CN109752456A - A kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end - Google Patents
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end Download PDFInfo
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- CN109752456A CN109752456A CN201910084163.5A CN201910084163A CN109752456A CN 109752456 A CN109752456 A CN 109752456A CN 201910084163 A CN201910084163 A CN 201910084163A CN 109752456 A CN109752456 A CN 109752456A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Intelligent Passive rails to monitor perception front end, high-power electric energy is converted for the mechanical energy of rail vibration using the vibrational energy acquisition module driven based on rail vibration, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is allocated output and energy storage by power management module, automatically wake up that start to export electric energy be that master control borad power supply comes for each assembly power supply in this front end in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power, master control borad is started to work when train passes through, it controls rail parameters measurement module and acquires data, and base station is sent to by long range wireless communication module, realize dynamic monitoring, the true function situation of rail when can monitor train operation, has higher accuracy, and it is not required to the power supply of wired and battery, also waste of manpower and the energy are not required to, it is mountable in any remote section, realize passive long-range real-time automation Rail monitoring, while reducing monitoring cost, improves monitoring efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail monitoring technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end.
Background technique
Rail health monitoring is to maintain the necessary means of safe train operation, and because of rail aging, fracture, caused train goes out
Rail accident has become the first killer of safe train operation.However, whether large-scale inspection car or hand propelled flaw detection trolley, all
There is a problem of common, an i.e. occupancy rail track, is unable to all weather operations.Meanwhile it can be found that visiting from network data
It is high to hurt vehicle cost, even a most common flaw detection trolley also wants tens of thousands of members.
China railways revenue kilometres are up to 12.7 ten thousand kilometers, wherein a large amount of rail are on active service under dynamic heavy load for a long time, easily
There is the even fracture of burn into deformation, abrasion, crackle, seriously affects traffic safety.Since rail fatigue crackle causes rail unexpected
Accident caused by fracture has generation in worldwide.For rail aging performance, flaw detection scheme traditional at present is mainly
Guided wave detection and two class of track probe vehicles, have higher detection accuracy, but expensive, and professional is needed to go to scene
Monitoring, manpower and material resources consumption is huge, and needs to occupy track in monitoring, influences train operation, and cannot achieve rail health
The dynamic monitoring of situation.The monitoring gap periods that these reasons result in traditional monitoring scheme are up to 6~12 months, Wu Fashi
Existing real-time monitoring, and be difficult to take into account the track of remote districts, leave some potential safety problems.
This project is that wired power supply and battery powered scheme cannot achieve design using the necessity of passive design
Target.The voltage rating of China's electric railway is 25kV, if the scheme using wired power supply carries out rail monitoring, is needed
The numerous transformers of installation number can threaten safely to the original power supply system of railway.And independently establish low voltage monitoring confession
Electricity then needs huge economy and human cost, while low-voltage circuit cannot achieve remote transmission, these factors all to have
The scheme of line power supply is simultaneously infeasible.And battery is used to power, then periodic replacement battery is needed, for widely distributed and in inclined
The node in remote area or high-risk area seems unrealistic.It is a kind of passive it is therefore desirable to design, and cheap convenient fixation
Mounted rail health monitoring device, low efficiency and influence railway operation long to solve the currently monitored means time interval
The problem of, and realize the problem for reducing the purpose of cost and realization no supervision.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: existing rail health parameters monitoring at present mainly using the more expensive detecting devices of price into
Row field monitoring, when monitoring, need to occupy track, influence train operation, and need professional's field monitoring, manpower and material resources disappear
Consume it is huge, and existing rail along be laid out track health monitoring equipment require external power supply, be limited it is more, can not be independent
Operation, to sum up, existing rail health parameters monitoring can not achieve the low cost of each regional rail no supervision certainly at present for solution
The problem of dynamicization dynamic monitoring, proposes a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end, including rail parameters measurement module, further include surveying with rail parameter
The master control borad of module connection is measured, rail parameters measurement module is arranged on rail for detecting the health data of rail, master control borad
It is also connected with wireless communication module, the health data of wireless communication module and external communications equipment communication real-time Transmission rail is gone back
Including the vibrational energy acquisition module of high-power output that is arranged on rail and with vibrational energy acquisition module electric energy output end
The mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted high-power electric energy, power supply by the power management module of connection, vibrational energy acquisition module
The electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is carried out output to management module and energy storage distributes, and gives after carrying out voltage conversion when power output
Master control borad power supply, the rail parameters measurement module and wireless communication module connecting with master control borad with the power end of master control borad by connecting
It connects and is powered, power management module automatically wakes up in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power starts to export electric energy as master control
Plate power supply.
