CN109799435B - Partial discharge sensor combining graphene diaphragm and micro-optical fiber interference cavity and detection method based on partial discharge sensor - Google Patents
Partial discharge sensor combining graphene diaphragm and micro-optical fiber interference cavity and detection method based on partial discharge sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A partial discharge sensor combining a graphene membrane and a micro-optical fiber interference cavity and a detection method based on the sensor are provided, wherein the sensor comprises: the device comprises a tunable laser (1), a laser wavelength control module (2), an optical fiber circulator (3), a single-mode optical fiber (4), a micro-optical fiber interference cavity (5), a photoelectric detector (6), a signal line (7), a filter (8) and a data acquisition card (9). The invention adopts the multilayer graphene film, thus improving the detection sensitivity of the sensor; based on the optimized design of the multilayer graphene membrane structure, the requirements of partial discharge detection frequency bands are met; the polyimide coating is adopted to prolong the service life of the multilayer graphene membrane; the femtosecond laser is adopted to process a micro-fiber interference cavity in the fiber, and the static working point is stabilized based on the wavelength control of the laser. Based on the optimal design of the installation mode of the detection device, the original working environment of the electrical equipment is not influenced when the device is installed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line monitoring of electrical equipment, and particularly relates to a partial discharge sensor and a partial discharge detection method for a combined graphene membrane and micro-optical fiber interference cavity.
Background
Partial discharge is a discharge phenomenon caused by local area breakdown in an insulating medium, and partial discharge detection is an effective method for evaluating the insulation state of electrical equipment. When partial discharge occurs in the medium, electric pulses, electromagnetic waves, ultrasonic waves, light, local overheating and some new chemical products are generated. By detecting the ultrasonic signal generated by the partial discharge, the presence of the partial discharge can be determined and the discharge point can be located. Compared with the traditional piezoelectric sensor, the partial discharge sensor based on the optical fiber sensing has the advantages of wide response frequency band, small volume, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like.
Partial discharge sensors based on fiber fabry-perot interference are currently the most commonly used and most effective fiber partial discharge sensors. The optical fiber Fabry-Perot type partial discharge sensor is composed of an optical fiber end face, a diaphragm and an interference cavity, wherein an interference phase and interference intensity are changed due to the fact that ultrasonic signals induce vibration of the sensing diaphragm, and partial discharge detection is achieved by detecting the intensity of reflected light and the change of the phase. However, the defects of low detection sensitivity and easy temperature influence generally exist in practical engineering application at present.
In order to obtain high sensitivity, it is desirable to obtain a larger central deformation of the diaphragm under the action of the partial discharge ultrasonic signal. Therefore, an ultrathin film with high mechanical strength, good flexibility and stability is the key to develop a high-performance optical fiber Fabry-Perot partial discharge sensor. At present, many materials have been used to fabricate the diaphragm of the fabry-perot sensor, including silicon diaphragms, quartz diaphragms, silicon dioxide diaphragms, polymer diaphragms, and metal diaphragms. However, the thickness of the membrane is usually in the order of μm, the partial discharge detection sensitivity is low, the minimum detection limit is mostly 100pC, and the requirement of engineering application is difficult to meet. In the field of ultrasonic testing, researchers are continuously putting emphasis on the development of membranes based on novel materials, mainly two-dimensional materials, and selected materials such as graphene, nano silver and MoS2And the nano-scale processing can be realized by the materials, so that the sensitivity of ultrasonic detection is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with the traditional silicon or quartz membrane. Graphene is now known in natureThe thinnest film material has a breaking strength of 42N/m, which is about 25 times that of quartz or silicon diaphragms. The optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity acoustic sensor based on the graphene membrane, which is prepared by hong Kong university of science and technology, has the membrane thickness of 100nm, improves the sensitivity to 1100nm/kPa, but has lower detection frequency and is not suitable for detecting partial discharge.
