catalytic separation system through a catalyst in-situ regeneration back-flushing system for back-flushing self-cleaning, particle layers on the outer surface are blown down, meanwhile, the redox agents decompose plugs attached to the surface of the catalyst on the inner surface, the catalyst is subjected to in-situ regeneration, and the catalyst is prevented from being inactivated in the using process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of gas-solid fractionation and catalysis combined with oxygen-blowing back for coal low-temperature pyrolysis oil gas in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for removing dust from high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a cyclone in the dust removing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a catalytic sieve plate of the present invention;
in fig. 1 to 4, a first hopper 1; a cylinder body 2; a catalytic sieve plate 3; an air inlet 4 of the multi-stage cyclonic separation system; an air inlet 6 of the filtered catalytic separation system; the gas outlet 7 of the filtration catalytic separation system; a ceramic catalytic filter material 8; a second hopper 9; the motor 10 is vibrated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are only illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a dust removal system for high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas in heat treatment of fine-particle organic matters, which comprises the following parts: the system comprises a continuous feeding system, a high-temperature heat treatment system, a multistage cyclone separation system comprising a catalytic sieve plate, a filtering type catalytic separation system, a catalyst in-situ regeneration back-flushing system, a condensation system and an ash hopper ash discharging system.
The continuous feeding system and the high-temperature heat treatment system are used for heat treatment conversion of organic matters to generate high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas; the generated dust-containing oil gas sequentially passes through a multi-stage cyclone separation system, a filtering type catalytic separation system, a condensation system and an ash bucket ash discharge system.
Referring to fig. 1, the number of stages of the multi-stage cyclone separation system of the present invention is above 3, and the following takes a three-stage cyclone separation system as an example to further explain the technical solution of the present invention in detail, and the dust removing device for oil gas containing dust of the present invention comprises: three-stage cyclone separation system, filtering type catalytic separation system and in-situ regeneration back-flushing system.
The air inlet of the three-stage cyclone separation system is used for introducing oil gas containing dust, the air outlet of the three-stage cyclone separation system is communicated with the air inlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and the air outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system is used for outputting clean oil gas after dust removal; the filtering material of the filtering type catalytic separation system is an inorganic membrane filtering material. The inorganic membrane filter material is loaded with a metal catalyst, and a cocatalyst is added at the same time; the metal catalyst loaded on the inorganic membrane filter material is Ni, Mg or Ca, and the added cocatalyst is Co or Ce.
The tertiary cyclonic separation system comprises: the first-stage cyclone separator, the second-stage cyclone separator and the third-stage cyclone separator.
The air inlet of the first-stage cyclone separator is the air inlet of the three-stage cyclone separation system, the air outlet of the first-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the air inlet of the second-stage cyclone separator, the air outlet of the second-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the air inlet of the third-stage cyclone separator, and the air outlet of the third-stage cyclone separator is used as the air outlet of the three-stage cyclone separation system.