Further, the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the intelligent nothing that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
The monitoring section of source rail monitoring perception front end, adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, each intelligence nothing
Source rail monitoring perception front end communicates the health data of real-time Transmission rail with external communications equipment respectively.
Further, the rail parameters measurement module includes multiple rail health data monitoring sensings connecting with master control borad
Device.
Further, the vibrational energy acquisition module uses mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, is coaxially mounted on main shaft
The first driving gear and the second driving gear, and be provided between the first driving gear and the second driving gear and main shaft unidirectional
The agreeing with respectively for side of bearing, the first driving gear and the second driving gear is provided with the first rack gear and the second rack gear, and first
Rack gear and the second rack gear direction are oppositely arranged, first driving gear and second driving gear by vibratory drive its respectively in the first tooth
Upper and lower relative displacement is rotated and occurred on item and the second rack gear, and main shaft is by unilateral bearing, the first driving gear and the second driving
Gear drives jointly and keeps one-directionally rotating, and the gearbox for accelerating to main axis is also equipped on main shaft, gearbox
Axis connection generator is exported, generator is generated electricity by the output shaft rotate driving of gearbox, is additionally provided on generator for making to send out
The flywheel of motor Continuous Drive.
Further, the power management module includes energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface and energy
Measure input/output control circuit, the energy stores control circuit, control interface, energy input output control circuit difference
Microcontroller is connected, the energy stores control circuit connects control interface, and the energy stores control circuit connects energy
Measure input/output control circuit, in which:
Energy input output control circuit is used for: being converted to the AC or DC electricity of vibrational energy acquisition module input
And pressure stabilizing and AC or DC conversion and pressure stabilizing are carried out to the electric energy for being output to each component power supply of monitoring perception front end；
Energy stores control circuit is used for: being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module and is converted through energy input output control circuit
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and the distribution output of processing；
Control interface is used for: connection microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Control port；
Microcontroller is used for: the work of the whole each control circuit module of control power management module.
Further, the microcontroller automatically wakes up out when energy input output control circuit has detected electric energy input
Control output electric energy begin as master control borad power supply, maintenance exports electric energy, setting within the set time after electric energy end of input
Terminate output electric energy after time and waits the electric energy input vibrated next time.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, in the present invention, the mechanical energy of rail vibration is turned using the vibrational energy acquisition module driven based on rail vibration
High-power electric energy is turned to, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is allocated output and energy storage by power management module, is being shaken
Automatically waken up when energy acquisition module inputing power start export electric energy be master control borad power supply come for component each in this front end confession
Electricity is not required to the power supply of wired and battery, is also not required to waste of manpower and the energy, mountable in any remote section, realizes passive
The long-range rail monitoring of automation in real time, while reducing monitoring cost, improves monitoring efficiency.Master control borad is opened when train passes through
Beginning work, control rail parameters measurement module acquires data, and is sent to base station by long range wireless communication module, and base station will
Cloud database is integrated and be sent to the data of perception front end, and this completes the real-time monitorings once automated.Energy
Enough real-time monitorings when train passes through simultaneously transmit data, realize dynamic monitoring, the true fortune of rail when can monitor train operation
Make situation, rail has higher accuracy for unloaded or low load condition in monitoring compared to traditional scheme.
2, in the present invention, Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the intelligent nothing that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
The monitoring section of source rail monitoring perception front end, adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, before each perception
End can work independently, and realize comprehensive covering to monitoring section with cheap cost, rail monitoring data are more comprehensively and quasi-
Really.
3, in the present invention, rail parameters measurement module is using multiple rail health data monitoring sensings connecting with master control borad
Device, such as temperature sensor, amount of deflection sensor etc., it is convenient to be laid out on rail, the various characteristics of rail can be accurately detected in real time
According to and do not influence the normal operation of rail, it is easy to use.
4, in the present invention, vibrational energy acquisition module uses the mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, when being passed through by train
The larger elastic force of larger pressure thrust and vibrating object that rail low-frequency vibration generates drives, and can make mechanical vibrational energy
It measures acquisition module and obtains high-power mechanical energy input, and special mechanical structure improves the efficiency of transmission of mechanical energy, flywheel
Discontinuous rail vibration can be allowed to become Continuous Drive, motor can smoothly export under the compound movement of vibration driving compared with Gao Gong
The regulated power of rate, about the 1000 of conventional energy acquisition module times can be used for the systems such as powerful monitoring and use, be applicable in model
It encloses wide.And mechanical structure, it is easy to customize, is adapted to various section all standings, can adapt to all kinds of adverse circumstances, have
Longer adaptation service life and volume production is at low cost, it is easy to volume production and extensive use.
