CN109752075B - Method for detecting flushing noise of toilet by effective sensing noise level pulse measurement method - Google Patents
Method for detecting flushing noise of toilet by effective sensing noise level pulse measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection method, which comprises the following detection steps: installing and debugging a sample; determining a sound source reference body, a parallelepiped and a hemisphere measuring surface; judging impulse noise; sound pressure level measurement; calculating the level of effective perceived noise and correcting background noise and test environment; evaluating the result; it is characterized in that: the pulse property of toilet flushing noise is judged by calculating the pulse noise index, and the noise level L is effectively sensed on the surface of parallelepiped or hemisphere to be measured by applying the A-weighted pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' of the sound level meterEPNThe characterized flushing noise is accurately and quantitatively detected. The invention provides for measuring the A weighted pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise on a surface of a parallelepiped or hemisphere'pAi(ST)(max)Making a determination of the effective perceived noise level L during a normal flush cycleEPNAnd provides the basis for evaluating the results. The invention fills the blank in the technical field of toilet bowl flushing noise detection, realizes the scientificity of the method and the comparability of the result, and can provide detection technical support for improving the production process and standardizing the market order in ceramic enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a noise quantitative test method, in particular to a method for measuring the effective sensing noise level L on a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface by applying the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of a sound level meterEPNA method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl belongs to the technical field of physical and chemical performance detection of ceramics.
Background
In recent years, toilets serve as basic civilian problems and important civilized windows, the construction quality of the toilets cannot be ignored, and along with the gradual increase of the use amount of floor type ceramic toilets in important civilian fields such as catering, tourism, home residence and the like and the enhancement of health and environmental awareness of people, the toilet flushing noise monitoring and prevention and control are increasingly concerned by all the social circles.
The noise generated in the flushing process of the toilet bowl belongs to the category of hydrodynamic noise, and is mainly composed of three parts, namely structural vibration noise of a pipeline, fluid noise of water and cavitation noise, and when a liquid medium in the pipeline passes through pipeline areas such as a pipeline elbow, a reducing pipe and the like, the pipeline forms mechanical vibration under the action of excitation force; the fluid noise is derived from the pressure and flow rate change of liquid and mainly comprises noise generated when water flows in a water ring of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rushes out of the water ring and falls on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water flows on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rotates in the toilet bowl and noise generated when siphons are damaged in the later stage of pollution discharge; the fluid noise is the main source of the flushing noise of the toilet, and if water in the water ring flows through the water ring in the flushing process, turbulent flow pressure is generated on the turbulent flow boundary layer, so that the flow-induced shell vibration and the eddy radiation noise are caused. In addition, in the later stage of siphoning, the siphoning effect is destroyed by air filling, peripheral air is caused to form vortex, so that sudden pressure change generates noise, and meanwhile, local negative pressure is easily formed due to uneven distribution of liquid flow rate in the flushing process, and cavitation noise is also formed. The noise has all characteristics of sound wave propagation, wherein the propagation characteristic closely related to the toilet bowl flushing noise test is the directivity of the sound wave, so that the test point distribution needs to be reasonably set during actual measurement.
Through investigation, due to the deficiency of related testing technologies, the comparability of the detection result of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl is poor, and the quantitative verification is difficult. In 2015, the national Standard Commission GB 6952-2015 sanitary ceramics is published, and the allowed limit L of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl is specified50≤55dB、L1065dB or less, but whether the technical index is A weighted sound pressure level or sound power level is not explained; although the standard 8.6.8 notes that "toilet bowl flushing noise test method" measures the level of noise power in the acoustic pressure method according to GB/T3768-The simple law of the method is required to be carried out, but the national standard GB/T3768 is used as an acoustic basic standard according to the standard GB/T14367, namely the 'use guide of the basic standard for measuring the acoustic power level of an acoustic noise source', the application range of the method is limited to providing a general principle for compiling the noise test specification expressed by the acoustic power level, only basic requirements for making various related noise test specifications under different environments and accuracy conditions are provided, and specific technical requirements and method steps for noise measurement are not involved; the standard content is profound, abstract and obscure, so that the standard content is difficult to be directly applied to toilet bowl flushing noise detection.
