CN109799198B - Soil heavy metal detection process - Google Patents
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- CN109799198B CN109799198B CN201811558392.8A CN201811558392A CN109799198B CN 109799198 B CN109799198 B CN 109799198B CN 201811558392 A CN201811558392 A CN 201811558392A CN 109799198 B CN109799198 B CN 109799198B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil heavy metal detection process, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: collecting soil; step two: air-drying the soil sample; step three: screening a soil sample; step four: and (3) soil sample treatment: weighing 500 mg of soil sample, placing the soil sample into a crucible, and controlling a clamping device arranged on a supporting base to clamp the crucible; the clamping device comprises a support frame, a blocking mechanism, a clamping push rod, a lifting plate, a shaking mechanism, a clamping cylinder, a clamping telescopic column and a telescopic top plate; step five: carrying out acid treatment on a soil sample; step six: detecting metal; step seven: and detecting the record. The invention can solve the problems that in the existing soil heavy metal detection, when the soil is subjected to acid treatment, the clamping action can not be performed on crucibles of different models, the crucibles need to be manually shaken, the mixture in the crucibles is easy to fall when the crucibles are shaken, the potential safety hazard is easy to be caused when the crucibles are manually stirred, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural detection instruments, in particular to a soil heavy metal detection process.
Background
The soil inorganic pollutants are relatively prominent in heavy metals, and the heavy metals are easy to accumulate and are converted into methyl compounds with higher toxicity because the heavy metals cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms, and even some of the heavy metals are accumulated in a human body at harmful concentration through a food chain and seriously harm the health of the human body. The heavy metal elements in the polluted soil mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc and the like.
At present, the detection of heavy metals by soil heavy metal detection equipment is not accurate, particularly, the soil in the deep part of a field cannot be detected by the detection equipment, and the soil in the deep part can be detected only by a chemical detection method.
The invention also provides a detection method of soil heavy metal, and Chinese patent with application number 201610135192.6 discloses a detection method of heavy metal in soil, wherein the invention adopts an alkaline hydrolysis acid extraction method to preprocess a sample, avoids the loss of heavy metal elements and air pollution, and has the advantages of good recovery rate, high precision, high processing speed, simple operation, wide application range and the like, although the invention can detect the soil heavy metal, the soil is not processed by 'silicon flying', which causes the detection of the soil heavy metal to have deviation; the application number is 201820277615.2's chinese utility model patent discloses a portable soil heavy metal short-term test appearance, this use novel height and the position through adjusting test probe carry out the heavy metal detection of soil, can't detect the heavy metal content of soil inside.
The concrete problem that exists when carrying out acid treatment to soil in current soil heavy metal detects as follows, can't carry out the centre gripping action to the crucible of different models for crucible anchor clamps need be changed according to not unidimensional crucible, need artifically rock the crucible, and causes the interior mixture of crucible to spill easily when artifical crucible rocks, causes the poor scheduling problem of detection effect, causes splashing of corrosive liquids easily when artifical stirs the action to the crucible, causes the potential safety hazard to the personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a soil heavy metal detection process, which can solve the problems that in the existing soil heavy metal detection, when soil is subjected to acid treatment, clamping action cannot be performed on crucibles of different models, the crucibles need to be shaken manually, mixture in the crucibles is easy to fall when the crucibles are shaken, potential safety hazards are easy to occur when the crucibles are stirred manually, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the soil heavy metal detection process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil collection: firstly, cleaning weeds above a soil layer at any time, then directly pressing a plastic sampler with the length of 10 cm and the diameter of 8 cm into the soil layer, digging out the sampler by using bamboo chips or wood chips, and respectively collecting soil samples at a plurality of places in a field;
step two: and (3) air drying of the soil sample: placing the collected soil sample in a wooden tray or on plastic cloth, spreading into a thin layer with a thickness of about two centimeters, placing the thin layer indoors, turning over the thin layer at intervals by using a wooden rod or a glass rod to ventilate and dry the thin layer, removing stones in the soil sample when the soil sample is dried in the air, and simultaneously kneading large mud lumps into pieces;
