Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation test method and a simulation test system for a valve control device, which can effectively realize the problem of comprehensively and deeply testing the functions of a valve control system, and further effectively improve the simulation test and the level of a direct current control protection system.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation test method for a valve control device, including:
receiving a test signal sent by a monitoring host;
responding to the test signal, judging a first running state of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system according to first simulation running information sent by the digital real-time simulator, and generating a first trigger pulse signal;
sending the first trigger pulse signal to a valve control system so that the valve control system can process a first running state of a valve plate of the converter station;
and sending the first trigger pulse signal to the monitoring host to enable the monitoring host to monitor the direct-current power transmission system.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the determining, in response to the test signal, a first operating state of a valve plate of a converter station in the dc power transmission system according to first simulation operation information sent by the digital real-time simulator to generate a first trigger pulse signal specifically includes:
the digital real-time simulator simulates according to the first running state sent by the converter station control protection device to obtain first simulated running information and sends the first simulated running information to the valve module simulation board card; the first simulation operation information comprises voltage information of a valve plate of the converter station;
and the valve module simulation board card judges the on-off state of the valve plate according to the first simulation operation information to generate the first trigger pulse signal.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the method further comprises a step of judging the on-off state of the valve plate:
the first trigger pulse signal comprises a first pulse signal, a second pulse signal and a third pulse signal;
according to the voltage information of the valve plate, when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be reverse voltage, judging whether the valve plate is in a turn-off state; if so, sending the first pulse signal to the valve control system;
as an improvement of the above, the method further includes the step of generating the second pulse signal and the third pulse signal:
the test signal comprises a preset electrical quantity parameter;
when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be forward voltage, judging whether the valve plate meets a preset conduction requirement; if so, sending the second pulse signal to the valve control system;
and when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be the forward voltage larger than the preset electrical quantity parameter, the preset conduction requirement is met, and the valve plate is in a turn-off state, the third pulse signal is sent to the valve control system.
Further, the sending the first trigger pulse signal to a valve control system so that the valve control system processes the first operating state of the valve plate of the converter station includes:
when the valve control system receives the first pulse signal and the third pulse signal, a fourth pulse signal is generated and sent to the valve module simulation board card, so that the valve module simulation board card determines that the valve plate of the converter station is in the recovery period after being turned off.
Further, the method also comprises the processing step of the bridge arm simulation board card:
receiving the test signal sent by the monitoring host;
responding to the test signal, judging a second running state of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system according to second simulation running information sent by the digital real-time simulator, and generating a second trigger pulse signal;
sending the second trigger pulse signal to the valve control system so that the valve control system processes a second running state of a valve plate of the converter station;
and sending the second trigger pulse signal to the monitoring host to enable the monitoring host to monitor the direct-current power transmission system.
Further, the monitoring host monitors the dc power transmission system, specifically:
the signal acquisition device obtains a signal to be monitored according to the received first running state, the second running state, the first simulation running information, the second simulation running information, the first trigger pulse signal, the second trigger pulse signal and the fourth pulse signal; the second operation state is generated by the working state of a converter station in the direct current transmission system, the second analog operation signal is generated by the digital real-time simulation device after simulating the second operation state, the second trigger pulse signal is generated by a bridge arm analog board card after judging the second operation state, and the fourth pulse signal is generated by the valve control system after responding to the first trigger pulse signal and the third pulse signal;
the signal acquisition device sends the signal to be monitored to a wave recording device for wave recording analysis processing to obtain a processed signal to be monitored, and sends the processed signal to be monitored to the monitoring host;
and the monitoring host monitors the direct current power transmission system according to the processed signal to be monitored.
Another embodiment of the present invention correspondingly provides a simulation test system for a valve control device, including: the system comprises a valve module simulation plate block for simulating and testing valve control, a bridge arm simulation board card for simulating and testing bridge arm valve control, a monitoring host for sending test signals and monitoring, a digital real-time simulator, an RTDS simulation signal rapid processing interface card, an optical fiber input and output board card connected with valve control equipment, a valve control system, a converter station control protection device, a signal acquisition device and a wave recording device; the digital real-time simulator is connected with the valve module simulation plate and the bridge arm simulation board card through the RTDS simulation signal rapid processing interface card, the valve control system is connected with the valve module simulation plate and the bridge arm simulation board card through the optical fiber input and output board card connected with the valve control device, and the optical fiber input and output board card connected with the valve control device is connected with the valve control system through an optical fiber.
