CN109780973B - Method and measuring tool for measuring space point-to-face distance of bevel gear box - Google Patents
Method and measuring tool for measuring space point-to-face distance of bevel gear box Download PDFInfo
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- CN109780973B CN109780973B CN201910222246.6A CN201910222246A CN109780973B CN 109780973 B CN109780973 B CN 109780973B CN 201910222246 A CN201910222246 A CN 201910222246A CN 109780973 B CN109780973 B CN 109780973B
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Abstract
The application discloses a measuring method and a measuring tool for the distance from a space point to a surface of an bevel gear box, which belong to the field of measuring methods and are used for measuring the bevel gear box, and comprise a measuring tool A and a measuring tool B, wherein the measuring tool A and the measuring tool B both comprise dial indicators, the measuring tool A also comprises a base A, a mandrel A, a pair of gauge blocks, a measuring body A and the dial indicators, the mandrel A is arranged on the base A, the dial indicators are arranged on the measuring body A, and the pair of gauge blocks are positioned on the upper surface of the base A; the measuring tool B further comprises a base B, a mandrel B, a pair of measuring sleeves and a measuring body B, wherein the mandrel B is located on the base B, the dial indicator is installed on the measuring body B, and the pair of measuring sleeves are located on the upper surface of the base B. In view of the technical scheme, the application can realize the distance measurement between the intersection point of the two bevel gear axes in the bevel gear box and the positioning step of the two bevel gear bearings under the condition of non-damage of the bevel gear box body, has the advantages of high efficiency and high speed, and can repeatedly measure to reduce measurement errors.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of measuring methods, and particularly relates to a measuring method and a measuring tool for a space point-to-surface distance of an bevel gear box.
Background
The distance between the intersection point of the axes of two bevel gears in the small bevel gear box body represented by garden machines such as a brush cutter and the like and the positioning steps of two bevel gear bearings is respectively shown in the structures in fig. 1 and 2, and the distance is the key size of the bevel gear box body, so that the problems of transmission precision, efficiency loss, heating of the gear box, service life of the bevel gears and the like are related.
However, the intersection point of the axes of the two bevel gears described in the above paragraph is a virtual point in space, and the intersection point is located inside the bevel gear box body, and the step surfaces of the bearings are small, which makes measurement difficult. The current common measurement method is to cut open the bevel gear box body and measure the bevel gear box body by adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument. However, the measurement method has low measurement efficiency, causes irrecoverable damage to the bevel gear box body, and is not suitable for multi-piece and multi-frequency measurement.
When the part is not cut, a three-coordinate measuring instrument is adopted to obtain a space intersection point, the distance from the intersection point to one axial step is measured, the machining quantity of the machine tool is adjusted through multiple times of trial machining until the dimension strictly accords with the theoretical dimension, and the measuring tool is used for measuring the distance from the other axial direction. The above method has low measurement efficiency, and the step distance from the intersection point of the first measurement to the axial direction must be strictly close to a theoretical value, but the theoretical value is difficult to meet in the actual machining process. Secondly, in the above method, there is a significant relationship between the first measured value and the second measured value, which results in that the measured values in two directions cannot determine the allowable range, which makes it difficult to accept the qualified products.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a measuring method and a measuring tool for the space point-to-surface distance of an bevel gear box, which can realize the distance measurement of the intersection point of two bevel gear axes in the bevel gear box to two bevel gear bearing positioning steps respectively under the condition of not damaging the bevel gear box body, and have the advantages of high efficiency and high speed, and can repeatedly measure to reduce the measuring error.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
The measuring tool comprises a measuring tool A, a measuring tool B, wherein the measuring tool A and the measuring tool B both comprise dial gauges, the measuring tool A also comprises a base A, a mandrel A, a pair of gauge blocks, a measuring body A and the dial gauges, the mandrel A is arranged on the base A, the dial gauges are arranged on the measuring body A, and the pair of gauge blocks are positioned on the upper surface of the base A; the measuring tool B further comprises a base B, a mandrel B, a pair of measuring sleeves and a measuring body B, wherein the mandrel B is located on the base B, the dial indicator is installed on the measuring body B, and the pair of measuring sleeves are located on the upper surface of the base B.
Further, the mandrel A and the mandrel B in the application both comprise cylindrical surfaces matched with the reference hole and the reference step surface of the workpiece and cones arranged at the space point O, and the cone angle of the cones is theta.
Further, in the application, the measuring body A is a hollow pipe body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and is connected with the dial indicator through the upper opening; an opening through which the mandrel A passes is formed in the side surface of the measuring body A.
Further, the measuring body B is a hollow pipe body with an upper opening and a lower opening.