step three: and (3) soil sample screening: pouring the air-dried soil sample into a steel glass bottom or a wood tray, pouring the soil sample on a 100-mesh nylon sieve, and fully and uniformly mixing the sieved samples;
step four: and (3) soil sample treatment: accurately weighing 500 mg of screened soil sample, placing the soil sample into a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, placing the crucible onto a supporting base, and controlling a clamping device arranged on the supporting base to clamp the crucible; the electric heater is installed at the left end of the supporting base, the clamping device is installed at the top of the right end of the supporting base, and the stirring device is installed at the top of the clamping device; the clamping device comprises a support frame, a blocking mechanism, a clamping push rod, a lifting plate, a shaking mechanism, a clamping cylinder, a clamping telescopic column and a telescopic top plate, wherein the support frame is arranged on the left side surface of the upper end of the support base; the supporting frame is of an annular structure, the inner side surface of the supporting frame is an inclined surface, balls are uniformly arranged on the inner side surface of the supporting frame, the blocking mechanisms are positioned below the supporting frame, and the blocking mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the middle part of the supporting base;
the bottom of the clamping push rod is mounted on the top of the right end of the supporting base, the top of the clamping push rod is provided with a lifting plate, the top of the lifting plate is provided with a sliding groove, the top of the lifting plate is connected with a shaking mechanism, two clamping mechanisms are symmetrically distributed at the upper end of the shaking mechanism, the right ends of the two clamping mechanisms are mounted on the top of the shaking mechanism through a pin shaft, the clamping cylinder is located on the right side of the clamping mechanism and is a bidirectional cylinder, the middle of the clamping cylinder is mounted on the top of the shaking mechanism, and the outer end of the clamping cylinder is mounted between the two clamping mechanisms through a hinge;
the top of the outer end of the lifting plate is connected with the bottom of the clamping telescopic column, the top of the clamping telescopic column is provided with a telescopic top plate, when the crucible lifting device works specifically, the clamping device can clamp and shake a crucible, the support frame can support the crucible, the lower end of the crucible can be clamped in the support frame, the length of the clamping cylinder is adjusted, the clamping mechanism can clamp the crucible with different shapes and radians, then the clamping push rod is controlled to perform extension movement, the position of the crucible clamped by the clamping mechanism can be raised, then the shaking mechanism is controlled to shake forwards and backwards, the crucible can shake forwards and backwards under the blocking effect of the support frame, the shaking angle of the crucible is limited by the blocking mechanism, and the mixture in the crucible is prevented from being spilled due to the fact that the crucible shakes too violently;
step five: and (3) soil sample acid treatment: wetting the soil sample in the crucible with a few drops of water, and adding 20ml of concentrated HNO3The electric heater is started to enable the crucible clamped on the clamping mechanism to be heated, when the soil sample in the crucible is heated to be thick, 20ml of HF is added and heating is continued, the shaking mechanism is controlled to shake the crucible in the heating process, the stirring device is controlled to stir the mixture in the crucible, and then 20ml of HCLO is added4The heated white smoke is exhausted, the inner wall of the crucible is washed by water finally, the volume is fixed to 60ml after cooling, when the crucible is in specific work, the electric heater can heat the crucible, the electric heater has the advantages of stable and uniform heating, high temperature adjusting speed and the like, the stirring device can stir the mixture in the crucible, and the whole height of the stirring device can be adjusted through the telescopic motion of the clamping telescopic column;
step six: and (3) metal detection: detecting copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and chromium in the crucible by adopting a method of direct flame atomic absorption, extraction flame atomic absorption and flameless atomic absorption;