As an improvement of the scheme, the valve module simulation board and the bridge ARM simulation board card comprise expandable processors, and the expandable processors comprise ARM hardcores for simulation and test and programmable logic devices for communication data processing; the programmable logic device is used for realizing a network interface and a backboard data bus interface.
Compared with the prior art, the simulation test method for the valve control device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the test signal sent by the monitoring host is received, the first operation state of the valve plate of the converter station in the direct current transmission system is judged according to the first simulation operation information sent by the digital real-time simulator in response to the test signal, the first trigger pulse signal is generated and sent to the valve control system, so that the valve control system processes the first operation state of the valve plate of the converter station, the first trigger pulse signal is sent to the monitoring host, so that the monitoring host monitors the direct current transmission system, and the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card are adopted to realize the simulation refinement of the valve control function to the valve plate level, improve the test accuracy of the valve control system, and effectively realize the comprehensive performance and the comprehensive performance of the valve control system, The method solves the problem of deep test, and further effectively improves the simulation test and level of the direct current control protection system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic flow chart of a simulation testing method for a valve control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:
and S110, receiving a test signal sent by the monitoring host.
Specifically, the test signal includes preset current and voltage parameters of the monitoring host to the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card, fixed value setting of valve control related logic is achieved, and if the preset voltage parameters judge an on or off state according to voltage information of the valve module simulation board card to the converter station valve plate, a trigger signal is sent. The monitoring host needs to modify the fixed value of the complementary pulse logic and modify the fixed value of the related function of the interface RPU.
And S120, responding to the test signal, judging a first running state of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system according to first simulation running information sent by the digital real-time simulator, and generating a first trigger pulse signal.
Specifically, the digital real-time simulator simulates according to the first running state sent by the converter station control protection device to obtain the first simulated running information, and sends the first simulated running information to the valve module simulation board card; the first simulation operation information comprises voltage information of a valve plate of the converter station;
and the valve module simulation board card judges the on-off state of the valve plate according to the first simulation operation information to generate the first trigger pulse signal.
It can be understood that the first operating state is operating information of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system, such as current and voltage information and fault information; the first simulation operation information is voltage information of a converter station valve plate, the voltage information is subjected to simulation detection by a digital real-time simulator according to the received first operation state, and generated detection voltage information is sent to a valve module simulation board card.
S130, sending the first trigger pulse signal to a valve control system so that the valve control system can process a first running state of a valve plate of the converter station;
and S140, sending the first trigger pulse signal to the monitoring host to enable the monitoring host to monitor the direct current power transmission system.
The monitoring host can realize on-line monitoring of related valve control logic and collect running state data of all equipment in the direct current transmission valve control device simulation system.
Preferably, the first trigger pulse signal in step S120 includes a first pulse signal, a second pulse signal and a third pulse signal.
And S120, after the simulation board card of the valve module performs simulation judgment on the running state of the valve plate, feeding back a trigger pulse signal to the valve control system. The valve module simulation board card can simulate the functions of monitoring and bed triggering of the TVM board, and can send pulses with three different pulse widths to the valve control system through the optical fiber input and output board card to completely simulate the return inspection signals of the TVM board for feeding back the state of the valve block.
Specifically, according to the voltage information of the valve plate, when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be reverse voltage, whether the valve plate is in a turn-off state is judged; and if so, sending the first pulse signal to the valve control system.
Specifically, when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be a forward voltage, whether the valve plate meets a preset conduction requirement is judged; if so, sending the second pulse signal to the valve control system;
specifically, when the voltage information of the valve plate is detected to be a forward voltage larger than the preset electrical parameter, the preset conduction requirement is met, and the valve plate is in a turn-off state, the third pulse signal is sent to the valve control system.
The conduction requirement is a preset value of forward voltage, and when the forward voltage of the valve plate is detected to be larger than the preset value, the valve plate can be judged to be switched on. The first pulse signal is generated after the valve sheet is judged to be in the turn-off state, the second pulse signal is generated after the valve sheet is judged to be capable of being turned on, and the third pulse signal is generated after the valve sheet is judged to be turned on due to overvoltage protection.