At present, sanitary ceramics are listed in the field of quality improvement key products, the improvement of a standard system of a related quality inspection method is not easy, and the research and development of a ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection technology is trending. Therefore, in order to promote the quality of the toilet bowl product to be improved and fill up the short toilet plates which affect the quality of life of people; the invention has a certain practical significance for assisting the transformation and upgrading of the traditional ceramic industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an A-weighted pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' applying a sound level meter to effectively sense the noise level L on a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surfaceEPNThe method for detecting the flushing noise of the toilet bowl can solve the problems of the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl and the accurate quantitative test of the water inlet/drainage noise of sanitary ware and toilet bowl water tank fittings.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) installing and debugging a sample; (2) determining a sound source reference body, a parallelepiped and a hemisphere measuring surface; (3) judging impulse noise; (4) measuring sound pressure level; (5) calculating the level of effective perceived noise, correcting background noise and testing environment; (6) evaluating the detection result; the method is characterized in that the pulse property of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is judged by calculating the pulse noise index; using soundClass meter A-weighted pulse level time weighting characteristic "I" pair to effectively sense noise level LEPNThe washing noise of sign carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in impulse noise determination:
according to the relevant regulations of appendix D in GB/T3768 plus 1996 'simple method for measuring the surface by enveloping above the sound power level reflecting surface of the noise source by using an acoustic sound pressure method', after positioning a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample to be measured, selecting four representative acoustic measurement points based on the directivity characteristics of flushing noise; under the conditions of a normal flushing cycle and specific test static pressure, respectively applying the weight A pulse sound level time weight characteristic 'I' and the weight A equivalent sound level slow time weight characteristic 'S' of the sound level meter to carry out time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of flushing noise at coordinates of each measuring point'pAIi(ST)(max)And a cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L'pAi(ST)(50)Carrying out measurement; the measurement is carried out 5 times in succession at each measuring point coordinate, and the corresponding impulse noise index Δ L 'is calculated'pAIi(ST)(max)－L′pAi(ST)(50)When the average value is more than or equal to 3dB, the flushing noise of the toilet sample to be detected can be judged to be pulse noise;
in sound pressure level measurement:
according to relevant regulations in GB/T3768-2017, the positioning of the sound source reference body under different reflection plane conditions is determined and the characteristic dimension d of the sound source is calculated according to the installation requirements of the floor type ceramic toilet sample0(ii) a And simultaneously selecting a parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body, determining the size of the measuring surface, and determining the coordinates of the position arrays of the microphones on different measuring surfaces. In a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the normal flushing period of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan is used as the integration time for collecting audio signals, and the accumulated percentage time average sound pressure level L of background noise on the measuring surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphere is measured by applying the slow time weighting characteristic S of the A weighting equivalent sound level of a sound level meterpAi(B)(50). Then starting the flushing device under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa; applying sound according to different water consumption test requirementsClass A weighted pulse Sound level time weighted characteristic "I" was determined to determine the time averaged pulse maximum Sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces'pAIi(ST)(max)；
In the effective perceived noise level calculation:
according to related concepts and calculation formulas in GB/T3768-2017, under the condition of test static pressure of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, the normal flushing period of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is taken as the integration time of audio signal acquisition, and the flushing noise time average pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'measured by the A-weighted pulse sound level time weighting characteristic' I 'of the sound level meter and the slow time weighting characteristic' S 'of the A-weighted equivalent sound level is applied'pAIi(ST)(max)And the cumulative percentage of background noise time-averaged sound pressure level LpAi(B)(50)Calculating the average value of A weighted time average sound pressure level corresponding to the microphone array on the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface as the basic data
And
and correcting value K for background noise1ATesting the environmental correction value K2AAnalyzing the influence of the standard pressure to derive the effective sensing noise level L of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample under the specific static pressure conditionEPNAnd the mean of the effective perceived noise level of the flushing noise for each set of samples
Simultaneously, defining corresponding data reduction requirements and measurement uncertainty ranges;
in the evaluation of the results:
effective perceived noise level L when a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L for flushing noise for 3 samples greater than this setEPNArithmetic mean value
At the time of 10% of the total amount of the organic solvent,re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; and calculating the effective noise level L of the flushing noise measured by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method by applying the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of the sound level meter under the specific static pressure condition of the front and the back groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samplesEPNIs an arithmetic mean value of
Effective perceived noise level L if a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the flushing noise of the two sets of 6 samplesEPNArithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; effective perceived noise level L of flushing noise from residual toilet sampleEPNIs arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the advancement is as follows: in the acoustic environment of a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, flushing noise of a position array of a parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface microphone is measured by applying an A-weighted pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of a modern precision instrument, namely a sound level meter, and background noise is corrected. Considering that the toilet bowl flushing mode is started as a transient process, an effective perceived noise level L capable of correctly reflecting that flushing noise has significant influence on human psychology and physiology is adoptedEPNAs subjective evaluation parameters; the detection technology has certain advancement, achieves the modernization of the detection of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet, and lays a necessary hardware foundation for realizing the precision of the detection result.
(2) Scientifically: on the basis of following the acoustic general guide rule in GB/T3768-2017, aiming at the flushing noise generation mechanism and transmission of the toilet bowl based on the non-continuous characteristic of noise caused by liquid non-steady flowA broadcasting path, namely establishing acoustic models of the measuring surfaces of a parallelepiped and a hemisphere on the basis of determining the pulse property of the acoustic model according to the test principle of an enveloped sound source; comprehensively analyzing the influence of factors such as background noise, environmental conditions and the like on the detection result, and measuring the effective sensing noise level L of the pulse noise in the flushing process of the toilet bowl under the general working pressure of the water supply pipeline of the civil buildingEPNAs a relevant evaluation index, the method accords with the actual use state of the toilet and the attention focus of consumers, and improves the scientificity of the detection method.
(3) Standardization: evaluating the test result according to the national environmental protection requirement and the product quality standard, and referring to the corresponding regulations in the national standard GB/T3768-once 2017 for the technical requirements of related instruments, sound source reference bodies, measurement surfaces, calculation formulas and the like; and the structure diagrams of the applicable reference body, the parallelepiped and the hemisphere measuring surface are provided, a series of key technical contents such as sample installation, pulse qualification, measuring point coordinates, measuring steps, a calculation formula, uncertainty, result evaluation and the like are determined clearly, and the quantification of the flushing noise detection result of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl can be realized.
(4) The accuracy is as follows: a sound level meter with high automation degree and advanced and mature technology is used as test equipment, and the evaluation results of three ceramic toilet bowl samples are used as final judgment conclusions; selecting A weight pulse sound level time weight characteristic 'I' of an application sound level meter in a normal flushing period to measure the maximum sound pressure level L 'of pulse noise on the surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphere'pAIi(ST)(max)Carrying out accurate quantitative determination; influence factors such as background noise, test environment and the like are corrected through a calculation formula, the accumulative effect of uncertainty in the measurement process is comprehensively judged, and measurement errors can be effectively avoided.
(5) The innovation is as follows: aiming at the influence of water supply pressure on the flushing noise of the toilet, according to the general working pressure range of the water supply pipeline between floors of the civil building and the noise test requirements under the conditions of different flushing water amounts, the effective pulse noise level L of the pulse noise measured by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method in the normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing) is selectedEPNAs an index for performance evaluation, and specifying sample installationThe requirements of conditions and water tank fittings can effectively fill the blank in the technical field of related acoustic tests at home and abroad at present.