step seven: and (3) detection and recording: and recording the detection result, repeating the steps, and obtaining an average value of the three detection results, namely the heavy metal content of the soil.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the clamping mechanism in the fourth step comprises a clamping frame, a clamping plate spring, an inner supporting telescopic rod, an inner supporting spring and an inner supporting plate, wherein the clamping frame is arranged on the upper end surface of the middle part of the swinging rotating plate through a pin shaft, and the left end of the clamping frame is of an arc structure; the clamping frame is characterized in that a sliding rod is arranged at the lower end of the clamping frame, the sliding rod on the clamping frame is connected with an annular sliding groove formed in the shaking rotating plate in a sliding fit mode, a clamping plate is arranged on the inner side surface of the clamping frame through a hinge, the clamping plate is of an arc-shaped structure, a clamping plate spring is arranged between the outer side surface of the clamping plate and the inner side surface of the clamping frame, and a clamping tooth is arranged on the inner side surface of the left end of the clamping plate;
the bottom with the internal stay telescopic link is connected on the middle part medial surface of holding frame, the fagging in installing on the top of internal stay telescopic link, arc structure in the internal stay board, the cover is equipped with the internal stay spring on the outer end of internal stay telescopic link, concrete during operation, fixture can carry out the centre gripping action with the crucible, when the centre gripping cylinder carries out the extension motion, the left end of holding frame can the inward movement, the slide bar of holding frame lower extreme can prevent that the centre gripping frame from taking place the dislocation when rotating, splint can grasp the crucible of different models under the effect of hinge, the latch that the inboard setting of splint left end can increase the frictional force when the crucible centre gripping, the right-hand member of crucible can be propped to the internal stay board under the effect of internal stay spring, increase the stability of crucible.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the shaking mechanism in the fourth step comprises a shaking sliding plate, a shaking frame, a shaking push rod, a shaking rotating plate and a shaking spring, wherein the shaking sliding plate is positioned above the lifting plate, the shaking frame is arranged at the bottom of the shaking sliding plate, the lower end of the shaking frame is connected with a sliding groove arranged at the top of the lifting plate in a sliding fit manner, the top of the shaking push rod is arranged at the right end of the shaking frame, and the bottom of the shaking push rod is arranged at the top of the right end of the lifting plate;
the top of the sliding plate is provided with a shaking rotating plate through a hinge, the sliding plate is shaken and a shaking spring is arranged between the rotating plates, the top of the shaking rotating plate is provided with an annular sliding groove, during specific work, the crucible clamped by the clamping mechanism can be controlled by the telescopic motion of the shaking push rod on the shaking mechanism to shake forwards and backwards, and the crucible can shake forwards and backwards under the blocking effect of the support frame, so that the mixture in the crucible can be uniformly heated.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the blocking mechanism in the fourth step comprises a blocking support, a blocking telescopic rod, a blocking spring, a blocking connecting plate, a blocking rotating plate and a rotating plate spring, wherein the blocking support is arranged on the side surface of the supporting base, the left end of the blocking support is connected with the bottom of the blocking telescopic rod, the blocking connecting plate is arranged on the top of the blocking telescopic rod, the blocking spring is sleeved outside the blocking telescopic rod, the blocking rotating plate is arranged on the inner side surface of the blocking connecting plate through a hinge, the blocking rotating plate is of an arc-shaped structure, the rotating plate spring is arranged between the outer side surface of the blocking rotating plate and the inner side surface of the blocking connecting plate, and during specific work, the blocking mechanism limits the shaking angle of the crucible and prevents the mixture in the crucible from spilling due to over-severe shaking of the crucible.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the stirring device in the fourth step comprises a stirring support, a stirring motor, a stirring turntable, an electric slider, a multistage push rod, a stirring rod and a position frame, wherein the stirring support is arranged on the top of a telescopic top plate, the stirring motor is arranged on the bottom of the left end of the stirring support through a motor sleeve, the stirring turntable is arranged on an output shaft of the stirring motor, the electric slider is arranged on the bottom of the stirring turntable, the bottom of the electric slider is connected with the bottom of the multistage push rod, the stirring rod is arranged on the top of the multistage push rod, the position frame is uniformly distributed at the front end and the rear end of the stirring rod, and the top of the position frame is arranged on the bottom of the electric slider; the bottom of the righting frame is provided with a shoveling sleeve, the lower end of the shoveling sleeve is of a pointed structure, the inner side face of the lower end of the righting frame is provided with a wiping cotton, when the stirring device works specifically, a mixture in the crucible can be