5, in the present invention, power management module includes including energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface
The exchange that is used to input vibrational energy acquisition module with energy input output control circuit, energy input output control circuit or
Direct current carries out conversion and pressure stabilizing and carries out AC or DC conversion to the electric energy for being output to each component power supply in monitoring perception front end
And pressure stabilizing；Energy stores control circuit is used for: being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module and is converted through energy input output control circuit
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and the distribution output of processing；Control interface is used for: connection microcontroller, energy stores control
The control port of circuit and energy input output control circuit；Microcontroller is used for: control power management module integrally each control
The work of circuit module processed.It is produced electricl energy when train crosses, power management module automatic power, monitoring front end work monitoring number
According to, since the energy of input is the electric energy that vibrational energy acquisition module is converted from abnormal energy, the opportunity of input energy and
Power is unpredictable and uncontrolled, while energy limited source, and efficient dynamic power may be implemented in power management module
Management, and have preferable versatility, front end can be allowed steadily to work.Microcontroller is examined in energy input output control circuit
It is automatically waken up when having measured electric energy input and starts control output electric energy for master control borad power supply, after electric energy end of input in setting
Interior maintenance exports electric energy, terminates output electric energy after setting time and waits the electric energy input vibrated next time, in reality
Hardware deterioration is reduced as far as possible on the basis of existing effect rail monitoring, extends lifetime of system, utmostly to realize no supervision, exempt from
The purpose of maintenance.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is Intelligent Passive rail of the present invention monitoring perception front end overall structure block diagram；
Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram is arranged in Intelligent Passive rail of the present invention monitoring perception front end blanket type on rail；
Fig. 3 is mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is unilateral bearing schematic diagram in mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention；
When Fig. 5 is downward for the vibration of mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention in the case where the direction controlling of unilateral bearing acts on
The operation schematic diagram of sliding tooth wheel drive main shaft one-directional rotation；
When Fig. 6 is upward for the vibration of mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention in the case where the direction controlling of unilateral bearing acts on
The operation schematic diagram of sliding tooth wheel drive main shaft one-directional rotation；
Fig. 7 is that the mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention installs and uses schematic diagram on common railway；
Fig. 8 is that the mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention installs and uses schematic diagram on non-fragment orbit；
Fig. 9 is power management module structural block diagram of the present invention；
Energy stores control circuit Figure 10 of the invention；
Figure 11 is voltage regulator circuit figure of the invention；
Figure 12 is analog to digital conversion circuit figure of the invention；
Figure 13 is ac-dc converter circuit of the invention；
Figure 14 is microcontroller circuit figure of the invention；
Marked in the figure: the driving gear of 1- first, the driving gear of 2- second, 3- main shaft, the first rack gear of 4-, the second rack gear of 5-,
6- unilateral bearing, 7- gearbox, 8- generator, 9- roadbed, 10- rail, 11- sleeper, 12- roller, 13- outer ring, 14- inner ring,
15- flywheel.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention, i.e., described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is logical
The component for the embodiment of the present invention being often described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the relational terms of term " first " and " second " or the like be used merely to an entity or
Operation is distinguished with another entity or operation, and without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation, there are any
This actual relationship or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant be intended to it is non-exclusive
Property include so that include a series of elements process, method, article or equipment not only include those elements, but also
Further include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment it is intrinsic
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including described
There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment of element.With reference to embodiments to spy of the invention
Performance of seeking peace is described in further detail.
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end, as shown in Figure 1, include rail parameters measurement module, further include with
The master control borad of rail parameters measurement module connection, rail parameters measurement module are arranged on rail for detecting the healthy number of rail
According to master control borad is also connected with wireless communication module, and wireless communication module and external communications equipment communicate the strong of real-time Transmission rail
Health data further include the vibrational energy acquisition module for the high-power output being arranged on rail and electric with vibrational energy acquisition module
The mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted high-power electricity by the power management module of energy output end connection, vibrational energy acquisition module
Can, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is carried out output to power management module and energy storage distributes, and when power output carries out voltage
After conversion give master control borad power supply, the rail parameters measurement module and wireless communication module being connect with master control borad by with master control borad
Power end connection is powered, and power management module automatically wakes up in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power starts output electricity
It can be the integrally each component power supply of monitoring perception front end.
