CN109799377A - Electric railway step voltage and contact voltage test macro and its method - Google Patents
Electric railway step voltage and contact voltage test macro and its method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109799377A CN109799377A CN201811579352.1A CN201811579352A CN109799377A CN 109799377 A CN109799377 A CN 109799377A CN 201811579352 A CN201811579352 A CN 201811579352A CN 109799377 A CN109799377 A CN 109799377A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electric railway step voltages and contact voltage test macro and its method, in system, the contact voltage that contact voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body is subject to is connected and is exported electric signal practical by contact voltage to calculation processing and storage device calculating human body；Grounding apparatus current sensor device synchro measure grounding apparatus is in the electric current under test mode, output to calculation processing and storage device；Soil resistivity test device tests the mean parameter of local surfaces soil parameters and region deep soil, output to calculation processing and storage device；Step voltage situation suffered by step voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body, output are transmitted to calculation processing and storage device.The present invention being capable of safety and precise contact voltage and step voltage around it when measuring electric railway grounding apparatus failure, and corresponding local soil resistivity is stored to database, be conducive to the personal safety of railway operators, and provide assessment foundation for the safe operation of electric railway.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric railway step voltages and contact voltage field, and in particular to a kind of electric railway strides
Voltage and contact voltage test macro and its method.
Background technique
Currently, electrization railway draught load increases increasingly, when ground fault occurs in electric railway, it will occurred
High step voltage and contact voltage, jeopardizes the personal safety of railroader.The survey of existing step voltage and contact voltage
Examination is mostly used for power supply-distribution system, and step voltage and the test macro of contact voltage are still few when to electric railway ground fault
See.Furthermore also rare comprehensive in conjunction with the corresponding step voltage to distance fault equipment difference spacing of local soil resistivity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage test macro and its method, energy
Contact voltage and step voltage around it when enough safety and precises measure electric railway grounding apparatus failure, and corresponding local soil
Resistivity is stored to database, is conducive to the personal safety of railway operators, and provide for the safe operation of electric railway
Assess foundation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
Electric railway step voltage and contact voltage test macro, it is characterised in that:
The system comprises contact voltage analog sensed device, grounding apparatus current sensor device, soil resistivity tests
Device, step voltage analog sensed device and calculation processing and storage device；
The contact voltage that contact voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body is subject to connects and exports electric signal to calculating
It is practical by contact voltage that reason and storage device calculate human body；
Grounding apparatus current sensor device synchro measure grounding apparatus is in the electric current under test mode, connects and by electric current
Signal is exported to calculation processing and storage device storage；
Soil resistivity test device tests the mean parameter of local surfaces soil parameters and region deep soil, and by institute
Measured data is exported to calculation processing and storage device；
The output of gained electric potential signal is transmitted to by step voltage situation suffered by step voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body
Calculation processing and storage device.
Contact voltage analog sensed device includes earthing pole, human body simulation resistance and voltage sensing device；
Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting human body simulation resistance above the earthing pole, and general
Human body simulation resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, human body simulation resistor in parallel voltage sensing device
Measure contact voltage test value Uj0。
Soil resistivity test device includes that two galvanic electrodes and two voltage probes are inserted into soil and exposed, voltage
Probe is between galvanic electrode；
The external power supply unit of galvanic electrode, two voltage probes access voltage sensing device.
Step voltage analog sensed device includes the earthing pole at mobile voltage pole and grounding apparatus, according to continuous mobile
The voltage U that voltage pole is testednWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage test value.
The test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage, it is characterised in that:
It is realized by following steps:
The electric signal and step voltage mould that calculation processing and storage device are transmitted according to contact voltage analog sensed device
Potential image under quasi- sensing device calculating and plotting test mode, and contact voltage test value and step voltage test value are calculated,
The current signal that is exported in conjunction with grounding apparatus current sensor device and stored flow through short-circuit maximum current ImaxCalculate failure
When contact voltage actual value and step voltage actual value, will further according to the surveyed soil resistivity data of soil resistivity test device
Surveyed contact voltage actual value and the corresponding storage of step voltage actual value.
The measurement process of contact voltage test value are as follows:
Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting human body simulation resistance above the earthing pole, and general
Human body simulation resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, human body simulation resistor in parallel voltage sensing device
Measure contact voltage test value Uj0。
The measurement process of step voltage test value are as follows:
The voltage U tested according to continuous mobile voltage polenWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage
Test value, steps are as follows:
Step 1: being inserted into earthing pole at electric railway grounding apparatus and measure its voltage UgWith flow through electric current I；
Step 2: when being inserted into voltage pole and surveying as zero potential, measuring itself and earthing pole distance l；
Step 3: taking equidistantTo the mobile voltage pole of earthing pole, and voltage U is measured point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 4: institute's measured data is exported to calculation processing and storage device.