stirred by the stirring device when being heated, the electric slider can control the multistage push rod to move left and right, so that the stirring rod arranged at the bottom of the multistage push rod can stir crucibles with different sizes, the multistage push rod is controlled to extend, the stirring rod can be inserted into the crucible, the stirring rod can be driven by the rotation of the stirring motor to complete the stirring action of the crucible, when the crucible does not need to be stirred, the multistage push rod is controlled to contract, the pointed structure at the lower end of the shoveling sleeve can scrape the mixture stained at the bottom of the stirring rod, the wiping cotton arranged on the inner side of the lower end of the righting frame can wipe the mixture at the bottom of the stirring rod, prevent to be stained with on the puddler that chemical reagent causes the influence to the heavy metal detection of soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the functions of clamping and shaking the crucible containing the soil when the soil is subjected to acid treatment and stirring the crucible when the crucible is heated, and has the advantages of clamping different types of crucibles, mechanically shaking the crucible, preventing mixture in the crucible from spilling when the crucible is shaken, mechanically stirring the crucible without potential safety hazard and the like;
the stirring device is arranged, and can automatically stir the mixture in the crucible when the mixture is heated;
thirdly, the clamping mechanism is arranged on the clamping device and can clamp crucibles with different shapes and radians;
and fourthly, a shaking mechanism and a blocking mechanism are arranged on the clamping device, the crucible clamped by the clamping mechanism can be controlled to shake back and forth by the telescopic motion of a shaking push rod on the shaking mechanism, the shaking angle of the crucible is limited by the blocking mechanism, and the phenomenon that the mixture in the crucible is scattered due to the fact that the crucible shakes too severely is prevented.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the support base, the electric heater, the support frame and the blocking mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lifter plate, the shaking mechanism, the clamping mechanism and the clamping cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the rocking plate, the clamping mechanism and the clamping cylinder;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the stirring device of the present invention with the stirring bracket and the stirring motor removed.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a soil heavy metal detection process includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil collection: firstly, cleaning weeds above a soil layer at any time, then directly pressing a plastic sampler with the length of 10 cm and the diameter of 8 cm into the soil layer, digging out the sampler by using bamboo chips or wood chips, and respectively collecting soil samples at a plurality of places in a field;
step two: and (3) air drying of the soil sample: placing the collected soil sample in a wooden tray or on plastic cloth, spreading into a thin layer with a thickness of about two centimeters, placing the thin layer indoors, turning over the thin layer at intervals by using a wooden rod or a glass rod to ventilate and dry the thin layer, removing stones in the soil sample when the soil sample is dried in the air, and simultaneously kneading large mud lumps into pieces;
step three: and (3) soil sample screening: pouring the air-dried soil sample into a steel glass bottom or a wood tray, pouring the soil sample on a 100-mesh nylon sieve, and fully and uniformly mixing the sieved samples;
step four: and (3) soil sample treatment: accurately weighing 500 mg of screened soil sample, placing the soil sample into a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, placing the crucible onto a supporting base 1, and controlling a clamping device 2 arranged on the supporting base 1 to clamp the crucible; an electric heater 4 is installed at the left end of the supporting base 1, a clamping device 2 is installed at the top of the right end of the supporting base 1, and a stirring device 3 is installed at the top of the clamping device 2; the clamping device 2 comprises a support frame 21, a blocking mechanism 22, a clamping push rod 23, a lifting plate 24, a shaking mechanism 25, a clamping mechanism 26, a clamping cylinder 27, a clamping telescopic column 28 and a telescopic top plate 29, wherein the support frame 21 is arranged on the left side surface of the upper end of the support base 1; the supporting frame 21 is of an annular structure, the inner side surface of the supporting frame 21 is an inclined surface, balls are uniformly arranged on the inner side surface of the supporting frame 21, the blocking mechanisms 22 are positioned below the supporting frame 21, and the blocking mechanisms 22 are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the middle part of the supporting base 1;
