CN109786698A - A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell - Google Patents

A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109786698A
CN109786698A CN201811643349.1A CN201811643349A CN109786698A CN 109786698 A CN109786698 A CN 109786698A CN 201811643349 A CN201811643349 A CN 201811643349A CN 109786698 A CN109786698 A CN 109786698A
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ion battery
lithium ion
shell
preparation
coated
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石珉滈
王志勇
皮涛
石磊
黄越华
邵浩明
余梦泽
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Hunan Branch Star Graphite Co
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Hunan Branch Star Graphite Co
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode materials and preparation method thereof coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell, use one or more small organic molecules containing two or more element in C, H, O, N for carbon source, and described organic matter itself has certain cyclic structure, under suitable catalyst and thermodynamic condition, one layer of extendable carbon materials material shell is cracked to form on the powder surface of cathode material for lithium ion battery.Gained cathode material for lithium ion battery of the invention is in lithium ion telescopiny, and film basic structure keeps good, and during de- lithium, shell only has slight retraction, greatly improves cycle performance.

Description

A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery yin coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell Pole material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell and its preparation side Method, this method pass through controllable cracking, can form one layer of inorganic extending carbon material clad outside active material particle, so that Material surface coating layer in charge and discharge process can extend with the expansion of interior active substance and material take off lithium after It slightly retracts, so that the SEI film that active material surface is formed is relatively stable, improves the cycle performance of material.
Background technique
Due to the limitation of current material system, the energy density of commercialization rocking chair type lithium ion battery and battery pack is Reach bottleneck.In order to promote the energy density of commercialized lithium ion battery and its battery pack, meet the requirement of market and application, High capacity cathode material is one of the important development direction of the following lithium ion battery negative material.However the lithium-ion electric of high capacity The oxide or halide of pool cathode material such as transition metal.But this kind of material there is a problem that it is several main, first The very poor even insulator of the most of electric conductivity of such material;Second such material is during removal lithium embedded because volume expansion is excessive And leading to fragmentation, and during prolonged expansion is shunk, SEI membrane interface is unstable and the problem of generating repeatedly causes electrochemistry The rapid decay of performance.Current mainstream processing method is to carry out primary cladding processing on the cationic materials surface of high capacity, But current organic conductive clad selling at exorbitant prices, and performance is not ideal enough.
Such as CN201310062991.1, prepared by borontrifluoride iron cathode material coated using acetylene black machinery, packet Coating is fragile uneven, easily falls off, can not play good protecting effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a kind of to be with inorganic extending carbon material The nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof of shell cladding.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell, it is characterised in that:
(I) cathode material for lithium ion battery is core-shell structure, the shell in the core-shell structure: the class stone adulterated by several N Black carbon-coating is constituted;
(II) the class graphite carbon-coating is made of by way of M type is superimposed multilayer carbon with multiple curling folds, is formed extending The multilayer carbon nanowalls array structure of curling, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2;
(III) core in the core-shell structure: by carrying out charge and discharge process by removal lithium embedded in rocking chair type lithium-ion battery system In with volume expansion active material particle constitute.
A kind of preparation method of the nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell, Characterized by comprising the following steps:
B1, carbon source, the powder core for making negative electrode of lithium ion battery and catalyst are placed in reactor, then are passed through inert gas Displaced air atmosphere and by pressure control in 1atm-5atm;
B2, after stable gas pressure and oxygen content is lower than after 200ppm, reactor is warming up to 500-1200 DEG C, carries out catalytic pyrolysis 1- 8h;
B3, the product of step B2 catalytic pyrolysis is naturally cooled to 65 DEG C hereinafter, then pressure release and remove inert protective atmosphere, obtained To the nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell.