For example, by monitoring the reverse voltage on the valve plate, it is determined whether the thyristor valve plate has been turned off. If it has been switched off, a pulse of duration 2us (i.e. the first pulse signal) is sent to the valve control system. Whether the silicon controlled valve plate can be opened or not is judged by monitoring the forward voltage, and if the silicon controlled valve plate can be opened, a pulse of 6us (namely a second pulse signal) is sent to the valve control system. Whether the silicon controlled valve plate which is not turned on but is turned on due to overvoltage protection is judged by monitoring the higher forward voltage. If so, a pulse of 12us duration (i.e., a third pulse signal) is sent to the valve control system.
Further, when the valve control system receives the first pulse signal and the third pulse signal, a fourth pulse signal is generated and sent to the valve module simulation board card, so that the valve module simulation board card determines that the converter station is currently in a recovery period after being turned off.
It can be understood that the valve module analog board card can simulate a backup trigger function of an RPU (recovery period protection unit) board, and can receive, analyze and execute an instruction sent by the valve control system, for example, during a shutdown period, the valve control system sends a pulse (i.e., a fourth pulse signal) with a duration of 1.3ms, and the valve module analog board card receives the pulse and confirms that the pulse is in a recovery period after the thyristor is turned off at this time.
Furthermore, the valve module simulation board card can also simulate the function of an MSC, can receive, analyze and execute a trigger signal sent by the valve control system, and can feed back an optical emission monitoring signal to the valve control system.
Preferably, the signal acquisition device obtains a signal to be monitored according to the received first running state, the received first simulation running information, the received first trigger pulse signal and the received fourth pulse signal; the second operation state is generated by the working state of a converter station in the direct current transmission system, the second analog operation signal is generated by the digital real-time simulation device after simulating the second operation state, the second trigger pulse signal is generated by a bridge arm analog board card after judging the second operation state, and the fourth pulse signal is generated by the valve control system after responding to the first trigger pulse signal and the third pulse signal;
the signal acquisition device sends the signal to be monitored to a wave recording device for wave recording analysis processing to obtain a processed signal to be monitored, and sends the processed signal to be monitored to the monitoring host;
and the monitoring host monitors the direct current power transmission system according to the processed signal to be monitored. The wave recording device can record related signals of the valve control device, related signals sent by the RTDS and related polar control signals and has a wave recording analysis function. The collected operating data includes fault signals of the valve module, ac system voltage, dc unlock lock signal, trigger pulse signal, etc.
The simulation test method for the valve control device provided by the embodiment of the invention judges the first running state of the valve plate of the converter station in the direct current transmission system according to the first simulation running information sent by the digital real-time simulator by receiving the test signal sent by the monitoring host, responds to the test signal, generates the first trigger pulse signal, sends the first trigger pulse signal to the valve control system so that the valve control system processes the first running state of the valve plate of the converter station, sends the first trigger pulse signal to the monitoring host so that the monitoring host monitors the direct current transmission system, adopts the valve module to simulate the board card to realize the simulation refinement of the valve control function to the valve plate level, improves the test accuracy of the valve control system, and can effectively realize the problem of comprehensively and deeply testing the function of the valve control system, and further effectively improve the simulation test and level of the direct current control protection system.
On the basis of the simulation test of the valve module simulation board card, the method further comprises the execution steps of the bridge arm simulation board card:
receiving the test signal sent by the monitoring host;
responding to the test signal, judging a second running state of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system according to second simulation running information sent by the digital real-time simulator, and generating a second trigger pulse signal;
sending the second trigger pulse signal to the valve control system so that the valve control system processes a second running state of a valve plate of the converter station;
and sending the second trigger pulse signal to the monitoring host to enable the monitoring host to monitor the direct-current power transmission system.
It can be understood that each bridge arm in the direct current transmission system is composed of a plurality of valve plates, and each valve plate has a single trigger pulse. The simulation test method of the bridge arm simulation board card is similar to that of the valve module simulation board card. The second operation state is an operation state of a valve plate of a converter station in the direct current transmission system, such as current and voltage information and fault information. And the second analog operation information is voltage information generated after the digital real-time simulator carries out analog detection according to the received second operation state. The second trigger pulse signal is a trigger signal generated after the bridge arm simulation board card processes the second simulation operation information, and is used for feeding back the operation state of the bridge arm to the valve control system.
The valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card are consistent in transmitted signal and field, including but not limited to signal path number, signal magnitude amplitude and the like, and can adapt to testing of a converter station and converter station valve control equipment.
The signal acquisition device obtains a signal to be monitored according to the received second running state, the second simulation running information and the second trigger pulse signal; the second operation state is generated by the working state of a converter station in the direct current transmission system, the second analog operation signal is generated by the digital real-time simulation device after simulating the second operation state, and the second trigger pulse signal is generated by the bridge arm analog board card after judging the second operation state;
the signal acquisition device sends the signal to be monitored to a wave recording device for wave recording analysis processing to obtain a processed signal to be monitored, and sends the processed signal to be monitored to the monitoring host;
and the monitoring host monitors the direct current power transmission system according to the processed signal to be monitored.
It can be understood that the monitoring host can realize the functions of monitoring and setting related parameters and fixed values of the valve module simulation board card, the bridge arm simulation board card and the like.
According to the simulation test method for the valve control device, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the simulation refinement of the valve control function to the valve plate level is realized by adopting the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card, the running state of the valve plate and the running state of the bridge arm are reflected, the test accuracy of the valve control system is improved, the problem of comprehensively and deeply testing the function of the valve control system can be effectively realized, and the simulation test and the level of the direct-current control protection system are further effectively improved.
Referring to fig. 2, it is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test system for a valve control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: the system comprises a valve module simulation plate block for simulating and testing valve control, a bridge arm simulation board card for simulating and testing bridge arm valve control, a monitoring host for sending test signals and monitoring, a digital real-time simulator, an RTDS simulation signal rapid processing interface card, an optical fiber input and output board card connected with valve control equipment, a valve control system, a converter station control protection device, a signal acquisition device and a wave recording device; the digital real-time simulator is connected with the valve module simulation plate and the bridge arm simulation board card through the RTDS simulation signal rapid processing interface card, the valve control system is connected with the valve module simulation plate and the bridge arm simulation board card through the optical fiber input and output board card connected with the valve control device, and the optical fiber input and output board card connected with the valve control device is connected with the valve control system through an optical fiber.
Further, the valve module simulation board and the bridge ARM simulation board card comprise expandable processors, and the expandable processors comprise ARM hardcores for simulation and test and editable devices for communication data processing; the editable device comprises an ADC interface, a network interface and a backboard data bus interface.
The signal acquisition device realizes acquisition and conversion of related signals and can realize acquisition and conversion of digital real-time simulators, valve module simulation board cards, bridge arm simulation board cards and valve control signals. And the signal acquisition device transmits the acquisition amount to the wave recording device. The signal acquisition device needs to meet the following requirements: firstly, the measurement ranges of the analog quantity channel are respectively as follows: the AC/DC voltage range is within +/-15V. The alternating current frequency is 5Hz to 10 kHz. Second, switching value channel: a passive contact. Thirdly, the precision requirement is as follows: alternating voltage is +/-0.2%, and direct current channel is +/-0.5%. The frequency is 0.005 Hz. The resolution of the switching value is 1 us. The timing precision is 24 hours, and the error is +/-100 ms. Fourth, AD conversion accuracy: 16 bits. The sampling frequency is not lower than 50 kHz. Fifthly, the number of analog quantity channels is not less than 96, and the number of switching quantity channels is not less than 256.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, the diagram is an architecture diagram of a valve module analog board card according to an embodiment of the present invention, and includes: the PS part of the expandable processor is an ARM hard core, a uC/OS II real-time operating system is operated, the ARM hard core is connected with a clock power supply module, the clock power supply module is used for providing power supply and sending clock signals to the ARM hard core, and the expandable processor is mainly used for simulating the logic of a TVM board monitoring function and an MSC function. The PL part of the expandable processor comprises an analog/digital conversion chip ADC interface, a network interface and a backboard data bus interface; the ADC interface is used for receiving the analog signal sent by the RTDS and converting the analog signal into a digital signal, so that the ARM can generate a proper TVM board monitoring signal and an MSC function signal. The RJ45 network port is connected to the monitoring host, is used for communicating with the monitoring host, and is mainly used for receiving signals such as a fault trigger signal, a fixed value setting, and a mode switching signal sent by the monitoring host.