the bottom of a clamping push rod 23 is arranged on the top of the right end of the supporting base 1, a lifting plate 24 is arranged on the top of the clamping push rod 23, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the lifting plate 24, the top of the lifting plate 24 is connected with a shaking mechanism 25, two clamping mechanisms 26 are symmetrically distributed at the upper end of the shaking mechanism 25, the right ends of the two clamping mechanisms 26 are arranged on the top of the shaking mechanism 25 through pin shafts, a clamping cylinder 27 is located on the right side of the clamping mechanisms 26, the clamping cylinder 27 is a bidirectional cylinder, the middle of the clamping cylinder 27 is arranged on the top of the shaking mechanism 25, and the outer end of the clamping cylinder 27 is arranged between the two clamping mechanisms 26 through a hinge;
the top of the outer end of the lifting plate 24 is connected with the bottom of the clamping telescopic column 28, the top of the clamping telescopic column 28 is provided with a telescopic top plate 29, during specific work, the clamping device 2 can clamp and shake a crucible, the support frame 21 can support the crucible, the lower end of the crucible can be clamped in the support frame 21, the length of the clamping cylinder 27 is adjusted, the clamping mechanism 26 can clamp the crucible with different shapes and radians, then the clamping push rod 23 is controlled to perform extension movement, the position of the crucible clamped by the clamping mechanism 26 can be raised, then the shaking mechanism 25 is controlled to shake forwards and backwards, the crucible can shake forwards and backwards under the blocking effect of the support frame 21, the blocking mechanism 22 limits the shaking angle of the crucible, and the phenomenon that the mixture in the crucible is scattered due to the fact that the crucible shakes too violently is prevented;
step five: and (3) soil sample acid treatment: wetting the soil sample in the crucible with a few drops of water, and adding 20ml of concentrated HNO3The electric heater 4 is started to heat the crucible clamped on the clamping mechanism 26, when the soil sample in the crucible is heated to be thick, 20ml of HF is added and heating is continued, the shaking mechanism 25 is controlled to shake the crucible in the heating process, the stirring device 3 is controlled to stir the mixture in the crucible, and then 20ml of HCLO is added4The heated white smoke is exhausted, the inner wall of the crucible is washed by water finally, the volume is fixed to 60ml after cooling, when the crucible heating device works specifically, the electric heater 4 can heat the crucible, the electric heater 4 has the advantages of stable and uniform heating, high temperature adjusting speed and the like, the stirring device 3 can stir the mixture in the crucible, and the whole height of the stirring device 3 can be adjusted through the telescopic motion of the clamping telescopic column 28;
step six: and (3) metal detection: detecting copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and chromium in the crucible by adopting a method of direct flame atomic absorption, extraction flame atomic absorption and flameless atomic absorption;
step seven: and (3) detection and recording: and recording the detection result, repeating the steps, and obtaining an average value of the three detection results, namely the heavy metal content of the soil.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the clamping mechanism 26 in step four includes a clamping frame 261, a clamping plate 262, a clamping plate spring 263, an inner supporting telescopic rod 264, an inner supporting spring 265 and an inner supporting plate 266, the clamping frame 261 is installed on the upper end surface of the middle portion of the swinging rotating plate 254 through a pin, and the left end of the clamping frame 261 is of an arc structure; a sliding rod is arranged at the lower end of the clamping frame 261, the sliding rod on the clamping frame 261 is connected with an annular sliding groove arranged on the shaking rotating plate 254 in a sliding fit mode, a clamping plate 262 is arranged on the inner side surface of the clamping frame 261 through a hinge, the clamping plate 262 is of an arc-shaped structure, a clamping plate spring 263 is arranged between the outer side surface of the clamping plate 262 and the inner side surface of the clamping frame 261, and a clamping tooth is arranged on the inner side surface of the left end of the clamping plate 262;
be connected with the bottom of internal stay telescopic link 264 on the middle part medial surface of holding frame 261, install interior fagging 266 on the top of internal stay telescopic link 264, arc structure in the interior fagging 266, the cover is equipped with internal stay spring 265 on the outer end of internal stay telescopic link 264, in concrete during operation, fixture 26 can carry out the centre gripping action with the crucible, when centre gripping cylinder 27 carries out the extension motion, the left end of holding frame 261 can the inward movement, the slide bar of holding frame 261 lower extreme can prevent that holding frame 261 from taking place the dislocation when rotating, the crucible of different models can be held to splint 262 under the effect of hinge, the latch that splint 262 left end inboard set up can increase the frictional force when the crucible centre gripping, the right-hand member of crucible can be supported under the effect of internal stay spring 265 to interior fagging 266, the stability of crucible is increased.