Preferably, in step B1, the carbon source is containing two or more element in C, H, O, N and molecular structure has There are one or more of small organic molecules of certain cyclic structure, wherein at least one small organic molecule contains N element, institute State carbon source be heterocyclic compound, it is pyridines, miazines, the complex compound containing phenyl ring and nitrogen, benzene derivate, amide derivatives, miscellaneous One of aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a variety of.
Preferably, in step B1, the carbon source, catalyst are placed in reactor directly in the form of solid phase or liquid phase;Or Carbon source, catalyst gasification merging reactor are passed through mixed inert gas, are cracked after reactor reaches reaction condition Deposition.
Preferably, described to be used to that make the powder core of negative electrode of lithium ion battery be in rocking chair type lithium-ion electric in step B1 In pond body system by removal lithium embedded carry out charge and discharge process in have volume expansion active material particle, it is described be used to make lithium from The powder core of sub- battery cathode is the simple substance of the IVth major element and its forms with one or more of in F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, O Compound.
Preferably, in step B2, reactor heating at the uniform velocity heating or it is non-at the uniform velocity heat up, or in temperature-rise period Be arranged moderate soak link, but average heating rate should control 0.2 DEG C per minute to 20 DEG C per minute between.
Preferably, the air pressure is constant pressure or pulsed air pressure, and when using pulsed air pressure, the pressure of the air pressure is taken The pressure difference of intermediate value air pressure, limiting pressure and intermediate value air pressure is not more than ± the 30% of intermediate value air pressure.
Preferably, the inert gas minute ventilation volume is not more than the 20% of reactor total volume, preferably 0.1%- 10%。
Preferably, the catalyst is that one of molybdenum, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, platinum, titanium, calcium halophosphate activated by antimony andmanganese, aluminium, silicon are single The alloy of matter or several simple substance, covalent compound, complex, complex compound or cyclopentadienyl compounds.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the catalyst is not more than 10%, preferably 0.05%-5.5%.
Experiment discovery, by rationally controlling the condition of nitrogen-doping and catalysis, N element can be made be graphitized N or The form of pyridine N is doped into graphite linings, is easy in view of multi-layer graphene monocrystalline itself because intermolecular Van der Waals force generates pleat Wrinkle, does not destroy carbon-coating.The incorporation of N element changes sp between original fixed C-C2The structure of hydridization formation hexaplanar;Together When during doping because its polyelectron and C-N key mainly exist in the form of σ key, induction is so that C-C key between carbon-coating Also there is the σ key of sp hydridization.There is angle bending so as to cause the plane carbon-coating for itself shoulding be hexaplanar grid.When passing through Reaction condition can form continuous outside powder material particles core and uniformly have this kind when carrying out control appropriate to doping The cathode material for lithium ion battery of the special curling extending film coated of multilayer carbon nanowalls.
With current material compared with structure, the present invention is originally prepared for a kind of inorganic extending carbon materials of core-shell structure Expect that the cathode material for lithium ion battery of cladding, the material can be by with to contain two or more element in C, H, O, N Organic matter (this kind of organic matter also need itself have certain cyclic structure can for coordination ring, pyridine ring, phenyl ring etc.) be carbon Source, one layer can be cracked to form on the powder surface of cathode material for lithium ion battery by giving suitable catalyst and thermodynamic condition The cathode material for lithium ion battery coated using crimping extending carbon material as shell:
1. resulting carbon coating layer under the premise of with preferable electronic conductivity, can also endure the expansion of matrix.
2. clad is complete, continuously due to being coated using gas phase.
3. the various industrialization processing technologys being adapted in battery core preparation process cause since original state is compact texture It is destroyed preset structure not.
4. method is relatively simple controllable, equipment requirement is not high, is conducive to volume production.
5. the cathode material for lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention with inorganic extending carbon material cladding is tight in the preparation Close core-shell structure, in lithium ion telescopiny, as the expansion curling carbon-coating of matrix is drawn as the state of opposing straight, Film basic structure keeps good.During de- lithium, shell only has slight retraction, forms stable interface with electrolyte, Guarantee the relatively stable of SEI film, to promote cycle performance.And the state that carbon coating layer is drawn as opposing straight is crimped, it wraps Coating basic structure keeps that fracture failure does not occur well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the shell structure schematic diagram of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material.
Fig. 2 is the TEM figure of the shell structure of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material.