(6) Operability: the sound level price is cheap, the application is extensive, the sample installation, debugging and a series of experimental operations stipulated by the method of the invention are simple and easy to do; the technical contents of the aspects of test parameters, pulse qualitative, measurement surface, measurement point array, test steps, calculation formula, data processing, evaluation standard and the like are clearly and specifically described, and the description of the relevant chart is visual and accurate, so that the method is easy to understand and master, the patent implementation process has strong operability, and the transfer and the popularization and the application of the achievements are facilitated.
(7) Universality: based on the advantages, the method has stronger practicability and is favorable for expanding the popularization and application in inspection, study, research and production fields; the device is beneficial to supporting the detection technology of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet bowl to realize universality, and can provide reference for the flushing noise of a squatting pan and a urinal, the noise generated in the using process of other sanitary ceramics such as a face washer and a bidet, water tank accessories of the toilet bowl, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like and the detection technology research thereof.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 porcelain or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) preparing a flushing water tank and water tank fittings which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet sample with a rear-discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode is adjusted from the rear-discharge type to a lower-discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size), and debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in GB 6952 and 2015; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample according to installation instructions of a production plant, performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall during installation, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground and the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and the reflection surfaces of two adjacent vertical walls is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
The determination of the sound source reference body, the parallelepiped and the hemisphere measuring surface is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: according to the related regulation of item 7.1 in GB/T3768-2017 simple method for measuring sound power level and sound energy level of noise source by using acoustic pressure method and adopting envelope measuring surface above reflecting surface, the position and ruler of sound source reference body are determined by using three-dimensional coordinate systemSetting inch; the center of a box body formed by a sound source reference body and mirror images of the sound source reference body on adjacent reflecting planes is used as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body. Length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m);
(2) determination of the parallelepiped measuring surface and its microphone position array: according to the relevant specification of item 7.2.4 in the standard GB/T3768-2017, a parallelepiped measuring surface adopted in the test and a sound source reference body have the same azimuth coordinate origin and appearance shape, namely an imaginary parallelepiped with the area of S, enveloping the toilet flushing noise source to be detected, and the sides of which are parallel to the sides of the reference body and the distance of d from the reference body, wherein d is more than or equal to 1.0 m. If the sample of the toilet bowl to be detected is not close to any wall when being installed, the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 9 th microphones are respectively (a,0,0.5c), (0, b,0.5c), (-a, 0,0.5c), (0, -b,0.5c), (a, b, c), (-a, -b, c), (a, -b, c), and (0,0, c). Area S ═ 4(ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+d，b＝0.5l2+d， c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3Respectively, the length, width and height of the sound source reference body, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m. If the sample of the toilet to be detected is mounted by a wall, the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 4 th microphones are (2a,0,0.5c), (a, b,0.5c), (a, -b,0.5c) and (a,0, c) respectively. Area S ═ 2(2ab + bc +2ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d， b＝0.5l2+d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3The length (from the wall to the front end face), the width and the height of the sound source reference body are respectively, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m. If the sample of the toilet to be detected is installed close to a wall corner, the 1 st to 3 rd microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are respectively (2a, -b,0.5c), (a, -2b,0.5c), (a, -b, c). Area S ═ 2(2ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d，b＝0.5l2+0.5d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3Length, width and height of the sound source reference body (length and width of the reference body, i.e. the distance from two walls to the opposite face of the corresponding reference body), respectively, in meters (m); d is 1.0 m.
(3) Determination of hemispherical measurement surfaces and their microphone position arrays: according to the relevant provisions of item 7.2.3 in GB/T3768-2017, the coordinate origin of the hemisphere measuring surface used in the test and the sound source reference body with the same orientation, namely the center of the box body formed by the reference body and the virtual image thereof in the adjacent reflecting surface, is a hemisphere surface with the measuring radius r, wherein r is more than or equal to 2d0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m. If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane when being installed, the measuring surface is a complete hemisphere with the area S being 2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; the coordinates of the microphone positions are shown in table 1 (in view of the strong directivity of toilet bowl flushing noise, if the sound pressure level variation range measured at the four basic microphone positions of 4, 5, 6 and 10 exceeds 8dB, additional microphone positions are added, and the coordinates are the points numbered as 14, 15, 16 and 20 in table 1). If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2Measuring the radius r to be 3.0 m; the microphone position coordinates are shown in table 2. If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the three reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2(ii)/2, the measurement radius r is 3.0 m; the microphone position coordinates are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates of toilet bowl samples on a reflection plane
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/r |
| 4 | -0.45 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
| 5 | -0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 6 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.45 |
| 10/20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 14 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 15 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
| 16 | -0.89 | 0.00 | 0.45 |
Table 2 toilet bowl samples 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on two reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/ |
| 14 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 15 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
| 18 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.75 |
Table 3 toilet bowl samples 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on three reflection planes
The impulse noise judgment is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) in the acoustic environment of a semi-anechoic chamber, a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample is directly placed in the center of the ground in a test chamber, and the normal flushing function of the pedestal pan sample is ensured; on the height of 1.0m away from the ground, four coordinate points which are 1.0m above the center of the water seal of the toilet bowl, 1.0m in front of the center of the toilet bowl and 1.0m in front of the center of the toilet bowl are respectively selected as acoustic measurement points (two measurement points in front of the left and the right are respectively positioned at the positions 0.7m away from the left and the right of a measurement point in front of the toilet bowl);
(2) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level mark, and flushing the water seal to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirements of different water consumption and starting timing immediately; the integration time is collected as an audio signal of a sound level meter with a complete normal flush cycle and is counted in 10s if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 10 s. Time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of flushing noise at coordinates of each measuring point by respectively applying A weight pulse sound level time weight characteristic' I 'and A weight equivalent sound level slow time weight characteristic' S 'of sound level meter'pAIi(ST)(max)And a cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L'pAi(ST)(50)Measuring for 5 times continuously at each measuring point coordinate and recording;
(3) calculating a corresponding impulse noise index delta L 'by using the measured sound pressure level values of the points'pAIi(ST)(max)－L′ pAi(ST)(50)And the average value thereof, if the average value of the impulse noise indexes is more than or equal to 3dB, the flushing noise of the toilet sample to be detected can be judged to be impulse noise;
the sound pressure level measurement is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and necessary experimental apparatus such as a tripod are reserved, all the residues in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel are required to be present; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics;