A measuring method of the space point-to-surface distance of an bevel gear box adopts a measuring tool A to measure the A-direction dimension of a workpiece, and adopts a measuring tool B to measure the B-direction dimension of the workpiece;
Before measurement, a three-coordinate measuring instrument is used for confirming that the intersection of the axes of two bearing holes on a workpiece meets the form and position tolerance requirement and the included angle of the two axes meets the angle requirement;
When the dimension of the workpiece A in the direction is measured, firstly, a dial indicator arranged on a measuring body A needs to be zeroed on a counter block; the dial indicator after zeroing is arranged in the A-direction bearing hole of the workpiece through a measuring body A, and the bottom surface of the measuring body A is attached to the reference surface of the workpiece A-direction bearing hole; inserting the workpiece into the mandrel A, and attaching the reference surface of the mandrel A to the step surface of the workpiece B in the bearing hole; the measuring rod of the dial indicator falls on the conical surface of the cone in the mandrel A and reads;
When the dimension of the workpiece B in the direction is measured, firstly, a dial indicator arranged on a measuring body B needs to be zeroed on a counter sleeve; inserting a workpiece into a mandrel B, and attaching a top datum plane of the mandrel B to a bearing step plane of the workpiece A; the dial indicator after zero setting is arranged in a bearing hole in the direction B of the workpiece through a measuring body B, and the bottom surface of the measuring body B is attached to the step surface of the workpiece B; the end face of the measuring rod of the dial indicator is contacted with the conical surface on the mandrel B, and the reading is performed.
Further, when the measuring rod of the dial indicator is dropped on the conical surface of the cone in the mandrel A, the measuring body A is rotated left and right for 3-5 times to obtain the maximum value of the readings.
Further, when the end face of the measuring rod of the dial indicator is contacted with the conical surface on the mandrel B, the measuring body B is rotated left and right, the reading is repeated for 3-5 times, and the maximum value is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
The application can realize the distance measurement between the intersection point of the two bevel gear axes in the bevel gear box and the positioning steps of the two bevel gear bearings respectively under the condition of not damaging the bevel gear box body, has the advantages of high efficiency and high speed, and can repeatedly measure to reduce measurement errors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly view of a gearbox according to the present application.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the gearbox components of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure and use of gauge A according to the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure and use of gauge B according to the present application.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the zeroing of gauge A in the present application.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the zeroing of gauge B in the present application.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the application with the cone on the mandrel being replaced.
In the figure: 1. a base A; 2. a mandrel A; 3. a pair of gauge blocks; 4. a measuring body A; 5. a dial gauge;
1', a base B;2', mandrel B;3', a pair of surface sleeves; 4', measuring volume B.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described and illustrated below by combining with the embodiment. It should be noted that, the terms including but not limited to "up, down, left, right, front, back" and the like in the following paragraphs may refer to any orientation as shown in the drawings and should not be construed as limiting the scope or technical solution of the present application.
Example 1: the measuring tool comprises a measuring tool A and a measuring tool B which are matched for use, wherein the measuring tool A comprises a base A1, a counter block 3 is arranged on the top end surface of the base A1, a through hole is formed in the side surface of the base A1, a mandrel A2 is assembled on the through hole in an interference mode, a cylindrical surface matched with a workpiece reference hole and a reference step surface is arranged above the mandrel A2, a cone is arranged at a position, close to a theoretical space point O, of the mandrel A2, and the cone angle of the cone is theta; the measuring body A4 is of a hollow tubular structure with an opening at the upper part and an opening at the bottom, the opening at the top of the measuring body A4 is matched with a fixing rod of the dial indicator 5, the measuring rod of the dial indicator 5 is positioned in the measuring body A4, the lower end face of the measuring body A4 is attached to a workpiece reference surface, and an opening for the mandrel A2 to pass through is formed in the side face of the measuring body A4. The measuring tool B comprises a base B1', a pair of gauge sleeves 3' for zeroing the dial indicator are arranged on the upper end face of the base B1', through holes with a mandrel B2' in interference fit are formed in the base B1', the mandrel B2' comprises a cylindrical surface matched with a workpiece reference hole and a reference step surface and a cone located at a theoretical space point O, and the cone angle of the cylindrical surface is theta.
Example 2: a method of measuring a bevel gear box space point-to-face distance using the gauge of example 1, comprising the steps of:
1. Preparation before measurement: and (3) adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument to confirm that the intersection of the axes of the two bearing holes of the workpiece meets the form and position tolerance required by the processing technology and the included angle of the two axes meets the angle requirement.