Each stage of cyclone separator comprises: the device comprises a cylinder body 2, a first ash hopper 1 and a catalytic sieve plate 3; one end of the cylinder body 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the other end is provided with an ash discharge port; the gas can enter the cylinder body 2 along the tangential direction of the cylinder body 2 through the gas inlet; one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates 3 are obliquely arranged in the cylinder body 2 along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate 3 is a porous plate structure, active phase catalysts are loaded on two surfaces of the catalytic sieve plate 3, and the catalysts can be Fe, Mn or Mg; the ash discharge port is used for discharging dust and communicated with the first ash hopper 1. The vibration motor 10 is fixedly connected with the catalysis sieve plate 3, and the catalysis sieve plate 3 can vibrate through the vibration motor 10.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in particular, each stage of the cyclone dust collector includes: the device comprises an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a cylinder body 2, a cone, a catalytic sieve plate 3, a vibration motor 10, an ash discharge valve and a first ash bucket 1; an air inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the upper part of the cylinder body 2, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the center of the upper part of the cylinder body, a cone is arranged on the lower part of the cylinder body 2, and an ash discharge valve is arranged on the lower part of the cone; the inner wall of the cylinder body is fixedly provided with one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates 3, and the catalytic sieve plates 3 are fixedly connected with a vibration motor 10; the catalytic sieve plate 3 is a porous plate structure and is obliquely arranged along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the edge of the lower end of the catalytic sieve plate 3 is provided with a notch; a hole A is arranged on the catalytic sieve plate 3 on an axis vertical to the center of the exhaust pipe, and the aperture of the hole A is smaller than the pipe diameter of the exhaust pipe; a plurality of sieve pores are arranged on the catalytic sieve plate, and the pore diameter of each sieve pore increases from inside to outside; the upper surface and the lower surface of the catalytic sieve plate are coated with high-temperature-resistant alumina coating, and iron, cobalt or nickel is loaded on the catalytic sieve plate. The included angle between the catalytic sieve plate 3 and the horizontal plane is between 5 and 60 degrees. The catalytic sieve plate is provided with holes A for exhausting; the axis of the exhaust port passes through the center of the hole A; the diameter of the hole A is smaller than that of the air inlet of the exhaust pipe; the sieve holes B, C, D, E on the catalytic sieve plate 3 have increasing diameters radiating from the center of the hole a to the edge of the catalytic sieve plate, i.e. from the inside to the outside along the L-axis. The distance between the edge of the lower end of the catalytic sieve plate 3 and the inner wall of the cylinder is 0.5cm-10 cm. The upper surface and the lower surface of the catalytic sieve plate 3 are coated by high-temperature resistant alumina paint.
When the resistance loss of the filtering material in the filtering type catalytic separation system exceeds a preset filtering resistance loss index, the gas outlet of the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system is communicated with the gas outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and pulse back-blowing gas containing critical redox can be introduced into the filtering type catalytic separation system through the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system. The pulse back blowing gas contains an oxidant or a reducing agent under the condition of critical equivalence ratio; the oxidant is oxygen or air, and the reductant is carbon monoxide or H2O or hydrogen.
Referring to fig. 2, the dust removal process and method for the high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas in the heat treatment of the fine-particle organic matter of the present invention are based on the above dust removal system, and the operation steps are as follows:
(1) organic matters enter a high-temperature heat treatment system through a continuous feeding system to generate high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas, then the high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas enters a multi-stage catalytic sieve plate cyclone separation system to perform coarse particle dust filtration and preliminary catalytic stages, the dust content and tar yield of the oil gas are reduced, and the obtained cyclone dust removal purified gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the separation system;
(2) the cyclone dust removal purified gas directly enters a filtering type catalytic separation system provided with an inorganic membrane filter material to carry out fine particulate matter removal and tar catalytic reforming stages, the tar products are further converted into small molecular gas products, meanwhile, the fine particulate matters are adsorbed and filtered, the obtained clean oil gas enters a condensation system to carry out oil-gas separation, and finally clean fuel gas and high-quality product oil are obtained;
(3) in the process of purifying oil gas by the inorganic membrane filtering material, the pressure difference of the system is increased because the surface is gradually covered by fine particles, when the resistance loss of the filtering material exceeds the filtering resistance loss index, pulse back-flushing gas containing critical oxidation reducing agent is introduced into a gas outlet of the filtering type catalytic separation system through the catalyst in-situ regeneration back-flushing system to carry out back-flushing self-cleaning, a particle layer on the outer surface is blown off, and the trapped dust particles adsorbed on the filtering type catalytic separation material fall to the lower end of the filtering type catalytic separation system under the action of back-flushing gas and are discharged by the ash hopper ash discharging system; meanwhile, the redox agent decomposes the plug attached to the surface of the catalyst on the inner surface, and the catalyst is regenerated in situ, so that the catalyst is prevented from being inactivated in the using process.