Because the thermal expansion coefficients of a supporting structure, a packaging material and the like of the traditional optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor are different, the length of an interference cavity changes along with the temperature change, so that the working point drifts, and the detection precision of the sensor is influenced. The air cavity of the micro-fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity based on femtosecond laser processing is positioned inside the optical fiber and is used as an approximate all-fiber structure without the problem of unmatched thermal expansion coefficients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a partial discharge sensor combining a graphene membrane and a micro-optical fiber interference cavity and a detection method based on the partial discharge sensor, and aims to overcome the defects that the conventional optical fiber Fabry-Perot partial discharge sensor is low in detection sensitivity and easily influenced by temperature.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim of the invention:
a partial discharge sensor combining a graphene membrane and a micro-fiber interferometric cavity, comprising: the device comprises a tunable laser (1), a laser wavelength control module (2), an optical fiber circulator (3), a single-mode optical fiber (4), a micro-optical fiber interference cavity (5), a photoelectric detector (6), a signal line (7), a filter (8) and a data acquisition card (9); laser emitted by the tunable laser (1) passes through the optical fiber circulator (3) and then is transmitted into the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) through the single-mode optical fiber (4), interference is formed in the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5), reflected light returns along the single-mode optical fiber (4), passes through the optical fiber circulator (3) and then is input into the photoelectric detector (6), a light intensity signal is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is transmitted to the laser wavelength control module (2) and the filter (8) through the signal line (7); wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the filter (8) is transmitted to a data acquisition card (9) after high-pass filtering, and the waveform of the detected partial discharge ultrasonic signal is recorded.
Further preferably, the micro-fiber interference cavity (5) comprises: a polyimide coating (10), a multilayer graphene film (11), and an optical fiber end face (12); wherein the thickness of the polyimide coating (10) is 1000nm, and the polyimide coating has a protection effect on the multilayer graphene membrane (11); the thickness of the multilayer graphene membrane (11) is 100nm, and the diameter of the multilayer graphene membrane is 125 microns; the cavity formed by the fiber end face (12) and the graphene film (11) has a length of 17 μm and a width of 60 μm. The cavity is processed inside the optical fiber by femtosecond laser, the diameter of an effective vibration circular surface of the multilayer graphene membrane is 60 mu m, and the ultrasonic detection frequency band can reach 95 kHz. The tunable laser (1) is a narrow linewidth DFB laser, the output power is 20mW, the tuning range is 1526nm to 1567nm, and the spectral line width is less than 300 kHz. The filter (8) is a high-pass filter and filters low-frequency noise with the frequency below 10 kHz. Wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the laser control module (2) is recorded by the laser control module (2) and compared with the previously stored reference value, and when the deviation of the light intensity value exceeds the threshold value, the laser control module (2) adjusts the wavelength of the laser output by the tunable laser (1).
A partial discharge detection method based on a combined graphene membrane and a micro-fiber interference cavity comprises the steps that laser emitted by a tunable laser (1) passes through a fiber circulator (3) and then is transmitted into the micro-fiber interference cavity (5) through a single-mode fiber (4), interference is formed in the micro-fiber interference cavity (5), reflected light returns along the single-mode fiber (4), enters an photoelectric detector (6) through the fiber circulator (3), light intensity signals are converted into electric signals, and then the electric signals are transmitted to a laser wavelength control module (2) and a filter (8) through signal lines (7) respectively; wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the filter (8) is transmitted to the data acquisition card (9) after high-pass filtering, and the waveform of the detected partial discharge ultrasonic signal is recorded.