2. Measuring A-direction dimension
Zeroing: the measuring body A4 is placed on the counter block 3 on the base A1, the bottom surface of the measuring body A4 is guaranteed to be attached to the platform on the base A1, the measuring rod of the dial indicator 5 is located on the top surface of the counter block, and the reading of the dial indicator 5 is zeroed. As shown in fig. 5.
Measurement: the measuring body A4 is placed into a workpiece, the bottom surface of the measuring body A4 is attached to a step surface reference surface A in the direction of the workpiece A, the measuring rod of the dial indicator 5 is slightly lifted, the workpiece is inserted onto the mandrel A2, the reference surface of the mandrel A2 is attached to a step surface reference surface B in the direction of the workpiece B, the measuring rod of the dial indicator 5 is released, and the rod end of the measuring rod is enabled to be slightly dropped onto the conical surface of the mandrel cone to read. In order to eliminate the reading error possibly caused by the fall of the curved surface when the end surface of the measuring rod is contacted with the conical surface, the measuring body A4 is rotated left and right, the reading is repeated for 3-5 times, the maximum value is taken, and the A Measuring is positioned. As shown in the measurement state diagrams of fig. 3 and 5. After the measurement is completed, the workpiece is removed.
And placing the measuring body B4' on the counter sleeve of the base B1', ensuring that the bottom surface of the measuring body B4' is attached to the end surface of the counter sleeve 3', falling the measuring rod onto the plane of the base B1', and zeroing the dial plate. The zeroing process is shown in fig. 6. The workpiece is inserted into the mandrel B2', so that the top datum surface of the mandrel B2' is attached to the datum surface A of the workpiece A facing the step surface of the bearing hole. And (3) attaching the bottom surface of the measuring body B4 'to the reference surface B of the step surface of the workpiece B, wherein the measuring rod of the dial indicator 5 falls on the conical surface of the mandrel B2' at the moment, and reads. In order to eliminate the reading deviation possibly caused by the fall of the curved surface when the end surface of the measuring rod is contacted with the conical surface, the measuring body B4' is rotated about once, the reading is repeated for 3-5 times, and the maximum value is set as B Measuring .
The present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and the functions and actions of the features in the present application will be described in order to help those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical solution of the present application and reproduce it.
Because the dial indicator is arranged in the through holes on the upper end surfaces of the measuring body A and the measuring body B, in order to ensure the stability of the connection between the measuring body A4 and the measuring body B4 'and the dial indicator 5, one side of the through holes of the measuring body A4 and the measuring body B4' is provided with a threaded hole, and the dial indicator is fastened by a fastening screw.
Firstly, in the measuring method of the application, whether the axes of two bearing holes on a workpiece meet the requirements of form and position tolerance or not and whether the included angle of the two axes meets the requirements of angle are measured by adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument. In general, the two parameters are ensured by the machine tool spindle and the tool fixture, and the machined workpiece is not randomly changed under normal conditions for adjusting the normal machine tool and the fixture, so that the two parameters can be regarded as fixed values in the following measurement process.
In the present application, the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value in the gear case a direction is set to X a,Xa=A Real world -A Management device . The deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value in the B direction is set to X b,Xb=B Real world -B Management device . The above X a、Xb is a value to be obtained in the present application, and when both values are 0, it indicates that the actual size of the gear housing strictly conforms to the theoretical size.
The cone angle of the cone on the mandrel is theta, namely the included angle is the included angle between two axes. The dimensional transformation of cone angle θ is shown in fig. 7.
After the mandrel is manufactured, the simulation space point O is obtained by pushing the theory A or B through a positioning reference plane through a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and the diameter Da or Db of the cross section of the cone where the O point is located is measured. The distance between the O point and the cone bus can be obtained through a trigonometric function, namely the compensation value delta a or delta b in the application, wherein delta a and delta b are constants, and the value is determined by the self size of the mandrel and is not changed along with the measurement process. The function of the cone on the mandrel described in the application is to reflect the position of the spatial O-point in the measuring direction into the actual reading.
The height of the pair of gauge blocks is A and delta a; the height of the jacket is B+Deltab.
The measuring tool A measures the reading of the workpiece as A Measuring , and the reading is influenced by the deviation X b of the positioning reference, and according to a trigonometric function, the influence value of X b in the A axis is X b & cos theta, and then A Measuring =Xa+Xb & cos theta.
The measuring tool B measures the reading of the workpiece as Bside, and the reading is influenced by the deviation Xa of the positioning reference, and according to a trigonometric function, the influence value of X a in the B axial direction is X a & cos theta, and then B Measuring =Xb+Xa & cos theta.