The test process of soil resistivity are as follows:
Voltage between two voltage probes is measured from two exposed galvanic electrodes toward soil injection electric current using Wenner method,
The two potential probes are placed between Injection Current electrode with linear array；
When two voltage probes are close toward centre, the soil resistivity measured reflects local surface soil parameter；
When two voltage electrodes separate, the soil resistivity measured reflects the mean parameter of deep soil in larger one piece of region.
The calculating process of contact voltage actual value are as follows:
Step 1: measuring contact voltage test value Uj0；
Step 2: the maximum short circuit electricity flowed through when grounding apparatus is flowed through when measuring test electric current I and grounding apparatus failure
Flow Imax；
Step 3: contact voltage U when calculating electric railway grounding apparatus failurej, specifically:
Step 4: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
The calculation method of step voltage actual value is
Step 1: measuring voltage U at earthing poleg；
Step 2: measuring voltage U point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 3: with UgEach point is individually subtracted and measures voltage value, each point is calculated to the potential image of zero-potential point；
Step 4: voltage coefficient K when grounding apparatus short circuit is calculated, specifically:
In formula, ImaxMaximum short circuit current when for grounding apparatus short circuit, I are the test electric current under test mode；
Step 5: according to potential image, the step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission is calculated, specifically:
Uk=K (Ui-Ui-1)
In formula, UkFor any practical step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission, K is voltage coefficient, Ui-Ui-1To be any at a distance of 1m
The potential difference of point-to-point transmission measurement；
Step 6: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
The invention has the following advantages that
1, step voltage and contact voltage when the present invention can accurately measure electric railway ground fault, measurement accuracy
Potential image and soil resistivity data also can be obtained in height, is easy to analyze step voltage and soil resistivity at difference
Relationship between step voltage and contact voltage.
2, system structure proposed by the present invention is simple, while low cost, easy to carry, meets wanting for economy and practicability
It asks.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is contact voltage test schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is step voltage test schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is soil resistivity test schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is contact voltage calculation flow chart.
Fig. 5 is that step voltage tests detailed maps.
Fig. 6 is that contact voltage tests detailed maps.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail With reference to embodiment.
The present invention relates to electric railway step voltages and contact voltage test macro, and the system comprises contact voltage moulds
Quasi- sensing device, grounding apparatus current sensor device, soil resistivity test device, step voltage analog sensed device and calculating
Processing and storage device (HandyscopeHS6DIFF high-speed digitization instrument (can add TiePie Multi Channel software and
MATLAB software, laptop and hard disk)).
The contact voltage that contact voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body is subject to connects and exports electric signal to calculating
It is practical by contact voltage that reason and storage device calculate human body；Grounding apparatus current sensor device synchro measure grounding apparatus is in
Electric current under test mode connects and exports current signal to calculation processing and storage device storage, and institute's measured data is electrical
Change the electric current flowed through under railway grounding apparatus non-faulting state；Soil resistivity test device tests local surfaces soil parameters
With the mean parameter of region deep soil, and institute's measured data is exported to calculation processing and storage device；Step voltage simulation passes
Induction device simulates step voltage situation suffered by human body, and the output of gained electric potential signal is transmitted to calculation processing and storage device.Meter
It calculates processing and storage device connects output display device, need to export test result according to tester.
Contact voltage analog sensed device includes earthing pole, human body simulation resistance (1700 Ω resistance) and voltage sensing device
(Fluke F18B+ high internal resistance potentiometer)；Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting above the earthing pole
Human body simulation resistance, and human body simulation resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, human body simulation resistance
Upper shunt voltage sensing device measures contact voltage test value Uj0.(without embodying human body simulation resistance and voltage sensor in attached drawing
Device, it is proposed that supplement)
Soil resistivity test device includes that two galvanic electrodes and two voltage probes are inserted into soil and exposed, voltage
Probe is between galvanic electrode；The external power supply unit of galvanic electrode, two voltage probes access voltage sensing device
(Fluke F18B+ high internal resistance potentiometer).
Step voltage analog sensed device includes the earthing pole at mobile voltage pole and grounding apparatus, according to continuous mobile
The voltage U that voltage pole is testednWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage test value.The part also includes
Human body simulation resistance (1700 Ω resistance) and voltage sensing device (Fluke F18B+ high internal resistance potentiometer).