In step (1), the multistage catalysis sieve plate cyclone separation system is generally set to be more than three levels, an inclined vibrating sieve plate is arranged in each cyclone separation part, and when high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas passes through the sieve plate, coarse-grain-diameter dust particles can be enriched on the surface of the sieve plate, slide to the lower end of the cyclone separation part under the vibrating action, and are discharged along with an ash hopper ash discharge system. Specifically, the material of the inclined rapping type catalytic sieve plate 3 is a high-temperature and high-dust resistant metal material (such as a steel plate), the surface of the inclined rapping type catalytic sieve plate is roughened, and meanwhile, a high-temperature and high-dust resistant metal catalyst is loaded, wherein the high-temperature and high-dust resistant metal catalyst is generally an active phase catalyst such as Fe, Mn, Mg and the like. One end of the sieve plate is fixed inside the cylinder body 2 of the cyclone separator through a mechanical fastener, and the other end of the sieve plate is subjected to high-frequency rapping under the action of an external vibrating motor 10. When high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas passes through the sieve plate part, coarse particle size dust particles can be enriched on the surface of the sieve plate and slide to the low end of the cyclone separation system under the action of vibration, and the coarse particle size dust particles which are vibrated and fall to the low end of the cyclone separation system are discharged through the dust hopper dust discharging system.
The inorganic filter material used in the filtering catalytic separator in the step (2) is generally ceramic material, metal material or other high temperature resistant material, and when the cyclone dust removal purified gas passes through the ceramic filter material, the dust particles with small particle size are adsorbed on the ceramic filter material. Specifically, ceramic is a high-temperature dust removal filtering material which is most widely applied due to the porous characteristic, excellent thermal stability and chemical stability of the ceramic, metal catalysts such as Ni, Mg, Ca and the like are mainly loaded on the ceramic material, and the problems of easy carbon deposition, easy sintering and the like of the catalyst at high temperature are solved by adding promoters such as Co and Ce metal catalysts.
The pulse back blowing in the step (3) comprises an oxidant (oxygen, air) or a reducing agent (carbon monoxide, H) under the condition of critical equivalence ratio2O, hydrogen) and pulse back-blowing gas can blow off the particles adsorbed on the ceramic filter material and discharge the particles along with an ash hopper ash discharge system; meanwhile, the internal redox agent contained in the pulse gas can eliminate the plug (such as carbon deposition) attached to the surface of the nano catalyst, and the redox agent with critical equivalence ratio can ensure that the in-situ regeneration of the nano catalyst can be achieved under the condition of not reducing the yield of combustible gas. The critical equivalence ratio and the back-blowing frequency need to be tested and determined according to different catalyst conditions.
The dust removal method of the embodiment of the invention can achieve the following effects: in the multi-stage cyclone separation part, part of macromolecular tar products are converted into micromolecular gas products under the action of a catalyst, and the conversion rate of the tar at the stage is 20-40%; in the filtering catalytic separation system, the tar products are completely converted into micromolecular gas products under the action of the catalyst, and the conversion rate of the tar at the stage is 80-99.99%.
In summary, aiming at the defects and problems of the prior art, the invention provides a dust removal process and a method for heat treatment of high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas by fine-particle organic matters, a multistage catalytic separation system is arranged in the incoming flow direction to realize the stage separation coupling synchronous catalysis of the high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas, so that the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules is hopefully realized, the condensation of the oil gas under the higher temperature condition is greatly relieved, the two-stage high-efficiency gas-solid separation of fine particles is realized, the purposes of reducing the load intensity of a filter material and prolonging the filter stability of the filter material are further achieved, the dust removal rate of pyrolysis oil gas can be up to 99.99%, and the tar conversion rate can be up to 99.99. In the process of implementing pulse back flushing, the invention realizes the oxidation reduction elimination of the carbon deposit layer on the surface of the catalyst by adding the oxidant or the reducing agent in the back flushing gas source and regulating the proportion of the oxidant or the reducing agent, and the oxidation reducing agent with the control of the critical equivalence ratio can ensure that the in-situ regeneration of the nano catalyst can be achieved under the condition of not reducing the yield of combustible gas. The invention combines the advantages of oil-gas fractional separation catalysis, catalyst and carbon deposit removal by oxygen-blowing back blowing to obtain a dust removal process and method which integrates gas particulate removal and tar catalytic conversion and is suitable for high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas heat treatment of fine-particle organic matters.