(2) measuring its dimension l with a straight steel ruler and a square1、l2、l3Recording, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d thereof according to the number of the reflection planes involved in the sample installation mode0(ii) a Selecting an applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface and calculating specific sizes a, b and c or a measuring radius r of the applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface; calculating and recording the coordinates of the measuring points according to the position array of the selected measuring surface microphone;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement should have time-weighted pulse gear 'I' and A-weighted equivalent sound level gear 'L' at the same timeAeq"and meets the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period does not exceed 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the testing chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the available space volume in the testing chamber is ensured to meet the installation requirement of the ceramic toilet bowl sample to be tested, the testing chamber has the water supply/drainage condition required by the flushing function, and the static pressure of the test water can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s;
(5) positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array of the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top cloud platform of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) and taking a complete normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, and if the flushing period of the to-be-tested toilet sample is less than 10s, counting the integral time by 10 s. Determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent Sound level Slow time-weighted characteristic "S" of a Sound level MeterpAi(B)(50)The measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location and recorded. If the difference of the sound pressure level measured for 3 times at each position is more than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level mark, and flushing the water seal to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the normal mode and immediately starting timing according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured; the integration time is collected as an audio signal of a sound level meter for a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and is counted in 10s if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 10 s. Determination of the time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces Using the A-weighted pulse Sound level time weighted characteristic "I" of the Sound level Meter'pAIi(ST)(max)And recording; simultaneously recording the static pressure, water consumption and flushing period of each flushing;
the effective perceived noise level calculation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: with reference to relevant regulations in GB/T3768-:
if Δ LpAIIf the noise is more than 10dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if 10dB >. DELTA.LpAIAnd if the value is more than or equal to 3dB, correcting according to the formula (7).
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpAI))…………………………………………………………(7)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)…………………………………………………………………(8)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 7dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the calculation formulas of the sound absorption amounts of the half anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber are respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν……………………………………………………………………………(9)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(10)
in the formula:
L′pAIi(ST)(max)in a normal flushing period, applying the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' of the sound level meter to measure the time average pulse maximum sound pressure level of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl at the position of the ith microphone on the measuring surface of the parallelepiped or the hemisphere, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
n is the position number of the parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface microphone;
LpAi(B)(50)in a normal flushing period, applying the slow time weighting characteristic 'S' of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meter to measure the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level of the background noise at the ith microphone position on the parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface in square meters (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of the test room, and the numerical range is shown in the table A.1 in GB/T3768-2017;
Sνtotal area of the test Room boundary (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LEPNthe A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of each floor type ceramic toilet bowl applying the sound level meter measures the effective sensing noise level of the flushing noise by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method, and the unit is decibel (dB);
Tdthe normal flushing cycle of the floor type ceramic toilet sample, namely the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, is in seconds(s);
LEPN1、LEPN2、LEPN3the effective perceived noise level of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in decibels (dB);
(2) data reduction requirements: a weight time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise'pAIi(ST)(max)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(50)The measurement result of (1) retains a significant digit after the decimal point, which is the average of the time-averaged sound pressure level
And effective perceived noise level LEPNTaking an integer as a calculation result;
(3) measurement uncertainty: the method stipulates the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the measurement result of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise A weighting time average pulse maximum sound pressure level on the measuring surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphereomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Referring to the relevant contents in GB/T3768-2017 standard, in a complete normal flushing cycle, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the maximum sound pressure level of the A weighted time-averaged pulse on the same parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet sample at the same installation position
6 repeated measurements were made (for each repeated measurement, the toilet bowl sample had to be re-mounted and repositioned), and the measurement results were corrected for background noise. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
The result evaluation calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the standard requirements of related products, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) Effective perceived noise level L when a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the flushing noise of this set of 3 samplesEPNArithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the A weighting pulse sound level time of the two groups of toilet bowl samples under the condition of specific static pressure by using the sound level meterEffective perceived noise level L of wash noise of weighted characteristic "I" measured by parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface methodEPNIs arithmetic mean of
Effective perceived noise level L if certain sample washout noiseEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the two sets of 6 sample washout noisesEPNArithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; effective perceived noise level L of flushing noise from residual toilet sampleEPNIs arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on a reflection plane in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on two reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on three reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a parallelepiped measuring surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on a reflecting plane and its microphone location array according to the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone position; a-a reflecting surface; b-a reference body; 2 a-measuring surface length, m; 2 b-measuring the surface width m; c-measuring surface height, m; d-measuring distance, m; l1-reference body length, m; l2-reference body width, m; l3-height of reference body, m;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a parallelepiped measuring surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on two reflecting planes and its microphone location array according to the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone position; b-a reference body; 2 a-measuring surface length, m; 2 b-measuring the surface width, m; c-measuring surface height, m; d-measuring distance, m; l1-reference body length, m; l2-reference body width, m; l3-height of reference body, m;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a parallelepiped measuring surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on three reflection planes and its microphone location array according to the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone position; b-a reference body; 2 a-measuring surface length, m; 2 b-measuring the surface width, m; c-measuring surface height, m; d-measuring distance, m; l1-reference body length, m; l2-reference body width, m; l3-height of reference body, m;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hemispherical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on a reflection plane and its microphone location array of the present invention;
in the figure: good-basic microphone position; ● — additional microphone location; a-a measurement surface; b-a reference body; r-measuring the surface radius;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on two reflection planes and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone position; r-measuring the surface radius;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on three reflection planes and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone position; r-measuring the surface radius;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the invention is more clearly and clearly defined.