Further preferably, the micro-fiber interference cavity (5) comprises: a polyimide coating (10), a multilayer graphene film (11), and an optical fiber end face (12); wherein the thickness of the polyimide coating (10) is 1000nm, and the polyimide coating has a protection effect on the multilayer graphene membrane (11); the thickness of the multilayer graphene membrane (11) is 100nm, and the diameter of the multilayer graphene membrane is 125 microns; the cavity formed by the fiber end face (12) and the graphene film (11) has a length of 17 μm and a width of 60 μm. The cavity is processed inside the optical fiber by femtosecond laser, the diameter of an effective vibration circular surface of the multilayer graphene membrane is 60 mu m, and the ultrasonic detection frequency band can reach 95 kHz. The tunable laser (1) is a narrow linewidth DFB laser, the output power is 20mW, the tuning range is 1526nm to 1567nm, and the spectral line width is less than 300 kHz. The filter (8) is a high-pass filter and filters low-frequency noise with the frequency below 10 kHz. Wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the laser control module (2) is recorded by the laser control module (2) and compared with the previously stored reference value, and when the deviation of the light intensity value exceeds the threshold value, the laser control module (2) adjusts the wavelength of the laser output by the tunable laser (1).
Further preferably, the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) is arranged on a dielectric window of a gas insulated fully-enclosed combined electrical apparatus (GIS). A micropore penetrating through the dielectric layer and the metal layer and having a diameter of 127 mu m is formed in the center of the dielectric window, a polymer film is attached to the end part of the micropore, a micro optical fiber interference cavity is inserted into the micropore, the end part of the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) penetrates into the polymer film, then glue is injected into the micropore, and a sealing rubber ring is additionally arranged at the end part of the metal layer. The polymer film had a diameter of 300 μm and a thickness of 1 mm. The depth of penetration was 0.8 mm.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:
(1) compared with the similar optical fiber Fabry-Perot partial discharge sensor, the sensor adopts the graphene membrane, so that the detection sensitivity of the sensor is greatly improved; structural parameters of the diaphragm are optimized, so that the detection frequency band of the sensor can meet the requirements of GIS partial discharge detection; the polyimide film is coated on the surface of the diaphragm, so that the long-term reliability of the diaphragm is guaranteed; the femtosecond laser is adopted to process the micro-fiber interference cavity, so that the temperature drift is effectively inhibited. Based on laser wavelength control, the static operating point is stabilized.
(2) Compared with the traditional electricity partial discharge ultrasonic sensor, the invention has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, simple structure, small size and suitability for being installed in GIS equipment.
(3) The invention is based on the optimized design of the installation mode of the detection device, so that the original working environment of the electrical equipment is not influenced when the device is installed.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial discharge sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-fiber interferometric cavity according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the partial discharge sensor of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
the optical fiber laser comprises a 1-tunable laser, a 2-laser wavelength control module, a 3-optical fiber circulator, a 4-single mode optical fiber, a 5-micro optical fiber interference cavity, a 6-photoelectric detector, a 7-signal line, an 8-filter, a 9-data acquisition card, a 10-polyimide coating, an 11-multilayer graphene membrane, a 12-optical fiber end face, a 13-optical fiber cladding, a 14-optical fiber core, a 15-polymer film, a 16-dielectric window dielectric layer, a 17-dielectric window metal layer and an 18-sealing rubber ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a partial discharge sensor combining a graphene membrane and a micro-fiber interferometric cavity according to the present invention, which includes: the device comprises a tunable laser 1, a laser wavelength control module 2, an optical fiber circulator 3, a single-mode optical fiber 4, a micro-optical fiber interference cavity 5, a photoelectric detector 6, a signal line 7, a filter 8 and a data acquisition card 9; laser light emitted by the tunable laser 1 passes through the optical fiber circulator 3 and then is transmitted into the micro optical fiber interference cavity 5 through the single mode optical fiber 4, interference is formed in the micro optical fiber interference cavity 5, reflected light returns along the single mode optical fiber 4, passes through the optical fiber circulator 3 and then is input into the photoelectric detector 6, a light intensity signal is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is respectively transmitted to the laser wavelength control module 2 and the filter 8 through the signal line 7; wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the filter 8 is transmitted to the data acquisition card 9 after high-pass filtering, and the waveform of the detected partial discharge ultrasonic signal is recorded. Wherein, the laser control module 2 records the static light intensity of the reflected light and compares the static light intensity with the reference value stored before, and when the deviation of the light intensity exceeds the threshold value, the laser control module 2 adjusts the wavelength of the laser output by the tunable laser 1.