The test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage based on above structure, is realized by following steps:
The electric signal and step voltage mould that calculation processing and storage device are transmitted according to contact voltage analog sensed device
Potential image under quasi- sensing device calculating and plotting test mode, and contact voltage test value and step voltage test value are calculated,
The current signal that is exported in conjunction with grounding apparatus current sensor device and stored flow through short-circuit maximum current ImaxCalculate failure
When contact voltage actual value and step voltage actual value, will further according to the surveyed soil resistivity data of soil resistivity test device
Surveyed contact voltage actual value and the corresponding storage of step voltage actual value.
In method:
The measurement process of contact voltage test value are as follows:
Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting human body simulation resistance above the earthing pole, and general
Human body simulation resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, human body simulation resistor in parallel voltage sensing device
Measure contact voltage test value Uj0。
It is being inserted into diameter 8-10mm at grounding apparatus 1m, is being about the round steel of 300mm, is being embedded to 50-80mm conduct in ground
Earthing pole, if in concrete or brick ground survey earthing pole can be made with the copper sheet or steel plate of 26cm × 26cm.To make copper sheet
Or steel plate with contact it is good, on copper sheet or steel plate can ballast, the ground under plate can also be watered with water.
The measurement process of step voltage test value are as follows:
The voltage U tested according to continuous mobile voltage polenWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage
Test value, steps are as follows:
Step 1: being inserted into earthing pole at electric railway grounding apparatus and measure its voltage UgWith flow through electric current I；
Step 2: when being inserted into voltage pole and surveying as zero potential, measuring itself and earthing pole distance l；
Step 3: taking equidistantTo the mobile voltage pole of earthing pole, and voltage U is measured point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 4: institute's measured data is exported to calculation processing and storage device.
The test process of soil resistivity are as follows:
Voltage between two voltage probes is measured from two exposed galvanic electrodes toward soil injection electric current using Wenner method,
The two potential probes are placed between Injection Current electrode with linear array；
When two voltage probes are close toward centre, the soil resistivity measured reflects local surface soil parameter；
When two voltage electrodes separate, the soil resistivity measured reflects the mean parameter of deep soil in larger one piece of region.
The calculating process of contact voltage actual value are as follows:
Step 1: measuring contact voltage test value Uj0；
Step 2: the maximum short circuit electricity flowed through when grounding apparatus is flowed through when measuring test electric current I and grounding apparatus failure
Flow Imax；
Step 3: contact voltage U when calculating electric railway grounding apparatus failurej, specifically:
Step 4: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
The calculation method of step voltage actual value is
Step 1: measuring voltage U at earthing poleg；
Step 2: measuring voltage U point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 3: with UgEach point is individually subtracted and measures voltage value, each point is calculated to the potential image of zero-potential point；
Step 4: voltage coefficient K when grounding apparatus short circuit is calculated, specifically:
In formula, ImaxMaximum short circuit current when for grounding apparatus short circuit, I are the test electric current under test mode；
Step 5: according to potential image, the step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission is calculated, specifically:
Uk=K (Ui-Ui-1)
In formula, UkFor any practical step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission, K is voltage coefficient, Ui-Ui-1To be any at a distance of 1m
The potential difference of point-to-point transmission measurement；
Step 6: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
The contents of the present invention are not limited to cited by embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art are by reading description of the invention
And to any equivalent transformation that technical solution of the present invention is taken, all are covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. electric railway step voltage and contact voltage test macro, it is characterised in that:
The system comprises contact voltage analog sensed device, grounding apparatus current sensor device, soil resistivity test device,
Step voltage analog sensed device and calculation processing and storage device；
The contact voltage that contact voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body is subject to, connect and electric signal is exported to calculation processing and
It is practical by contact voltage that storage device calculates human body；
Grounding apparatus current sensor device synchro measure grounding apparatus is in the electric current under test mode, connects and by current signal
Output to calculation processing and storage device stores；
Soil resistivity test device tests the mean parameter of local surfaces soil parameters and region deep soil, and by surveyed number
According to output to calculation processing and storage device；
The output of gained electric potential signal is transmitted to calculating by step voltage situation suffered by step voltage analog sensed unit simulation human body
Processing and storage device.