The two equations are combined into a binary first order equation:。
and (3) solving to obtain: 。
The deviation values of the direction A and the direction B in the bevel gear box body can be intuitively and rapidly obtained by carrying the measured values into the formula to calculate, so that the direction A Real world =A Management device +Xa,B Real world =B Management device +Xb is obtained.
Claims (4)
1. A gauge for measuring the spatial point-to-face distance of an bevel gear box, characterized by: the measuring tool comprises a measuring tool A, a measuring tool B, wherein the measuring tool A and the measuring tool B respectively comprise a dial indicator (5), the measuring tool A further comprises a base A (1), a mandrel A (2), a counter block (3), a measuring body A (4) and the dial indicator (5), the mandrel A (2) is arranged on the base A (1), the dial indicator (5) is arranged on the measuring body A (4), and the counter block (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the base A (1); the measuring tool B further comprises a base B (1 '), a mandrel B (2 '), a pair of gauge sleeves (3 ') and a measuring body B (4 '), wherein the mandrel B (2 ') is positioned on the base B (1 '), a dial indicator (5) is arranged on the measuring body B (4 '), and the pair of gauge sleeves (3 ') are positioned on the upper surface of the base B (1 '); the mandrel A (2) and the mandrel B (2') both comprise cylindrical surfaces matched with a workpiece reference hole and a reference step surface and cones arranged at space points O, and the cone angle of the cones is theta; the measuring body A (4) is a hollow pipe body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and the measuring body A (4) is connected with the dial indicator (5) through the upper opening; an opening for the mandrel A (2) to pass through is arranged on the side surface of the measuring body A (4); the measuring body B (4') is a hollow pipe body with an upper opening and a lower opening.
2. A bevel gear box space point to face distance measurement method using the gauge for measuring a bevel gear box space point to face distance of claim 1, characterized by: measuring the A-direction size of the workpiece by using a measuring tool A, and measuring the B-direction size of the workpiece by using a measuring tool B;
Before measurement, a three-coordinate measuring instrument is used for confirming that the intersection of the axes of two bearing holes on a workpiece meets the form and position tolerance requirement and the included angle of the two axes meets the angle requirement;
When the dimension of the workpiece A in the direction is measured, firstly, a dial indicator (5) arranged on a measuring body A (4) needs to be zeroed on a counter block (3); the dial indicator (5) after zero setting is arranged in the A-direction bearing hole of the workpiece through the measuring body A (4), and the bottom surface of the measuring body A (4) is attached to the reference surface of the A-direction bearing hole of the workpiece; inserting a workpiece into the mandrel A (2) and attaching the reference surface of the mandrel A (2) to the step surface of the workpiece B in the bearing hole; the measuring rod of the dial indicator (5) falls on the conical surface of the cone in the mandrel A (2) and reads;
When the dimension of the workpiece B in the direction is measured, firstly, a dial indicator (5) arranged on a measuring body B (4 ') needs to be zeroed on a dial sleeve (3'); inserting a workpiece into a mandrel B (2 '), and attaching the top datum plane of the mandrel B (2') to the step surface of the workpiece A towards the bearing; the dial indicator (5) after zero setting is arranged in the bearing hole in the direction B of the workpiece through a measuring body B (4 '), and the bottom surface of the measuring body B (4') is attached to the step surface of the workpiece B; the end face of the measuring rod of the dial indicator (5) is contacted with the conical surface on the mandrel B (2'), and the reading is carried out.
3. The method for measuring the spatial point-to-face distance of an bevel gear box according to claim 2, wherein: when the measuring rod of the dial indicator (5) falls on the conical surface of the cone in the mandrel A (2), the left and right rotation measuring body A (4) repeatedly reads 3-5 times, and the maximum value of the reading is taken.
4. The method for measuring the spatial point-to-face distance of an bevel gear box according to claim 2, wherein: when the end face of the measuring rod of the dial indicator (5) is in contact with the conical surface on the mandrel B (2 '), the measuring body B (4') is rotated left and right, the reading is repeated for 3-5 times, and the maximum value is obtained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910222246.6A CN109780973B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Method and measuring tool for measuring space point-to-face distance of bevel gear box |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910222246.6A CN109780973B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Method and measuring tool for measuring space point-to-face distance of bevel gear box |
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| CN109780973A CN109780973A (en) | 2019-05-21 |
| CN109780973B true CN109780973B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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| CN113899281A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-07 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Tool for measuring displacement of air pressure sensitive element in bent deep cavity space |
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2019
- 2019-03-22 CN CN201910222246.6A patent/CN109780973B/en active Active
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| DE29720584U1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1998-08-27 | Moselage, Klaus, 33415 Verl | Device for determining the diameter of a tool |
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