In the embodiment, the flushing noise detection of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl product which is produced in the northriver Tangshan and has an internal structure of a jet siphon type and has the nominal water consumption of 6L and 3L respectively under the condition of full flushing water consumption is taken as an example for explanation.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) sample installation and commissioning
1.1 sample number, Specification
3 ceramic or stoneware floor type toilet samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, the internal structure of the toilet can be of a flushing type or a siphon type, and a flushing water tank and other gravity flushing devices (a single flushing type or a double flushing type) are used.
1.2 sample mounting
The toilet bowl is provided with a flushing water tank and toilet bowl water tank accessories which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and is provided with a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet bowl sample with a rear discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet bowl sample is adjusted from the rear discharge type to the lower discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size). Debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 in GB 6952-2015, wherein the relevant requirements are met; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption.
1.3 connection tightness test
According to installation instructions of a production plant, a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe are assembled for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample, a connection sealing test is carried out according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-.
1.4 sample positioning
1.4.1 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment which is similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-silencing chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is performed in a rigid wall chamber or a dedicated reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground at a distance of no less than 1.0m from either wall while ensuring proper flushing.
1.4.2 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed close to a wall, testing can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the room is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
1.4.3 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed near a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflection surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
(2) Determination of sound source reference body and parallelepiped, hemispherical measuring surface
2.1 shape and size of pedestal pan flushing noise Source reference body
The 7.1 th correlation in the simple method for measuring the sound power level and the sound energy level of the noise source by adopting the envelope measuring surface above the reflecting surface according to GB/T3768-2017 Acoustic pressure methodSetting the position and the size of a sound source reference body by using a three-dimensional coordinate system; the center of a box body formed by a sound source reference body and a mirror image of the sound source reference body on an adjacent reflecting plane is used as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body. Length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m).
2.2 selection of the parallelepiped measuring surface and determination of the microphone position array
According to the relevant specification of item 7.2.4 in the standard GB/T3768-2017, a parallelepiped measuring surface adopted in the test and a sound source reference body have the same azimuth coordinate origin and appearance shape, namely an imaginary parallelepiped with the area of S, enveloping the toilet flushing noise source to be measured, and the distance between each side of the imaginary parallelepiped and the reference body being d, wherein d is more than or equal to 1.0 m.
2.2.1 if the floor type ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to the 1.4.1 item in the embodiment when being installed, the corresponding parallelepiped measuring surface and the microphone are positioned as shown in fig. 4; the 1 st to 9 th microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are (a,0,0.5c), (0, b,0.5c), (-a, 0,0.5c), (0, -b,0.5c), (a, b, c), (-a, -b, c), (a, -b, c), and (0,0, c), respectively. Area S ═ 4(ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+d，b＝0.5l2+d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3Respectively the length, width and height of the sound source reference body, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m.
2.2.2 if the floor type ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to the 1.4.2 item in the embodiment when being installed, the positions of the parallelepiped measuring surface and the microphone are as shown in fig. 5; the 1 st to 4 th microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are (2a,0,0.5c), (a, b,0.5c), (a, -b,0.5c), and (a,0, c), respectively. Area S ═ 2(2ab + bc +2ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d，b＝0.5l2+d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3The length (from the wall to the front end face), the width and the height of the sound source reference body are respectively, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m.
2.2.3 if the floor type ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to the 1.4.3 item in the embodiment when being installed, the positions of the parallelepiped measuring surface and the microphone are as shown in fig. 6; the 1 st to 3 rd microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are (2a, -b,0.5c), (a, -2b,0.5c), (a, -b, c), respectively. Area S ═ 2(2ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d，b＝0.5l2+0.5d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3Length, width and height of the acoustic reference body (length and width of the reference body, i.e. the distance from two walls to the opposite face of the corresponding reference body), respectively, in meters (m); d is 1.0 m.
2.3 selection of hemispherical measurement surfaces and determination of microphone position arrays
According to the relevant provisions of item 7.2.3 in GB/T3768-0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m.
2.3.1 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.1 in this example when mounted, the measurement surface is a complete hemisphere and the area S is 2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; microphone position array as shown in fig. 7, the coordinates of the measuring points are shown in table 1 (considering the strong directivity of toilet bowl flushing noise, the sound pressure level variation range measured at four basic microphone positions of 4, 5, 6 and 10 exceeds 8dB, additional extra is addedMicrophone location; the coordinates of which are points numbered 14, 15, 16, 20 in table 1).
TABLE 1 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates of toilet bowl samples on a reflection plane
2.3.2 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.2 in this example when it is installed, the measurement surface is 1/2 hemisphere and the area S ═ r2Measuring the radius r to be 3.0 m; the microphone position array is shown in fig. 8, and the coordinates of the measuring points are shown in table 2.
Table 2 toilet bowl samples 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates located in two reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/ |
| 14 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 15 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
| 18 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.75 |
2.3.3 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.3 in this example when it is installed, the measurement surface is 1/4 hemisphere and the area S ═ r2(ii)/2, the measurement radius r is 3.0 m; microphone position array as shown in fig. 9, the measurement point coordinates are shown in table 3.
Table 3 toilet bowl samples 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on three reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/ |
| 14 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 21 | 0.77 | -0.45 | 0.45 |
| 22 | 0.47 | -0.47 | 0.75 |
(3) Impulse noise determination
3.1 in the acoustic environment of the semi-anechoic chamber, directly placing a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in the center of the ground in a test chamber and ensuring the normal flushing function; four coordinate points which are 1.0m above the center of the water seal of the toilet bowl, 1.0m in front of the center of the water seal of the toilet bowl, 1.0m in front of the center of the toilet bowl and 1.0m in front of the center of the toilet bowl are respectively selected as acoustic measurement points (the two measurement points in front of the left and the right are respectively positioned at the positions 0.7m away from the left and the right of the measurement point in front of the toilet bowl).