Preferably, the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the intelligent nothing that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
Source rail monitoring perception front end, as shown in Fig. 2, the monitoring section of adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other,
Each Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end communicates the health data of real-time Transmission rail with external communications equipment respectively.With low
Honest and clean cost realizes comprehensive covering to monitoring section, and rail monitoring data are more comprehensive and accurate.And each perception front end
It can work independently, be independent of each other.
Preferably, the rail parameters measurement module includes multiple rail health data monitoring sensings connecting with master control borad
Device, such as temperature sensor, amount of deflection sensor etc., it is convenient to be laid out on rail, the various characteristics of rail can be accurately detected in real time
According to and do not influence the normal operation of rail, it is easy to use.
When installing and using, rail parameters measurement module such as sensor is fixed at institute according to the detection characteristic of sensor
The rail position that need to be detected does not block rail normal operation.Master control borad and wireless communication module connected to it, power supply pipe
Reason module can be fixedly mounted on the roadbed of rail.The general long range wireless communication such as 3G, 4G can be used in wireless communication module
With the transmission such as base station data.
Preferably, the vibrational energy acquisition module uses mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, as shown in figure 3, including the
One driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2, the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 are coaxially mounted on main shaft 3, and first
The side of driving gear 1, which is agreed with, is provided with the first rack gear 4, and the side of the second driving gear 2, which is agreed with, is provided with the second rack gear 5, the
One rack gear 4 and 5 direction of the second rack gear are oppositely arranged, it exists respectively by vibratory drive for the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2
Rotate and occur on first rack gear 4 and the second rack gear 5 upper and lower relative displacement, the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 with
Unilateral bearing 6 is provided between main shaft 3, main shaft 3 drives gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 to drive jointly by unilateral bearing 6, first
It moves and keeps one-directionally rotating, the mechanical gear box 7 for accelerating to the rotation of main shaft 3, mechanical gear box 7 are also equipped on main shaft 3
Output axis connection generator 8, generator 8 generates electricity by the output shaft rotate driving of gearbox 7, is additionally provided with use on generator 8
In the flywheel 15 for making generator Continuous Drive.
Unilateral bearing is mounted between two drivings gear and main shafts, can only transmit torsion, that is, locking shape along a direction
State, and it is in free state in opposite direction, unilateral bearing schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.First driving gear and the second driving gear
It is rotated on the first rack gear and the second rack gear, thus driving spindle, and main shaft is unidirectional under the effect of the direction controlling of unilateral bearing
The specific working mode of rotation is following (right side of the first driving gear to be arranged in the first rack gear, the second rack gear is arranged second
For driving on the left of gear, another set-up mode is the left side that the first driving gear is arranged in the first rack gear, and the second rack gear is set
Set on the right side of the second driving gear, similar no longer do of working method excessively repeats): when two rack gears are transported downwards by vibratory drive
When row, as shown in figure 5, the second driving gear lock stops, and transmitting torsion driving spindle rotation is (suitable under unilateral bearing control action
Hour hands), and the first driving gear is then in free state, does not transmit torsion.And when two rack gears are run up by vibratory drive
When, as shown in fig. 6, the first driving gear lock stops, transmit torque and the second driving gear is in free state, main shaft still along
It rotates clockwise.By flywheel by generator Continuous Drive, flywheel is used for storage section rotation potential energy, impact is eliminated, to increase
The stationarity of forceful electric power machine operating exports more stable electric energy in order to which generator is more smoothly run, promotes energy conversion
Efficiency can directly adopt the threephase alternator of built-in flywheel.Main shaft can be allowed in rail complex vibration using such structure
Driving under operate in one direction, it is ensured that generator is also able to maintain one-directional rotation.Rack gear is fixed, and rail drives energy to adopt
Similar no longer do of installment work mode principle of collection module bodies vibration excessively repeats.
Gearbox is using mechanical rotation gearbox such as accelerating gearbox (accelerating epicyclic gearbox) etc., so that its complete machine
Tool, it is more convenient to use without the external offer energy.
There are many mounting means to adapt to different railroad tracks for mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module.(have in common railway
Sleeper) on when installing and using, as shown in fig. 7, the first and second rack gears are fixedly mounted in ground, and energy acquisition module master
Body includes that the first driving gear, the second driving gear, main shaft, gearbox and generator are mounted on sleeper in orbit.?