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further described in detail below by taking low-temperature pyrolysis of low-rank coal as an example. The invention relates to a dust removal method of dusty oil gas, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the low-rank coal is subjected to medium-low temperature pyrolysis through a pyrolysis furnace to generate 500-plus 800 ℃ high-temperature high-dust-content pyrolysis oil gas, the oil gas enters a three-level catalytic sieve plate cyclone separator through an air inlet of a first-level catalytic sieve plate cyclone separator to perform large particle filtering and preliminary catalytic stages, fly ash and dust particles with the particle size of more than 5 microns are collected, meanwhile, a macromolecular gas product is converted to a micromolecular gas product under the catalytic condition, the tar yield is reduced, the synthesis gas yield is improved, the obtained cyclone dust removal purified gas is discharged from an air outlet of the separator, an inclined vibrating catalytic sieve plate 3 is arranged in a cylinder body 2 of the three-level catalytic sieve plate cyclone separator, mechanical vibration is performed under the action of an external vibration motor 10, and the enriched particles are dropped into a first ash bucket 1;
(2) the cyclone dust removal purified gas directly enters a filter type catalytic separation system provided with a ceramic catalytic filter material 8 to carry out fine particle removal and tar catalytic reforming stages, particles with the particle size of 1-5 mu m are collected, tar can be converted and reformed when the clean tar-containing pyrolysis gas passes through the ceramic catalytic filter material 8, and finally clean pyrolysis gas with small ash content, low tar content and high gas quality is obtained at the gas outlet of the filter type catalytic separator;
(3) when the resistance loss of the filtering material exceeds the filtering resistance loss index, oxygen is added into a back-blowing gas source and the proportion of the oxygen is regulated to realize the oxidation elimination of the carbon deposit layer on the surface of the ceramic catalytic filtering material 8, so that the in-situ regeneration of the ceramic nano catalyst is realized, the blockage and inactivation of the catalyst pore channel are avoided, the regulation of the oxygen equivalent rate and the back-blowing frequency are crucial because the pyrolysis produced gas is a reducing atmosphere, and simultaneously, under the action of pulse back-blowing gas, dust particles adsorbed on the ceramic catalytic filtering material 8 fall to the second ash hopper 9 for collection.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a dust removal process and a method suitable for high-temperature and high-dust oil gas in heat treatment of fine-particle organic matters, and the process comprises the following steps: high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas enters a multi-stage catalytic sieve plate cyclone separation system to carry out coarse particle dust filtration and preliminary catalytic stage, the dust content and tar yield of the oil gas are reduced, then the oil gas directly enters a filter type catalytic separation system provided with an inorganic membrane filter material to carry out fine particle removal and tar catalytic reforming stage, tar products are further converted into small molecular gas products, meanwhile, the fine particles are adsorbed and filtered, and finally clean oil gas is obtained; the pulse back-blowing gas contains critical oxidation reducing agent, can blow off the particle layer on the outer surface of the filter material, simultaneously eliminates the plug attached to the surface of the catalyst on the inner surface, and carries out in-situ regeneration on the catalyst under the condition of not reducing the yield of combustible gas. The invention combines the advantages of oil-gas fractional separation catalysis, catalyst and carbon deposit removal by oxygen-blowing back blowing to obtain a dust removal process and method which integrates gas particulate removal and tar catalytic conversion and is suitable for high-temperature high-dust-content oil gas heat treatment of fine-particle organic matters. The multistage catalytic separation system is arranged in the incoming flow direction, so that the staged separation coupling synchronous catalysis of high-temperature and high-dust-content oil gas is realized, the conversion of oil gas macromolecule volatile matters to micromolecules is hopefully realized, the condensation of the oil gas under the condition of higher temperature is greatly relieved, the two-stage high-efficiency gas-solid separation of fine particles is realized, the purposes of reducing the load intensity of a filtering material and prolonging the filtering stability of the filtering material are further achieved, the dust removal rate of pyrolysis oil gas is up to 99.99%, and the tar conversion rate is up to 99.99%.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a dust collector of dirty oil gas which characterized in that includes: a multi-stage cyclone separation system and a filtration type catalytic separation system;
the air inlet (4) of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is used for introducing oil gas containing dust, the air outlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is communicated with the air inlet (6) of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and the air outlet (7) of the filtering type catalytic separation system is used for outputting clean oil gas after dust removal; the filtering material of the filtering type catalytic separation system is an inorganic membrane filtering material;
the multi-stage cyclone separation system comprises a plurality of cyclone separators which are communicated in sequence; one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates (3) are arranged in the cylinder body (2) of each cyclone separator along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate (3) is of a porous plate structure, and the surface of the catalytic sieve plate (3) is loaded with a catalyst; each cyclone separator is provided with a vibration motor (10); the vibrating motor (10) is fixedly connected with the catalytic sieve plate (3), and the catalytic sieve plate (3) can vibrate through the vibrating motor (10).