Wherein, the DC power supply equipment system produces the DC power supply by oneself and supplies the relevant interface card to use. The input power supply is 220V alternating current, and the direct current required by relevant equipment in the screen cabinet is output through rectification. Can provide suitable power for each integrated circuit board in the screen cabinet, require voltage amplitude, ripple size etc. to accord with the integrated circuit board requirement. The load capacity can meet the requirement that all board cards and devices in the screen cabinet operate simultaneously. The redundancy of at least 4 paths of board card power supplies is provided. The conversion efficiency is not lower than 85%.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, the architecture diagram of the optical fiber input/output board card connected to the valve control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a trigger signal input sent by the valve control system and a valve sheet return detection signal output received by the valve control system. The valve control device can receive command signals such as trigger signals and the like sent by the valve control system and can feed back valve plate return detection signals which can be analyzed by the valve control device. The signals sent to the valve control device are consistent with the signals sent by the valve control system on site, and the signals sent by the valve control system can be correctly analyzed and fed back in a trigger preparation stage, a locking stage, a commutation failure protection stage and a state monitoring stage. The main function of the optical fiber input and output board card connected with the valve control equipment is realized by the expandable processor. The ARM hard core part of the processor can be expanded to run a real-time operating system, the programmable logic part receives backboard bus data, converts an electric signal into an optical signal, sends a feedback signal of the valve module simulation board card to the valve control device, and is connected with the plurality of optical interfaces through the internal data bus.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5, the diagram is an architecture diagram of an interface card for fast processing an RTDS simulation signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, signals sent by a valve module simulation board and a bridge arm simulation board are processed and then sent to a digital real-time simulator, and signals sent by the digital real-time simulator are sent to the valve module simulation board and the bridge arm simulation board. The valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card can communicate with the digital real-time simulator, signals sent by the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card are processed and then sent to the digital real-time simulator, and the signals sent by the digital real-time simulator can be sent to the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card. The communication should go through the GTFPGA using the Aurora protocol. When a fault is triggered through the digital real-time simulator, the digital real-time simulator packs the position and the state of the fault to be simulated through a GTFPGA (ground fault field programmable gate array) of the digital real-time simulator and sends the position and the state to a rapid processing interface card through an Aurora protocol. And after the rapid processing interface card carries out protocol analysis, uploading the data to a backboard bus. And then the valve module simulation board card and the bridge arm simulation board card acquire data from the back plate bus and simulate corresponding faults. The main function of the RTDS simulation signal fast processing interface card is realized by an expandable processor, and an ARM hard core part on the chip runs a real-time operating system for processing data transmitted by a digital real-time simulator and sending the data to a back board bus. The data sent to the backplane bus is received and processed by the valve module analog board card. The SFP optical module is connected with the expandable processor through an internal data bus, and the SFP optical module and the digital real-time simulator realize two-way communication by using an Aurora protocol. The programmable logic part on the expandable processor is used for realizing optical fiber communication and backboard data bus communication.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a simulation test system for a valve control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The simulation test system for the valve control device of the embodiment comprises: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. And when the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the simulation test method embodiment of each valve control device are realized. Alternatively, the processor implements the functions of the modules/units in the above device embodiments when executing the computer program.
Illustratively, the computer program may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the valve control device simulation test system.
The simulation test system of the valve control device can be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a cloud server and other computing equipment. The simulation test system for the valve control device can comprise, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the schematic diagram is merely an example of a valve control apparatus simulation test system, and does not constitute a limitation of the valve control apparatus simulation test system, and may include more or less components than those shown, or some components in combination, or different components, for example, the valve control apparatus simulation test system may further include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or the like. The general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can be any conventional processor, and the processor is a control center of the valve control device simulation test system, and various interfaces and lines are used for connecting various parts of the whole valve control device simulation test system.
The memory can be used for storing the computer program and/or the module, and the processor can realize various functions of the valve control device simulation test system by running or executing the computer program and/or the module stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Wherein, the module/unit integrated by the simulation test system of the valve control device can be stored in a computer readable storage medium if the module/unit is realized in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
It should be noted that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, where the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the embodiment of the apparatus provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, and may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.