Fig. 3 is the FeF after cladding3Composite particles SEM figure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the cathode material for lithium ion battery of the inorganic extending carbon material cladding of core-shell structure, step is such as Under:
(I) using benzene and acetamide as raw material, mass ratio 1:1 mixing.
(II) by 500g FeOF nano particle, Ni cyclopentadienyl compounds are respectively put into reaction cavity, and it is total that benzene and acetamide account for mixture The 12% of quality is controlled reactor in 1atm constant pressure with argon atmosphere, and oxygen content is lower than 200ppm.
(III) continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1atm, and with the heating of 0.2 DEG C/min Reactor is warming up to 500 DEG C by rate.
(IV) when temperature rises to 500 DEG C, gas is switched to mixed gas in (I), with 1L/min speed by gaseous mixture Body is passed through reactor, and is warming up to 750 DEG C with 0.2 DEG C of rate per minute and keeps the temperature 2 hours.
(V) it is switched to nitrogen after reaction to continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1atm 65 DEG C of pressure releases are naturally cooling to, grinding, broken, sieving can obtain the FeOF material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell Material,
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the cathode material for lithium ion battery of the inorganic extending carbon material cladding of core-shell structure, step is such as Under:
(I) it using toluene and amino-formaldehyde as raw material, is mixed after flashing to gas with volume ratio 1:1, mixed gas argon nitrogen It is diluted to 30% volume fraction.
(II) by 500g FeF3Nano particle, cupric ammine complex are respectively put into reaction cavity, with argon atmosphere by reactor Control is lower than 200ppm in 1.5atm constant pressure, oxygen content.
(III) continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.5atm, and with the liter of 10 DEG C/min Reactor is warming up to 500 DEG C by warm rate.
(IV) when temperature rises to 500 DEG C, gas is switched to mixed gas in (I), with 1L/min speed by gaseous mixture Body is passed through reactor, and is warming up to 850 DEG C with 5 DEG C of rates per minute and keeps the temperature 4 hours.
(V) it is switched to argon gas after reaction to continue to lead to nitrogen with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.5atm is naturally cooling to 45 DEG C of pressure releases, what grinding, broken, sieving can obtain coating using inorganic extending carbon material as shell FeF3Material.
The FeF3The SEM figure of material is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of the cathode material for lithium ion battery of the inorganic extending carbon material cladding of core-shell structure, step is such as Under:
(I) using benzene and acetamide as raw material, flash to volume ratio 1:1 mixing after gas, mixed gas with argon-dilution extremely 30% volume fraction.
(II) by 500g CuF2Nano particle is put into reaction cavity, is controlled reactor in 1.2atm perseverance with argon atmosphere Pressure, oxygen content are lower than 200ppm.
(III) continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.2atm, and with the liter of 20 DEG C/min Reactor is warming up to 500 DEG C by warm rate.
(IV) when temperature rises to 500 DEG C, gas is switched to mixed gas in (I), with 1L/min speed by gaseous mixture Body is passed through reactor, and is warming up to 1200 DEG C with 20 DEG C of rates per minute and keeps the temperature 2 hours.
(V) it is switched to nitrogen after reaction to continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.2atm is naturally cooling to 65 DEG C of pressure releases, what grinding, broken, sieving can obtain coating using inorganic extending carbon material as shell CuF2Material.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of the cathode material for lithium ion battery of the inorganic extending carbon material cladding of core-shell structure, step is such as Under:
(I) using benzene and acetamide as raw material, flash to volume ratio 1:1 mixing after gas, mixed gas with argon-dilution extremely 30% volume fraction.
(II) by 500g CuF2 &FeF3Mixing nano particle 1:1 is put into reaction cavity, with argon atmosphere by reactor control System is lower than 200ppm in 1.2atm constant pressure, oxygen content.
(III) continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.2atm, and with the liter of 20 DEG C/min Reactor is warming up to 500 DEG C by warm rate.
(IV) when temperature rises to 500 DEG C, gas is switched to mixed gas in (I), with 1L/min speed by gaseous mixture Body is passed through reactor, and pressure control is in the pulse of 0.7-1.3atm, and low pressure high pressure constant voltage time is 10 minutes, boost process 30 Second.And 1200 DEG C are warming up to 20 DEG C of rates per minute and keeps the temperature 2 hours.
(V) it is switched to nitrogen after reaction to continue to lead to argon gas with the ventilatory capacity of 80mL/min, pressure is maintained at 1.2atm is naturally cooling to 65 DEG C of pressure releases, what grinding, broken, sieving can obtain coating using inorganic extending carbon material as shell CuF2Material.
Performance test
To the electricity for the cathode material for lithium ion battery of above three embodiments preparation coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell Chemical property is tested, and result is as shown in the table:

Claims (10)

1. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell, it is characterised in that:
(I) cathode material for lithium ion battery is core-shell structure, the shell in the core-shell structure: the class stone adulterated by several N Black carbon-coating is constituted;
(II) the class graphite carbon-coating is made of by way of M type is superimposed multilayer carbon with multiple curling folds, is formed extending The multilayer carbon nanowalls array structure of curling;
(III) core in the core-shell structure: by carrying out charge and discharge process by removal lithium embedded in rocking chair type lithium-ion battery system In with volume expansion active material particle constitute.
2. a kind of preparation method of the nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell, It is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
B1, carbon source, the powder core for making negative electrode of lithium ion battery and catalyst are placed in reactor, then are passed through inert gas Displaced air atmosphere and by pressure control in 1atm-5atm;
B2, after stable gas pressure and oxygen content is lower than after 200ppm, reactor is warming up to 500-1200 DEG C, carries out catalytic pyrolysis 1- 8h;
B3, the product of step B2 catalytic pyrolysis is naturally cooled to 65 DEG C hereinafter, then pressure release and remove inert protective atmosphere, obtained To the nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell.
3. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: in step B1, the carbon source is to contain two or more element in C, H, O, N And molecular structure has one or more of small organic molecules of certain cyclic structure, wherein at least one small organic molecule Containing N element, the carbon source is heterocyclic compound, pyridines, miazines, the complex compound containing phenyl ring and nitrogen, benzene derivate, acyl One of amine derivative, heteroaromatic hydrocarbon are a variety of.
4. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: in step B1, the carbon source, catalyst are placed in directly in the form of solid phase or liquid phase Reactor;Or carbon source, catalyst gasification merging reactor are passed through mixed inert gas after reactor reaches reaction condition Body carries out cracking deposition.
5. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: described to be used to that make the powder core of negative electrode of lithium ion battery be in rocking chair in step B1 The active material particle in charge and discharge process with volume expansion, the use are carried out by removal lithium embedded in formula lithium-ion battery system Come make simple substance that the powder core of negative electrode of lithium ion battery is the IVth major element and its with it is a kind of in F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, O Or the compound of several compositions.
6. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: in step B2, reactor heating at the uniform velocity heating or it is non-at the uniform velocity heat up, or In temperature-rise period be arranged moderate soak link, but average heating rate should control 0.2 DEG C per minute to 20 DEG C it is per minute it Between.
7. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: the air pressure is constant pressure or pulsed air pressure, described when using pulsed air pressure The pressure of air pressure takes intermediate value air pressure, ± 30% of pressure difference no more than intermediate value air pressure of limiting pressure and intermediate value air pressure.
8. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: the inert gas minute ventilation volume is not more than the 20% of reactor total volume, excellent Choosing is 0.1%-10%.
9. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that: the catalyst is molybdenum, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, platinum, titanium, calcium halophosphate activated by antimony andmanganese, aluminium, silicon One of simple substance or several simple substance alloy, covalent compound, complex, complex compound or cyclopentadienyl compounds.
10. a kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery yin coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell as claimed in claim 2 The preparation method of pole material, it is characterised in that: the mass fraction of the catalyst is not more than 10%, preferably 0.05%-5.5%.
CN201811643349.1A 2018-12-29 2018-12-29 A kind of nucleocapsid structure lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof coated using inorganic extending carbon material as shell Pending CN109786698A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113241443A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-08-10 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Ferric fluoride/carbon composite positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
US11342561B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-05-24 Lyten, Inc. Protective polymeric lattices for lithium anodes in lithium-sulfur batteries
US11398622B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-07-26 Lyten, Inc. Protective layer including tin fluoride disposed on a lithium anode in a lithium-sulfur battery
US11735745B2 (en) 2021-06-16 2023-08-22 Lyten, Inc. Lithium-air battery

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CN106898759A (en) * 2017-04-25 2017-06-27 张廷祥 The preparation method and graphene lithium ion battery group of graphene lithium ion battery cathode pole piece
CN108346791A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-31 中国矿业大学 Lithium ion battery silicon/nitrogen-doped graphene composite material and preparation method thereof and application
CN108609614A (en) * 2018-05-28 2018-10-02 天津大学 A kind of preparation method of blue, purple fluorescent single nitrogen-doped graphene

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CN103663441A (en) * 2013-12-04 2014-03-26 薛卫东 Method for preparing aza graphene and nanometer metal graphene through solid phase cracking method
CN106898759A (en) * 2017-04-25 2017-06-27 张廷祥 The preparation method and graphene lithium ion battery group of graphene lithium ion battery cathode pole piece
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11342561B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-05-24 Lyten, Inc. Protective polymeric lattices for lithium anodes in lithium-sulfur batteries
US11398622B2 (en) 2019-10-25 2022-07-26 Lyten, Inc. Protective layer including tin fluoride disposed on a lithium anode in a lithium-sulfur battery
CN113241443A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-08-10 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Ferric fluoride/carbon composite positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
US11735745B2 (en) 2021-06-16 2023-08-22 Lyten, Inc. Lithium-air battery

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