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rocking mechanism 25 in step four includes a rocking slide plate 251, a rocking frame 252, a rocking push rod 253, a rocking rotation plate 254 and a rocking spring 255, the rocking slide plate 251 is located above the lifting plate 24, the rocking frame 252 is installed on the bottom of the rocking slide plate 251, the lower end of the rocking frame 252 is connected with a sliding slot arranged on the top of the lifting plate 24 in a sliding fit manner, the top of the rocking push rod 253 is installed on the right end of the rocking frame 252, and the bottom of the rocking push rod 253 is installed on the top of the right end of the lifting plate 24;
the top of the shaking sliding plate 251 is provided with a shaking rotating plate 254 through a hinge, a shaking spring 255 is arranged between the shaking sliding plate 251 and the shaking rotating plate 254, the top of the shaking rotating plate 254 is provided with an annular sliding groove, during specific work, the crucible clamped by the clamping mechanism 26 can be controlled by the telescopic motion of the shaking push rod 253 on the shaking mechanism 25 to shake forwards and backwards, and the crucible can shake forwards and backwards under the blocking effect of the support frame 21, so that the mixture in the crucible can be uniformly heated.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the blocking mechanism 22 in the fourth step includes a blocking bracket 221, a blocking telescopic rod 222, a blocking spring 223, a blocking connecting plate 224, a blocking rotating plate 225 and a rotating plate spring 226, the blocking bracket 221 is installed on the side surface of the supporting base 1, the left end of the blocking bracket 221 is connected to the bottom of the blocking telescopic rod 222, the blocking connecting plate 224 is installed on the top of the blocking telescopic rod 222, the blocking spring 223 is sleeved outside the blocking telescopic rod 222, the blocking rotating plate 225 is installed on the inner side surface of the blocking connecting plate 224 through a hinge, the blocking rotating plate 225 is an arc-shaped structure, the rotating plate spring 226 is installed between the outer side surface of the blocking rotating plate 225 and the inner side surface of the blocking connecting plate 224, and in specific operation, the blocking mechanism 22 limits the angle of the crucible shaking, and prevents the mixture in the crucible from spilling due to an excessively severe shaking of the crucible.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the stirring apparatus 3 in the fourth step includes a stirring support 31, a stirring motor 32, a stirring turntable 33, an electric slider 34, a multistage push rod 35, a stirring rod 36 and a positioning frame 37, the stirring support 31 is installed on the top of the telescopic top plate 29, the stirring motor 32 is installed on the bottom of the left end of the stirring support 31 through a motor sleeve, the stirring turntable 33 is installed on an output shaft of the stirring motor 32, the electric slider 34 is installed on the bottom of the stirring turntable 33, the bottom of the electric slider 34 is connected with the bottom of the multistage push rod 35, the stirring rod 36 is installed on the top of the multistage push rod 35, the positioning frame 37 is distributed on both front and rear ends of the stirring rod 36, and the top of the positioning frame 37 is installed on the bottom of the electric slider 34; the bottom of the righting frame 37 is provided with a shoveling sleeve 38, the lower end of the shoveling sleeve 38 is of a pointed structure, the inner side face of the lower end of the righting frame 37 is provided with wiping cotton, during specific work, the stirring device 3 can stir the mixture in the crucible when heating the mixture, the electric slider 34 can control the multistage push rod 35 to move left and right, so that the stirring rod 36 arranged at the bottom of the multistage push rod 35 can stir crucibles with different sizes, the multistage push rod 35 is controlled to extend, the stirring rod 36 can be inserted into the crucible, the rotation of the stirring motor 32 can drive the stirring rod 36 to complete the stirring action of the crucible, when the crucibles are not required to be stirred, the multistage push rod 35 is controlled to contract, the pointed structure at the lower end of the shoveling sleeve 38 can scrape the mixture stained with the bottom of the stirring rod 36, the wiping cotton arranged at the inner side of the lower end of the righting frame 37 can wipe the mixture at the bottom of the stirring rod 36, and the influence of chemical reagents on the soil heavy metal detection is prevented from being stained on the stirring rod 36.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A soil heavy metal detection process is characterized in that: the soil heavy metal detection process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil collection: firstly, cleaning weeds above a soil layer at any time, then directly pressing a plastic sampler with the length of 10 cm and the diameter of 8 cm into the soil layer, digging out the sampler by using bamboo chips or wood chips, and respectively collecting soil samples at a plurality of places in a field;