The principle of the invention for detecting partial discharge is as follows: when partial discharge is generated in the GIS, an ultrasonic signal is excited, the frequency band of the ultrasonic signal is 20-80kHz, and when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the micro-optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity diaphragm, the vibration of the graphene diaphragm is caused, so that the interference condition in the interference cavity is changed, the light intensity of reflected light is changed, and the detection of the partial discharge can be realized by detecting the light intensity change of the reflected light.
The tunable laser 1 is a narrow linewidth DFB laser, the output power is 20mW, the tuning range is 1526nm to 1567nm, and the linewidth is less than 300 kHz. The filter 8 is a high-pass filter and filters low-frequency noise with frequency below 10 kHz.
The invention relates to a method for selecting and stabilizing working points, which comprises the following steps: a. selecting working points: the tunable laser scans the whole wavelength range (1526nm to 1567nm) in sequence at the speed of 0.4nm/s, and the laser wavelength control module records the intensity of reflected light while scanning to obtain a spectral curve, sets the laser wavelength at the position with the maximum derivative value of the spectral curve, and stores the corresponding intensity of reflected light as a reference value. b. The working point is stable: the laser wavelength control module periodically inquires the deviation between the current reflected light intensity and a reference value, and when the deviation exceeds a threshold value, the wavelength is adjusted to be +/-0.4 nm.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro optical fiber interference cavity according to the present invention, where the micro optical fiber interference cavity 5 includes: a polyimide coating 10, a multilayer graphene film 11, and an optical fiber end face 12; the thickness of the polyimide coating 10 is 1000nm, and the polyimide coating plays a role in protecting the multilayer graphene film 11; the thickness of the multilayer graphene membrane 11 is 100nm, and the diameter of the multilayer graphene membrane is 125 microns; the length of a cavity formed by the optical fiber end face 12 and the graphene membrane 11 is 17 micrometers, the width of the cavity is 60 micrometers, the diameter of an effective vibration circular surface of the multilayer graphene membrane is 60 micrometers, and the ultrasonic detection frequency band can reach 95 kHz; the micro-fiber interference cavity is processed inside the fiber by femtosecond laser.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor installation mode according to the present invention, in which the micro-fiber interference cavity 5 is installed in a dielectric window of a gas insulated totally-enclosed switchgear GIS, and the dielectric window includes an upper dielectric window dielectric layer 16 and a lower dielectric window metal layer 17; a micropore with the diameter of 127 mu m is formed in the center of the dielectric window dielectric layer 16 and the metal layer 17, a polymer film 15 is attached to the end part of the micropore on the dielectric window dielectric layer 16, the thickness of the polymer film 15 is 1mm, and the diameter of the polymer film is 300 mu m; and inserting the optical fiber into the micropore, wherein the micro optical fiber interference cavity 5 is inserted into the polymer film, the penetration depth is 0.8mm, then injecting glue into the micropore, and additionally installing a sealing rubber ring at the end part of the medium layer metal layer 17 to avoid the leakage of gas in the GIS.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A partial discharge sensor combining a graphene membrane and a micro-fiber interference cavity, comprising: the device comprises a tunable laser (1), a laser wavelength control module (2), an optical fiber circulator (3), a single-mode optical fiber (4), a micro-optical fiber interference cavity (5), a photoelectric detector (6), a signal line (7), a filter (8) and a data acquisition card (9);
laser emitted by the tunable laser (1) passes through the optical fiber circulator (3) and then is transmitted into the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) through the single-mode optical fiber (4), interference is formed in the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5), reflected light returns along the single-mode optical fiber (4), passes through the optical fiber circulator (3) and then is input into the photoelectric detector (6), a light intensity signal is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is transmitted to the laser wavelength control module (2) and the filter (8) through the signal line (7); wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the filter (8) is transmitted to a data acquisition card (9) after high-pass filtering, and the waveform of the detected partial discharge ultrasonic signal is recorded;