2. The dust removing device for dusty oil and gas of claim 1, further comprising: an in-situ regeneration back-flushing system;
when the resistance loss of the filtering material in the filtering type catalytic separation system exceeds a preset filtering resistance loss index, the gas outlet of the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system is communicated with the gas outlet (7) of the filtering type catalytic separation system, and pulse back-blowing gas containing critical redox can be introduced into the filtering type catalytic separation system through the in-situ regeneration back-blowing system.
3. The dust removing device for dust-containing oil gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the stages of the multi-stage cyclone separation system is more than 3.
4. The dust removing device for oil and gas containing dust of claim 1, wherein in the multi-stage cyclone separation system, each cyclone comprises: a cylinder (2) and a catalytic sieve plate (3); one end of the cylinder body (2) is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the other end is provided with an ash discharge port; the gas can enter the cylinder (2) along the tangential direction of the cylinder (2) through the gas inlet; one-stage or multi-stage catalytic sieve plates (3) are obliquely arranged in the cylinder body (2) along the tangential direction of the rotating airflow; the catalytic sieve plate (3) is of a porous plate structure, and active phase catalysts are loaded on the two surfaces of the catalytic sieve plate (3); the dust discharge port is used for discharging dust; the air inlet of the first-stage cyclone separator is used as the air inlet (4) of the multi-stage cyclone separation system, the air outlet of each stage of cyclone separator except the last stage is communicated with the air inlet of the next-stage cyclone separator, and the air outlet of the last-stage cyclone separator is used as the air outlet of the multi-stage cyclone separation system.
5. The dust removing device for dusty oil gas according to claim 1, characterized in that both surfaces of the catalytic sieve plate (3) are loaded with catalyst; the catalyst loaded on the surface of the catalytic sieve plate (3) is Fe, Mn or Mg.
6. The dust removing device for dusty oil gas according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic membrane filter material is loaded with a metal catalyst, and a cocatalyst is added; the metal catalyst loaded on the inorganic membrane filter material is Ni, Mg or Ca, and the added cocatalyst is Co or Ce.
7. The dust removing device for dusty oil gas according to claim 2, wherein the pulse blowback gas contains an oxidant or a reductant under the condition of critical equivalence ratio; the oxidant is oxygen or air, and the reductant is carbon monoxide or H2O or hydrogen.
8. The dust removing method for the dust-containing oil gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, introducing the oil gas containing dust into a multi-stage cyclone separation system for primary particle dust filtration and primary catalysis to obtain cyclone dust removal purified gas; the catalyst for primary catalysis is an active phase catalyst;
step 2, introducing the cyclone dust removal purified gas into a filtering type catalytic separation system provided with an inorganic membrane filter material to carry out secondary particle dust filtration and tar catalytic reforming to obtain clean oil gas; the catalyst used for catalytic reforming of tar comprises a metal catalyst and a cocatalyst.
9. The method for removing dust from oil and gas containing dust of claim 8, further comprising step 3;
the used dust removal device also comprises an in-situ regeneration back-flushing system;
and 3, when the resistance loss of the filtering material in the filtering type catalytic separation system exceeds a filtering resistance loss index, introducing pulse back-flushing gas containing critical oxidation and reduction agents into a gas outlet (7) of the filtering type catalytic separation system through a catalyst in-situ regeneration back-flushing system to perform back-flushing self-cleaning.
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