When train driving, the pressure of wheel will lead to track settlement and generate vibration, since sleeper has certain elasticity, in train driving
Sleeper upper surface can be vibrated with the vibration of rail, and energy acquisition module bodies are mounted on sleeper, also can be with rail
It vibrating and vibrates, rack gear is fixed on motionless in ground, the vibration of energy acquisition module bodies and rack gear generation relative displacement, on
Lower movement will allow the first driving gear and second that gear is driven to rotate on the first rack gear and the second rack gear, to drive master
Axis, and main shaft one-directionally rotates under the effect of the direction controlling of unilateral bearing, driven generator after being accelerated by gearbox, generator
It runs at high speed, passes through the electromagnetic induction principle output high-power electric energy of generator.
When being installed and used on high-speed rail, subway this kind non-fragment orbit, as shown in figure 8, since railroad track does not have sleeper,
So rack gear is fixed on rail side, energy acquisition module main body is mounted on roadbed, the method for operation and common railway
On the method for operation it is similar, difference is that this mounting means is to vibrate to input as mechanical energy with carry-over bar using rail.
Mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module use the larger pressure thrust and vibrating object generated by low-frequency vibration compared with
Big elastic force drives, and mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module can be made to obtain high-power mechanical energy input, by the drive of vibration
Dynamically working gets rid of vibration acceleration and frequency limit, and high-power output, and special machine can be realized under low-frequency vibration
Tool structure improves the efficiency of transmission of mechanical energy, and motor can export up to tens of watts of stabilization under the compound movement of vibration driving
Electric energy, about the 1000 of conventional vibration energy acquisition module times can be used for the power requirement that the systems such as rail monitoring use, be applicable in
Range is wide.Using mechanical structure, it is easy to customize, is adapted to various sections to realize railroad track all standing, Neng Goushi
All kinds of adverse circumstances are answered, has the longer adaptation service life and volume production is at low cost, be easy to volume production and extensive use.
Preferably, the power management module including energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control as shown in figure 9, connect
Mouth circuit and energy input output control circuit, the energy stores control circuit, control interface, energy input output control
Circuit processed is separately connected microcontroller, and the energy stores control circuit connects control interface, the energy stores control
Circuit connection energy input output control circuit, in which:
Energy input output control circuit is used for: being converted to the AC or DC electricity of vibrational energy acquisition module input
And pressure stabilizing and AC or DC conversion and pressure stabilizing are carried out to the electric energy for being output to each component power supply of monitoring perception front end.Vibrational energy
What generator exported in acquisition module may be alternating current or direct current, and according to the difference of the generator of selection, selection energy is defeated
The direct current input interface or exchange input interface for entering output control circuit are connect with generator output interface.
Energy input output control circuit includes that direct current input interface, exchange input interface, DC output end one, direct current are defeated
Outlet two, analog-to-digital conversion module, ac-dc converter circuit and the voltage regulator circuit for adjusting input/output bound, the modulus turn
Module input connection analog sensor is changed, output end connects microcontroller；The ac-dc converter circuit input terminal connection
Exchange input, output end connect energy stores control circuit and direct current input, and the energy stores control circuit output end connects
DC output end two is connected after connecing voltage regulator circuit, the energy stores control circuit output end is also connected with DC output end one.
Energy stores control circuit is used for: being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module and is converted through energy input output control circuit
Treated, and electric energy carries out pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and distribution output.
Energy stores control circuit includes the control chip and multiple independent electricals for pressure limiting, energy measuring and Capacity control
Hold, the microcontroller, control chip and independent capacitance are successively electrically connected.
More capacitors that energy-storage function is connected in series are realized, since system is used for the management of abnormal energy, input and output
Energy randomness is strong and has larger fluctuation, so that storage capacitor is chronically at charging and discharging state at work, and storage capacitor
It is service life shortest part in frame again, so needing the scheme using the storage of more capacitors, extends system service life.
Control chip has Capacity control function, the energy in the meeting each capacitor of autobalance, even if partition capacitance is damaged
It is bad also to work normally.Capacitor uses cascaded structure, can obtain compared with high output voltage.Then may in partition capacitance damage
Cause tank voltage decline or formed open circuit, at this point, control chip can by the voltage superposition of residual capacitance and by go up and down it is voltage-controlled
Voltage needed for unit processed boosts to load guarantees to work normally.
Control interface is used for: connection microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Control port.
Control interface includes control interface, and described control interface one end connects microcontroller, other end connection control
Coremaking piece, the other end are also connected with voltage regulator circuit.
Microcontroller is used for: the work of the whole each control circuit module of control power management module.