2. electric railway step voltage according to claim 1 and contact voltage test macro, it is characterised in that:
Contact voltage analog sensed device includes earthing pole, human body simulation resistance and voltage sensing device；
Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting human body simulation resistance above the earthing pole, and by human body
Artifical resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, the measurement of human body simulation resistor in parallel voltage sensing device
Contact voltage test value Uj0。
3. electric railway step voltage according to claim 1 and contact voltage test macro, it is characterised in that:
Soil resistivity test device includes that two galvanic electrodes and two voltage probes are inserted into soil and exposed, voltage probe
Between galvanic electrode；
The external power supply unit of galvanic electrode, two voltage probes access voltage sensing device.
4. electric railway step voltage according to claim 1 and contact voltage test macro, it is characterised in that:
Step voltage analog sensed device includes the earthing pole at mobile voltage pole and grounding apparatus, according to continuous mobile voltage
The voltage U that pole is testednWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage test value.
5. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage, it is characterised in that:
It is realized by following steps:
The electric signal and step voltage simulation that calculation processing and storage device are transmitted according to contact voltage analog sensed device pass
Potential image under induction device calculating and plotting test mode, and contact voltage test value and step voltage test value are calculated, in conjunction with
Current signal that grounding apparatus current sensor device is exported and stored flow through short-circuit maximum current ImaxIt is connect when calculating failure
Electric shock compacting actual value and step voltage actual value, will be surveyed further according to the surveyed soil resistivity data of soil resistivity test device
Contact voltage actual value and the corresponding storage of step voltage actual value.
6. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The measurement process of contact voltage test value are as follows:
Earthing pole is being set at grounding apparatus 1m, the place the 1.8m setting human body simulation resistance above the earthing pole, and by human body
Artifical resistance is connected to the down conductor of grounding apparatus and earthing pole, the measurement of human body simulation resistor in parallel voltage sensing device
Contact voltage test value Uj0。
7. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The measurement process of step voltage test value are as follows:
The voltage U tested according to continuous mobile voltage polenWith voltage U at earthing polegFor acquiring step voltage test
Value, steps are as follows:
Step 1: being inserted into earthing pole at electric railway grounding apparatus and measure its voltage UgWith flow through electric current I；
Step 2: when being inserted into voltage pole and surveying as zero potential, measuring itself and earthing pole distance l；
Step 3: taking equidistantTo the mobile voltage pole of earthing pole, and voltage U is measured point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 4: institute's measured data is exported to calculation processing and storage device.
8. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The test process of soil resistivity are as follows:
Voltage between two voltage probes is measured, this two from two exposed galvanic electrodes toward soil injection electric current using Wenner method
A potential probes are placed between Injection Current electrode with linear array；
When two voltage probes are close toward centre, the soil resistivity measured reflects local surface soil parameter；When two
When voltage electrode separates, the soil resistivity measured reflects the mean parameter of deep soil in larger one piece of region.
9. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The calculating process of contact voltage actual value are as follows:
Step 1: measuring contact voltage test value Uj0；
Step 2: the maximum short circuit current flowed through when grounding apparatus is flowed through when measuring test electric current I and grounding apparatus failure
Imax；
Step 3: contact voltage U when calculating electric railway grounding apparatus failurej, specifically:
Step 4: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
10. the test method of electric railway step voltage and contact voltage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The calculation method of step voltage actual value is
Step 1: measuring voltage U at earthing poleg；
Step 2: measuring voltage U point by pointn,Un-1,L,U3,U2,U1；
Step 3: with UgEach point is individually subtracted and measures voltage value, each point is calculated to the potential image of zero-potential point；
Step 4: voltage coefficient K when grounding apparatus short circuit is calculated, specifically:
In formula, ImaxMaximum short circuit current when for grounding apparatus short circuit, I are the test electric current under test mode；
Step 5: according to potential image, the step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission is calculated, specifically:
Uk=K (Ui-Ui-1)
In formula, UkFor any practical step voltage at a distance of 1m point-to-point transmission, K is voltage coefficient, Ui-Ui-1To be any at a distance of 1m two o'clock
Between the potential difference that measures；
Step 6: in conjunction with surveyed local soil resistivity, correspondence is stored in calculation processing and storage device.
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| CN110648574A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-03 | 武汉大学 | Step voltage and contact voltage simulation experiment device and method |
| CN111739375A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-02 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Ground potential distribution simulation method based on electric facility leakage environment |
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| CN112014619A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-12-01 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Step voltage detection device, grounding system and step voltage detection method |
| CN112083251A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | Human internal organ electrical loss risk assessment method considering various shapes |
| CN113608006A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 余湘林 | Method for testing step voltage and contact potential of ground grid |
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| CN113608006A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 余湘林 | Method for testing step voltage and contact potential of ground grid |
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