3.2 adjusting the static pressure of the test to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirements of different water consumption and starting timing immediately; the integration time is collected as an audio signal of a sound level meter with a complete normal flush cycle and is counted in 10s if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 10 s. Time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of flushing noise at coordinates of each measuring point by respectively applying A weight pulse sound level time weight characteristic' I 'and A weight equivalent sound level slow time weight characteristic' S 'of sound level meter'pAIi(ST)(max)And a cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L'pAi(ST)(50)The measurements were performed, 5 consecutive measurements at each station coordinate and recorded.
3.3 Using the measured sound pressure level values at each point, calculate the corresponding impulse noise index Δ ═ L'pAIi(ST)(max)－L′ pAi(ST)(50)And if the average value of the impulse noise indexes is more than or equal to 3dB, the flushing noise of the toilet bowl sample to be detected can be judged to be impulse noise.
(4) Sound pressure level measurement
4.1 except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and necessary experimental apparatus such as a tripod are kept, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel are required to be present; the test operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics.
4.2 measuring its dimension l with a steel ruler and a square1、l2、l3Recording, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d thereof according to the number of the reflection planes involved in the sample installation mode0(ii) a Selecting an applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface and calculating specific sizes a, b and c or a measuring radius r of the applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface; and calculating and recording the coordinates of the measuring points according to the position array of the selected measuring surface microphone.
4.3 the sound level meter used for measurement should have both time-weighted pulse gear "I" and A-weighted equivalent sound level gear "LAeq"and meets the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period does not exceed 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference in readings is no greater than 0.5 dB.
4.4 the test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the available space volume in the chamber meets the installation requirement of the sample of the ceramic toilet bowl to be tested, the test chamber has the water supply/drainage condition required by the flushing function, and the static pressure of test water can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s.
4.5, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array of the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously, the tripod is moved to the position of a measuring point, a sound level meter with relevant acoustic performance is placed on a top cloud platform of the tripod, and the microphone is ensured to be oriented to have the same sound wave incidence angle when the microphone is calibrated and point to the measuring surface vertically.
4.6 taking a complete normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal collection, if the flushing period of the to-be-tested toilet sample is less than 10s, the integral time is counted in 10 s. Determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent Sound level Slow time-weighted characteristic "S" of a Sound level MeterpAi(B)(50)The measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location and recorded. If the difference between the 3 measured sound pressure levels at each location is greater than 0.5dB, the measurements are re-measured and recorded.
4.7 adjusting the static pressure of the test to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the normal mode and immediately starting timing according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured; the integration time is collected as an audio signal of a sound level meter for a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and is counted in 10s if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 10 s. Determination of the time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces Using the A-weighted pulse Sound level time weighted characteristic "I" of the Sound level Meter'pAIi(ST)(max)And recording; simultaneously, the static pressure, water consumption and flushing period of each flushing are recorded.
(5) Calculation of results
5.1 selection of calculation formula
With reference to relevant regulations in GB/T3768-:
if Δ LpAIIf the noise is more than 10dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if 10dB >. DELTA.LpAIAnd if the value is more than or equal to 3dB, correcting according to the formula (7).
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpAI))………………………………………………………………(7)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)…………………………………………………………………(8)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 7dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the calculation formulas of the sound absorption amounts of the half anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber are respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν……………………………………………………………………………(9)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(10)
in the formula:
L′pAIi(ST)(max)in a normal flushing period, applying the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' of the sound level meter to measure the time average pulse maximum sound pressure level of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl at the position of the ith microphone on the measuring surface of the parallelepiped or the hemisphere, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
n is the position number of the parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface microphone;
LpAi(B)(50)in a normal flushing period, applying the slow time weighting characteristic 'S' of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meter to measure the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level of the background noise at the ith microphone position on the parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface in square meters (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of the test room, and the numerical range is shown in the table A.1 in GB/T3768-2017;
Sνthe total area of the room boundary of the test chamber (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LEPNthe A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of each floor type ceramic toilet bowl applying the sound level meter measures the effective sensing noise level of the flushing noise by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method, and the unit is decibel (dB);
Tdthe normal flushing cycle of the floor type ceramic toilet sample, namely the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, is in seconds(s);
LEPN1、LEPN2、LEPN3the effective perceived noise level of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in decibels (dB).
5.2 data reduction requirements: a weight time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise'pAIi(ST)(max)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(50)The measurement result of (1) retains a significant digit after the decimal point, which is the average of the time-averaged sound pressure level
And feeling of effectivenessPerceived noise level LEPNAnd taking an integer as a calculation result.