It is preferred:
It further include temperature-control circuit in power management module, temperature-control circuit connects microcontroller.
Microcontroller is also connected with digital sensor.
Energy stores control circuit further includes multiple independent capacitance interfaces and the metal-oxide-semiconductor for isolation, independent capacitance interface
Independent capacitance is connected, adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Voltage regulator circuit includes voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the divider resistance for realizing different resistance values is connected by wire jumper interface, and 9 draw
Foot connects output after connecting divider resistance.
Power management module automatically controls work monitoring data in front end when train crosses, since the energy of input is vibration
The electric energy that energy acquisition module is converted from abnormal energy, the opportunity of input energy and power are unpredictable and uncontrolled
System, while efficient dynamic energy management may be implemented in energy limited source, power management module, and has preferable general
Property, front end can be allowed steadily to work.
Preferably, microcontroller automatically wakes up when there is electric energy input starts to export electric energy as master control borad power supply, works as electric energy
Maintenance exports electric energy within the set time after end of input, terminates output electric energy waiting after setting time and shakes next time
Dynamic electric energy input, reduces hardware deterioration on the basis of realizing effectively rail monitoring in real time as far as possible, utmostly extends system
Service life, to realize no supervision, non-maintaining purpose.
The circuit specific implementation of each component part of power management module is illustrated below:
(1) energy input output control circuit:
Physical circuit connects as shown in figures 10-13, and the model ADS1115, ADS1115 that analog-to-digital conversion module uses are one
The common high-precision analog of money-number conversion chip, the signal accurate transformation that analog sensor can be exported are digital signal,
Since the chip is relatively conventional, this will not be repeated here.Microcontroller is also connected with digital sensor, and controller is turned by high-precision AD
Parallel operation connects analog sensor.Digital sensor may be coupled directly on microcontroller, and the output end of sensor may be connected to micro-
2 feet~6 feet for controlling chip on any pin between 12~28 foot, 34~51 foot and 58~61 feet, and pass through program pair
It is controlled.Analog sensor is then connected to 4~7 feet of chip u3 in analog to digital conversion circuit, and chip converts analog signal
To be transferred to microcontroller by 9 feet after digital signal.Each chip at most can connect 4 analog sensors.Analog-to-digital conversion
Chip is connected to microcontroller by i2c bus, and microcontroller can at most connect 4 this model modulus conversion chips.Therefore, exist
In this circuit, microcontroller can at most connect 44 digital sensors and 16 analog sensors, and the quantity for increasing sensor can
Environment is more accurately perceived with realizing, adapts to a variety of environment, improves adaptability, realization is precisely controlled.
The connection of voltage regulator circuit physical circuit is as shown in figure 11, the voltage stabilizing chip model LTC3130 in voltage regulator circuit.
Working principle: LTC3130 is a efficient voltage regulator circuit, and different from other voltage regulator circuits, LTC3130 has
Burst operating mode, in this mode, the working frequency of chip will be with load current and be adjusted, to realize negative
Load electric current reaches 75%~92% energy conversion efficiency in the case where being 0.01~660 milliampere, have wider array of application scenarios.
The efficiency operation range of remaining voltage stabilizing chip is smaller, and in the case where transfer efficiency is more than 60% demand, load current changes model
It encloses and is often no more than 10 times.Common scheme is progress chip selection according to actual needs, does not have versatility.
The input voltage range of LTC3130 is 2.4-25V, has wider application range.Circuit has voltage stabilizing function, leads to
The Voltage Feedback that 9 feet receive is crossed to realize.Output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the divider resistance of No. 9 feet, output area 1
~25V is applicable to most application scenarios；Voltage regulator circuit passes through PWM (pulse width modulation) Lai Shixian pressure stabilizing.Originally it is setting
In meter, voltage of voltage regulation is adjustable, and voltage Principles of Regulation are feedback regulations.9 feet are the input pin of feedback voltage, input in chip
Voltage is divided to obtain by the rectifier output voltage to chip.Chip can be adjusted output voltage by PWM, thus
So that the feedback voltage after partial pressure is stabilized to 1V, therefore, output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the mode of divider resistance,
Its formula are as follows:
Vout=(1+Ra/Rb)
In this example, R2Represent Ra, R3、R4Or R5Represent Rb, connected by wire jumper interface 3130Vo with X to realize
(1~4V is the setting of this example demand, by replacing voltage-limiting protection resistance R for the output of 3.3V, 3.5V and 1-4v adjustable voltage6With
R7, it can be achieved that 1~25V pressure regulation).By the way that the efficient and adjustable voltage regulator circuit of range is arranged, input/output bound is widened, is passed through
PWM realizes pressure stabilizing, and the voltage of output different range is realized by the divider resistance of different resistance values, is suitable for the control of multiple types energy
System, improves the versatility of device.