step two: and (3) air drying of the soil sample: placing the collected soil sample in a wooden tray or on plastic cloth, spreading into a thin layer with a thickness of about two centimeters, placing the thin layer indoors, turning over the thin layer at intervals by using a wooden rod or a glass rod to ventilate and dry the thin layer, removing stones in the soil sample when the soil sample is dried in the air, and simultaneously kneading large mud lumps into pieces;
step three: and (3) soil sample screening: pouring the air-dried soil sample into a steel glass bottom or a wood tray, pouring the soil sample on a 100-mesh nylon sieve, and fully and uniformly mixing the sieved samples;
step four: and (3) soil sample treatment: accurately weighing 500 mg of screened soil sample, placing the soil sample into a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, placing the crucible onto a supporting base (1), and controlling a clamping device (2) arranged on the supporting base (1) to clamp the crucible; an electric heater (4) is installed at the left end of the supporting base (1), a clamping device (2) is installed at the top of the right end of the supporting base (1), and a stirring device (3) is installed at the top of the clamping device (2); the clamping device (2) comprises a support frame (21), a blocking mechanism (22), a clamping push rod (23), a lifting plate (24), a shaking mechanism (25), a clamping mechanism (26), a clamping cylinder (27), a clamping telescopic column (28) and a telescopic top plate (29), wherein the support frame (21) is installed on the left side surface of the upper end of the support base (1), the blocking mechanism (22) is located below the support frame (21), and the blocking mechanisms (22) are symmetrically installed on the side surface of the middle part of the support base (1);
the bottom of a clamping push rod (23) is installed on the top of the right end of a supporting base (1), a lifting plate (24) is installed on the top of the clamping push rod (23), a sliding groove is formed in the top of the lifting plate (24), the top of the lifting plate (24) is connected with a shaking mechanism (25), two clamping mechanisms (26) are symmetrically distributed at the upper end of the shaking mechanism (25), the right ends of the two clamping mechanisms (26) are installed on the top of the shaking mechanism (25) through pin shafts, a clamping cylinder (27) is located on the right side of the clamping mechanisms (26), the clamping cylinder (27) is a bidirectional cylinder, the middle of the clamping cylinder (27) is installed on the top of the shaking mechanism (25), and the outer end of the clamping cylinder (27) is installed between the two clamping mechanisms (26) through a hinge;
the shaking mechanism (25) comprises a shaking sliding plate (251), a shaking frame (252), a shaking push rod (253), a shaking rotating plate (254) and a shaking spring (255), the shaking sliding plate (251) is positioned above the lifting plate (24), the shaking frame (252) is installed on the bottom of the shaking sliding plate (251), the lower end of the shaking frame (252) is connected with a sliding groove formed in the top of the lifting plate (24) in a sliding fit mode, the top of the shaking push rod (253) is installed on the right end of the shaking frame (252), and the bottom of the shaking push rod (253) is installed on the top of the right end of the lifting plate (24);
a shaking rotating plate (254) is arranged on the top of the shaking sliding plate (251) through a hinge, a shaking spring (255) is arranged between the shaking sliding plate (251) and the shaking rotating plate (254), and an annular sliding groove is formed in the top of the shaking rotating plate (254);
the top of the outer end of the lifting plate (24) is connected with the bottom of the clamping telescopic column (28), and a telescopic top plate (29) is arranged on the top of the clamping telescopic column (28);
step five: and (3) soil sample acid treatment: wetting the soil sample in the crucible with a few drops of water, and adding 20ml of concentrated HNO3The electric heater (4) is started to enable the crucible clamped on the clamping mechanism (26) to be heated, when the soil sample in the crucible is heated to be thick, 20ml of HF is added and heating is continued, the shaking mechanism (25) is controlled to shake the crucible in the heating process, the stirring device (3) is controlled to stir the mixture in the crucible, and then 20ml of HCLO is added4Heating until white smoke is exhausted, finally washing the inner wall of the crucible by water, and cooling and fixing the volume to 60 ml;
step six: and (3) metal detection: detecting copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and chromium in the crucible by adopting a method of direct flame atomic absorption, extraction flame atomic absorption and flameless atomic absorption;
step seven: and (3) detection and recording: and recording the detection result, repeating the steps, and obtaining an average value of the three detection results, namely the heavy metal content of the soil.