5.3 measurement uncertainty: the method stipulates the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the measurement result of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise A weighting time average pulse maximum sound pressure level on the measuring surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphereomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Referring to the relevant contents in GB/T3768-2017 standard, in a complete normal flushing cycle, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the maximum sound pressure level of the A weighted time-averaged pulse on the same parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet sample at the same installation position
6 repeated measurements were made (for each repeated measurement, the toilet bowl sample had to be re-mounted and repositioned), and the measurement results were corrected for background noise. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
(6) Performance determination
6.1 according to the national environmental protection standard and the relevant product standard requirements, adopting the following grading judgment standards:
6.2 effective perceived noise level L when a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the washout noise of this set of 3 samplesEPNArithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the effective sensing noise level L of flushing noise measured by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method by using the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of a sound level meter under the condition of specific static pressure of front and back groups of toilet bowl samplesEPNIs arithmetic mean of
If a certainEffective perceived noise level L of individual sample washout noiseEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the two sets of 6 sample washout noisesEPNArithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; effective perceived noise level L of flushing noise from residual toilet sampleEPNIs arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Test facilities, instrumentation and test equipment used in this example:
(1) test facility
Semi-anechoic chamber: the net size of the indoor building is 9.8m multiplied by 7.3m multiplied by 5.9m, the effective space size after the sound-absorbing wedge is hung is 7.8m multiplied by 5.3m multiplied by 4.9m, and the effective volume is 203m3Effective usable area of 41m2. The ceramic tile floor is taken as a single reflecting plane, and no other fixed facilities are arranged indoors except for corresponding water supply and drainage pipelines; when the laboratory works normally and the periphery has no abnormal interference, the indoor background noise is lower than 14.1dB (A); the extended uncertainty of the sound pressure level measurement is U95＝(0.4～1.0)dB，k＝2。
(2) Test equipment and equipment
2.1 Sound level Meter: the model is NA-28 and can measure equivalent continuous sound pressure L produced by Japan rational sound companyeqThe performance meets the regulation of a 1-type integral sound level meter in GB/T3785, and the filter meets the requirement of GB 3241; the A-weighted linear operation range is 25 dB-130 dB, the upper limit of peak sound level measurement is 143dB, the maximum value of inherent noise A weight is 17dB, the measurement frequency range is 10 Hz-20 kHz, and the sampling period is 15.6 ms. The sound pressure level uncertainty U is 0.4dB to 1.0dB (k is 2); the sound pressure level uncertainty U at the reference frequency is 0.07dB (k is 2); the uncertainty of the calibration result is 1.0dB (k 2).
2.2 sound calibrator: the model AWA6221A produced by hundred million Europe instrument equipment Limited company is used for absolute sound pressure calibration of a sound level meter, and the acoustic performance meets the 1-level accuracy requirement in GB/T15173; the nominal sound pressure level is 94dB and 114dB (taking 20 mu Pa as a benchmark), the applicable frequency range is 1 kHz-5 Hz, the sound pressure level accuracy is +/-0.2 dB (23 ℃) and +/-0.3 dB (-10 ℃ -50 ℃), and the total harmonic distortion is less than or equal to 1% when the sound pressure level is 94 dB.
2.3 ruler: a straight steel ruler and a square ruler with the division value of 1 mm.
2.4 water seal rule: the index value is 1 mm.
2.5 stopwatch: the accuracy was 0.01 s.
2.6 tripod: the carbon fiber or aluminum alloy material bears more than 10kg and contains the maximum height of the holder of 2.0 m.
The detection data and result calculation of this embodiment:
in the semi-muffling chamber, a sound level meter is used for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic pedestal pan arranged in the center of the ground, and the detection data and result evaluation of the parallelepiped measuring surface method are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 detection data of pulse level of toilet flushing noise (parallelepiped measuring surface method on one reflecting plane)
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) installing and debugging a sample; (2) determining a sound source reference body, a parallelepiped and a hemisphere measuring surface; (3) judging impulse noise; (4) sound pressure level measurement; (5) effective sense noise level calculation and background noise, test loopCorrecting the environment; (6) evaluating the detection result; the method is characterized in that the pulse property of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is judged by calculating the pulse noise index; a-weighted pulse sound level time weighting characteristic "I" using a sound level meter for effective perceived noise level L on a parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaceEPNThe washing noise of sign carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in impulse noise determination:
according to appendix D in GB/T3768 plus 1996 'simple method for measuring the surface by enveloping above the sound power level reflecting surface of the noise source by using an acoustic sound pressure method', after positioning a floor type ceramic toilet sample to be measured, selecting four representative acoustic measurement points based on the directivity characteristics of flushing noise; under the conditions of a normal flushing cycle and specific test static pressure, respectively applying the weight A pulse sound level time weight characteristic "I" and the weight A equivalent sound level slow time weight characteristic "S" of the sound level meter to the time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'at the coordinates of each measuring point'pAIi(ST)(max)And a cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L'pAi(ST)(50)Carrying out measurement; the measurement is carried out 5 times in succession at each measuring point coordinate, and the corresponding impulse noise index Δ L 'is calculated'pAIi(ST)(max)－L′pAi(ST)(50)When the average value is more than or equal to 3dB, the flushing noise of the toilet sample to be detected can be judged to be pulse noise;
in sound pressure level measurement:
according to GB/T3768-2017, aiming at the installation requirements of floor type ceramic toilet bowl samples, the positioning of the sound source reference body under different reflection plane conditions is determined and the characteristic dimension d of the sound source is calculated0(ii) a Simultaneously selecting a parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body, determining the size of the measuring surface, and determining the coordinates of the microphone position arrays of different measuring surfaces; in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the normal flushing period of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan is used as the integration time for collecting audio signals, and the accumulated percentage time average sound pressure level L of background noise on the measuring surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphere is measured by applying the slow time weighting characteristic S of the A weighting equivalent sound level of a sound level meterpAi(B)(50)(ii) a Then starting a flushing device under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa; for different water consumption test requirements, a weighted pulse sound level time weighted characteristic 'I' of a sound level meter is applied, and the time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of the toilet bowl flushing noise on the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface is determined'pAIi(ST)(max)；
In the effective perceived noise level calculation:
according to GB/T3768-2017, under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, the normal flushing period of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is taken as the integration time of audio signal acquisition, and the flushing noise time average pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'measured by the weight A pulse sound level time weight characteristic' I 'of the sound level meter and the weight A slow time weight characteristic' S 'of the equivalent sound level is applied'pAIi(ST)(max)And the cumulative percentage of background noise time-averaged sound pressure level LpAi(B)(50)Calculating the average value of A weighted time average sound pressure level corresponding to the microphone array on the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface as the basic data
And