(2) energy stores control circuit:
Physical circuit connection as shown in Figure 10, controls the model LTC3350 of chip, and capacitor uses super capacitor, capacitance
For 10F, illustrates herein and 4 super capacitors are arranged according to rail environment and demand.
Working principle: LTC3350 control chip has pressure-limiting function, when input voltage is higher than 40V, 34 foot of input terminal
High-impedance state will be entered, bypass electric current, carry out self-protection；The input voltage of chip is 4.5~35V, is suitable for absolutely mostly
Number application range.
Chip has energy monitoring function, passes through the resistance between 34 foot monitoring input voltages and 30 and 31 feet
Rsnsi1, Rsnsi12 monitoring current monitor capacitance voltage and 21 and 22 by 21 feet to calculate the power of input system
Resistance Rsnsi3 between foot calculates the charge-discharge electric power of capacitor, and is controlled it by internal circuit with utmostly
It is needed with load.Chip interior is integrated with multiple registers, logic controller and control interface, can accurately according to demand
The storage and output of energy are controlled, the data of storage inside can be accessed by control interface, and circuit has memory U9,
Specific program can be stored, to carry out more accurate control to energy according to demand.
Circuit has Capacity control function, and chip has 4 independent capacitance connection interface 13-16 feet, meanwhile, capacitor it
Between be isolated by metal-oxide-semiconductor m8~m10, if one of capacitance damage, occur pressure difference between capacitor, stored in residual capacitance
Energy will be by metal-oxide-semiconductor autobalance, i.e., when occurring obvious pressure difference between capacitor, and metal-oxide-semiconductor will be connected, and will be damaged
Capacitor bypass, to avoid the case where causing 4 capacitors that can not all work because of a capacitor open circuit.Due to using string between capacitor
Connection connection, after partition capacitance is impaired, maximum tank voltage will decline, can also be with even if only one capacitor works normally
Reach the operating voltage of system needs, the upper voltage limit of each capacitor is 5v, and the series voltage upper limit of 4 capacitors is 20V, monitoring
The pin of capacitor total voltage is 21 feet, and the minimum operating voltage of 21 feet is 1V, even if 4 capacitance damage 3, it still can be normal
Work.
Circuit has certain pressure stabilizing ability, is realized by the Voltage Feedback that 7 feet receive.Output voltage is by adjusting No. 7
The divider resistance of foot is adjusted, and output area is 0~40V, is applicable to most application scenarios.
To sum up, this programme is managed multiple independent capacitors, and adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor, avoids one
A capacitor open circuit causes other capacitors that can not work, the short disadvantage of service life, extends the capacitor service life, realizes non-maintaining, raising
Convenience.
(3) control interface: as shown in Figure 10, using control interface.
(4) microprocessor: as shown in figure 14, the model Msp430F169 of microcontroller.
Power management module widens input/output bound, passes through PWM by the way that the efficient and adjustable voltage regulator circuit of range is arranged
It realizes pressure stabilizing, the voltage of output different range is realized by the divider resistance of different resistance values, be suitable for multiple types energy hole,
Improve the versatility of device；Multiple independent capacitors are managed, adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor, avoids one
Capacitor open circuit causes other capacitors that can not work, the short disadvantage of service life, extends the capacitor service life, and realization is non-maintaining, improves just
Benefit；Programming interface and high-precision control device are set, is monitored and controls according to actual needs, adapt to a variety of environment,
Adaptability is improved, realization is precisely controlled；For the non-intellectual and diversity for overcoming specific environment, it is defeated that voltage regulator circuit extension input is set
Range, the capacitor that setting high-precision control device enhances adaptability, setting is managed independently prolong the service life, realize and exempt to tie up out
Shield has achieved the effect that accurate control dynamic power, versatile, adaptable.