the micro-fiber interference cavity (5) comprises: a polyimide coating (10), a multilayer graphene film (11), and an optical fiber end face (12); wherein the polyimide coating (10) protects the multilayer graphene membrane (11); forming a cavity from the fiber end face (12) and the graphene membrane (11); the diameter of the multilayer graphene film sheet is 125 μm;
wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the laser wavelength control module (2) is recorded by the laser wavelength control module (2) and compared with the previously stored reference value, and when the deviation of the light intensity value exceeds the threshold value, the laser wavelength control module (2) adjusts the wavelength of the laser output by the tunable laser (1);
the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) is arranged on a medium window of a gas insulated totally-enclosed combined electrical apparatus (GIS); a micropore penetrating through the dielectric layer and the metal layer and having a diameter of 127 mu m is formed in the center of the dielectric window, a polymer film is attached to the end part of the micropore, a micro optical fiber interference cavity is inserted into the micropore, the end part of the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) penetrates into the polymer film, then glue is injected into the micropore, and a sealing rubber ring is additionally arranged at the end part of the metal layer.
2. A partial discharge detection method based on the partial discharge sensor according to claim 1,
laser emitted by a tunable laser (1) passes through an optical fiber circulator (3) and then is transmitted into a micro optical fiber interference cavity (5) through a single mode fiber (4), interference is formed in the micro optical fiber interference cavity (5), reflected light returns along the single mode fiber (4), the reflected light passes through the optical fiber circulator (3) and then is input into a photoelectric detector (6), a light intensity signal is converted into an electric signal, and then the electric signal is respectively transmitted to a laser wavelength control module (2) and a filter (8) through signal lines (7); wherein, one path of signal transmitted to the filter (8) is transmitted to the data acquisition card (9) after high-pass filtering, and the waveform of the detected partial discharge ultrasonic signal is recorded;
the micro-fiber interference cavity (5) comprises: a polyimide coating (10), a multilayer graphene film (11), and an optical fiber end face (12); wherein the polyimide coating (10) protects the multilayer graphene membrane (11); a cavity is formed by the fiber end face (12) and the graphene membrane (11).
3. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 2,
the thickness of the polyimide coating (10) is 1000nm, the length of the cavity is 17 micrometers, and the width of the cavity is 60 micrometers.
4. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 3,
the cavity is processed inside the optical fiber by femtosecond laser, the diameter of an effective vibration circular surface of the multilayer graphene membrane is 60 mu m, and the ultrasonic detection frequency band can reach 95 kHz.
5. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 4,
the tunable laser (1) is a narrow linewidth DFB laser, the output power is 20mW, the tuning range is 1526nm to 1567nm, and the spectral line width is less than 300 kHz.
6. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 5,
the filter (8) is a high-pass filter and filters low-frequency noise with the frequency below 10 kHz.
7. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 6,
the polymer film had a diameter of 300 μm and a thickness of 1 mm.
8. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 7,
the depth of penetration was 0.8 mm.
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| CN110542839B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆大学 | For SF6All-optical insulation fault monitoring system of gas insulation equipment |
| CN111366233A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-03 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN113701647A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-11-26 | 浙江中能工程检测有限公司 | Steel surface coating thickness measuring device based on optical fiber simply supported beam structure |
| CN113589114A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆大学 | Power equipment partial discharge sensing device and machining method and detection system thereof |
| CN113589113B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-01-31 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge multi-frequency combined sensing array based on optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer |
| CN113567818B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2024-05-03 | 重庆大学 | Fabry-Perot partial discharge sensing device and method based on cantilever supporting structure |
| CN113567819A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆大学 | F-P optical fiber sensing discharge detection device and method based on lens optical fiber |
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