2. The soil heavy metal detection process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blocking mechanism (22) in the fourth step comprises a blocking support (221), a blocking telescopic rod (222), a blocking spring (223), a blocking connecting plate (224), a blocking rotating plate (225) and a rotating plate spring (226), wherein the blocking support (221) is installed on the side face of the supporting base (1), the left end of the blocking support (221) is connected with the bottom of the blocking telescopic rod (222), the blocking connecting plate (224) is installed on the top of the blocking telescopic rod (222), the blocking spring (223) is sleeved on the outer side of the blocking telescopic rod (222), the blocking rotating plate (225) is installed on the inner side face of the blocking connecting plate (224) through a hinge, the blocking rotating plate (225) is of an arc-shaped structure, and the rotating plate spring (226) is installed between the outer side face of the blocking rotating plate (225) and the inner side face of the blocking connecting plate (224).
3. The soil heavy metal detection process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting frame (21) in the fourth step is of an annular structure, the inner side face of the supporting frame (21) is an inclined face, and balls are uniformly arranged on the inner side face of the supporting frame (21).
4. The soil heavy metal detection process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamping mechanism (26) in the fourth step comprises a clamping frame (261), a clamping plate (262), a clamping plate spring (263), an inner supporting telescopic rod (264), an inner supporting spring (265) and an inner supporting plate (266), wherein the clamping frame (261) is installed on the upper end face of the middle part of the swinging rotating plate (254) through a pin shaft, the left end of the clamping frame (261) is of an arc-shaped structure, the clamping plate (262) is installed on the inner side face of the clamping frame (261) through a hinge, the clamping plate (262) is of an arc-shaped structure, the clamping plate spring (263) is installed between the outer side face of the clamping plate (262) and the inner side face of the clamping frame (261), and the inner side face of the left end of the clamping plate (262) is provided with a clamping tooth;
the middle inner side face of the clamping frame (261) is connected with the bottom of the inner supporting telescopic rod (264), an inner supporting plate (266) is installed on the top of the inner supporting telescopic rod (264), the inner supporting plate (266) is of an inner arc structure, and the outer end of the inner supporting telescopic rod (264) is sleeved with an inner supporting spring (265).
5. The soil heavy metal detection process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring device (3) in the fourth step comprises a stirring bracket (31), a stirring motor (32), a stirring turntable (33), an electric slide block (34), a multi-stage push rod (35), a stirring rod (36) and a righting frame (37), stirring support (31) are installed on the top of flexible roof (29), agitator motor (32) are installed on the left end bottom of stirring support (31) through the motor cover, install stirring carousel (33) on the output shaft of agitator motor (32), install on the bottom of stirring carousel (33) electronic slider (34), the bottom and the bottom of multistage push rod (35) of electronic slider (34) are connected, install puddler (36) on the top of multistage push rod (35), cloth has one normal position frame (37) is equallyd divide at both ends around puddler (36), install on the bottom of electronic slider (34) at the top of normal position frame (37).
6. The soil heavy metal detection process according to claim 4, characterized in that: the lower extreme of holding frame (261) be provided with the slide bar, the slide bar on holding frame (261) is connected through sliding fit's mode and the annular spout that rocks commentaries on classics board (254) and set up.
7. The soil heavy metal detection process of claim 5, wherein: the bottom of the righting frame (37) is provided with a shoveling sleeve (38), the lower end of the shoveling sleeve (38) is of a pointed structure, and the inner side surface of the lower end of the righting frame (37) is provided with wiping cotton.
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Denomination of invention: A Soil Heavy Metal Detection Process Effective date of registration: 20230526 Granted publication date: 20210803 Pledgee: Jiangsu Jiangyin Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. high tech Zone sub branch Pledgor: JIANGYIN QIUHAO TESTING Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980041975 |