In the present invention, the mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted using the vibrational energy acquisition module driven based on rail vibration
For high-power electric energy, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is allocated output and energy storage by power management module, is being vibrated
Automatically wake up that start to export electric energy be that master control borad power supply comes for each assembly power supply in this front end when energy acquisition module inputing power,
It is not required to the power supply of wired and battery, is also not required to waste of manpower and the energy, it is mountable in any remote section, it realizes passive long-range
Automation rail monitoring generaI investigation in real time, while reducing monitoring cost, improves monitoring efficiency.Master control borad is opened when train passes through
Beginning work, control rail parameters measurement module acquires data, and is sent to base station by long range wireless communication module, and base station will
Cloud database is integrated and be sent to the data of perception front end, and this completes the real-time monitorings once automated.Energy
Enough real-time monitorings when train passes through simultaneously transmit data, realize dynamic monitoring, the true fortune of rail when can monitor train operation
Make situation, rail has higher accuracy for unloaded or low load condition in monitoring compared to traditional scheme.
The foregoing is merely better embodiments of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within spirit and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end, including rail parameters measurement module, it is characterised in that: further include and iron
The master control borad of rail parameters measurement module connection, rail parameters measurement module are arranged on rail for detecting the healthy number of rail
According to master control borad is also connected with wireless communication module, and wireless communication module and external communications equipment communicate the strong of real-time Transmission rail
Health data further include the vibrational energy acquisition module for the high-power output being arranged on rail and electric with vibrational energy acquisition module
The mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted high-power electricity by the power management module of energy output end connection, vibrational energy acquisition module
Can, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is carried out output to power management module and energy storage distributes, and when power output carries out voltage
After conversion give master control borad power supply, the rail parameters measurement module and wireless communication module being connect with master control borad by with master control borad
Power end connection is powered, and power management module automatically wakes up in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power starts output electricity
It can be each component power supply in monitoring perception front end.
2. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Intelligent Passive
Rail monitoring perception front end includes the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail, adjacent intelligence
The monitoring section of passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, each Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end respectively with outside
The health data of communication apparatus communication real-time Transmission rail.
3. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rail parameter
Measurement module includes multiple rail health data monitoring sensors connecting with master control borad.
4. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vibrational energy
Acquisition module uses mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, and the first driving gear (1) being coaxially mounted on main shaft (3) and second is driven
Moving gear (2), and be provided with unilateral bearing (6) between the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) and main shaft (3), the
The agreeing with respectively for side of one driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) is provided with the first rack gear (4) and the second rack gear (5),
First rack gear (4) and the second rack gear (5) direction are oppositely arranged, and the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) are driven by vibration
It moves it and rotates and occur upper and lower relative displacement on the first rack gear (4) and the second rack gear (5) respectively, main shaft (3) is by one-way shaft
It holds (6), the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) to drive jointly and keep one-directionally rotating, main shaft is also installed on (3)
Have for main shaft (3) rotation accelerate gearbox (7), the output axis connection generator (8) of gearbox (7), generator (8) by
The output shaft rotate driving of gearbox (7) generates electricity, and the flywheel for making generator Continuous Drive is additionally provided on generator (8)
(15)。
5. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the power management
Module includes energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface and energy input output control circuit, the energy
Storage control circuit, control interface, energy input output control circuit are separately connected microcontroller, the energy stores control
Circuit connection control interface processed, the energy stores control circuit connect energy input output control circuit, in which:
Energy input output control circuit is used for: carrying out conversion and steady to the AC or DC electricity of vibrational energy acquisition module input
It presses and AC or DC conversion and pressure stabilizing is carried out to the electric energy for being output to each component power supply in monitoring perception front end；
Energy stores control circuit is used for: inputting vibrational energy acquisition module through energy input output control circuit conversion process
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and distribution output；
Control interface is used for: the control of connection microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Port processed；
Microcontroller is used for: the work of the whole each control circuit module of control power management module.
6. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the microcontroller
Automatically waken up when energy input output control circuit has detected electric energy input start control output electric energy be master control borad power,
Maintenance exports electric energy within the set time after electric energy end of input, terminates under output electric energy waiting after setting time
The electric energy input once vibrated.
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| CN110261675A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-09-20 | 南充职业技术学院 | A kind of electric quantity monitoring method and device |
| CN111024164A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-17 | 贵州师范学院 | Automatic acquisition mechanism for energy of Internet of things |
| CN111998939A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-11-27 | 江苏新道格自控科技有限公司 | Self-powered wireless vibration sensor for monitoring vibration of rotating machinery |
| CN112697261A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-23 | 浙江大学 | Railway track slab vibration monitoring system and monitoring method based on friction nano generator |
| CN112834074A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 西南交通大学 | Temperature measurement system applied to track elastic strip and fault monitoring method |
| CN114264908A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 同济大学 | Automatic-triggering magnetic suspension track online monitoring system and method |
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Application publication date: 20190514 |