and correcting value K for background noise1ATesting environment correction value K2AAnalyzing the influence of the standard pressure to derive the effective sensing noise level L of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample under the specific static pressure conditionEPNAnd the mean of the effective perceived noise level of the flushing noise for each set of samples
Simultaneously, defining corresponding data reduction requirements and measurement uncertainty ranges;
the effective perceived noise level calculation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: with reference to GB/T3768-:
if Δ LpAIIf the noise is more than 10dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if 10dB >. DELTA.LpAIAnd if the value is more than or equal to 3dB, correcting according to the formula (4):
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpAI))…………………………………………………………(4)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)………………………………………………………………(5)
when K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 7dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the calculation formulas of the sound absorption quantity of the half anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber are respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν…………………………………………………………………………(6)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(7)
in the formula:
L′pAIi(ST)(max)in a normal flushing period, applying the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' of the sound level meter to measure the time average pulse maximum sound pressure level of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl at the position of the ith microphone on the measuring surface of the parallelepiped or the hemisphere, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
n is the position number of the parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface microphone;
LpAi(B)(50)in a normal flushing period, applying the slow time weighting characteristic 'S' of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meter to measure the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level of the background noise at the ith microphone position on the parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface, wherein the unit is decibel (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-parallelepipeds or hemispheresThe area of the surface is measured in square meters (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of the test room, and the numerical range is shown in the table A.1 in GB/T3768-2017;
Sνthe total area of the room boundary of the test chamber, wall, floor, ceiling, in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LEPNthe A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of each floor type ceramic toilet bowl applying the sound level meter measures the effective sensing noise level of the flushing noise by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method, and the unit is decibel (dB);
Tdthe normal flushing cycle of the floor type ceramic toilet sample, namely the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, is in seconds(s);
LEPN1、LEPN2、LEPN3effective perceived noise level in units of minutes for flushing noise for each set of three floor-standing ceramic toilet bowl samplesShellfish (dB);
(2) data reduction requirements: a weight time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise'pAIi(ST)(max)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(50)The measurement result of (1) retains a significant digit after the decimal point, which is the average of the time-averaged sound pressure level
And effective perceived noise level LEPNTaking an integer as a calculation result;
(3) measurement uncertainty: the method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the measurement result of the floor type ceramic toilet seat flushing noise A weighted time average pulse maximum sound pressure level on the measuring surface of a parallelepiped or a hemisphereomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB; referring to the standard GB/T3768-2017, in a complete normal flushing cycle, the same experiment staff uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the maximum sound pressure level of the A weighted time average pulse on the same parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet bowl sample at the same installation position
6 times of repeated measurement are carried out, for each repeated measurement, the toilet sample needs to be reinstalled, adjusted and positioned, and background noise correction is carried out on the measurement result; standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
in the evaluation of the results:
effective perceived noise level L when a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L of flushing noise for 3 samples greater than this setEPNArithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; and calculating the effective noise level L of the flushing noise measured by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method by applying the A weight pulse sound level time weight characteristic I of the sound level meter under the specific static pressure condition of two groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samplesEPNIs arithmetic mean of
Effective perceived noise level L if a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the two sets of 6 sample washout noisesEPNArithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; effective perceived noise level L of flushing noise from residual toilet sampleEPNIs arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
2. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) the method comprises the steps that a flushing water tank and water tank fittings meeting the requirement of rated water consumption are prepared, a seat ring, a cover plate and flanges with proper sizes are prepared, for a toilet sample with a rear-discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet sample is adjusted from the rear-discharge type to a lower-discharge type by using the flanges with proper sizes, and the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested is debugged according to the standard debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in GB 6952 and 2015; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample according to installation instructions of a production plant, performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured; if the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground, the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflecting surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
3. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to the claim 1, wherein the determination of the sound source reference body and the measuring surfaces of the parallelepiped and the hemisphere is performed according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: according to item 7.1 in GB/T3768-2017 simple method for measuring sound power level and sound energy level of a noise source by using an acoustic sound pressure method and adopting an envelope measuring surface above a reflecting surface, setting the position and the size of a sound source reference body by using a three-dimensional coordinate system; the center of a box body formed by a sound source reference body and mirror images of the sound source reference body on adjacent reflecting planes is taken as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body; length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2A reflective plane; [ l1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2Two reflecting planes; [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2Three reflection planes in meters (m);
(2) determination of the parallelepiped measuring surface and its microphone position array: according to item 7.2.4 in GB/T3768-2017, the parallelepiped measuring surface and the sound source reference body adopted in the test have the same azimuth coordinate origin and appearance shape, namely the area is S, the flushing noise source of the toilet bowl to be tested is enveloped, and each side is parallel to the baseAn imaginary parallelepiped whose side of the quasicody is at a distance d from the reference body, wherein d is greater than or equal to 1.0 m; if the sample of the toilet bowl to be detected is not close to any wall when being installed, the position coordinates (x, y and z) of 1 st to 9 th microphones are respectively (a,0,0.5c), (0, b,0.5c), (-a, 0,0.5c), (0, -b,0.5c), (a, b, c), (-a, -b, c), (a, -b, c) and (0,0, c); area S ═ 4(ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+d，b＝0.5l2+d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3Respectively, the length, width and height of the sound source reference body, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m; if the sample of the toilet to be detected is installed close to the wall, the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 4 th microphones are (2a,0,0.5c), (a, b,0.5c), (a, -b,0.5c) and (a,0, c) respectively; area S ═ 2(2ab + bc +2ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d，b＝0.5l2+d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3The length, width and height of the sound source reference body from the wall to the front end face are respectively, and the unit is meter (m); d is 1.0 m; if the sample of the toilet to be detected is arranged close to a wall corner, the 1 st to 3 rd microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are respectively (2a, -b,0.5c), (a, -2b,0.5c), (a, -b, c); area S ═ 2(2ab + bc + ca), where a ═ 0.5l1+0.5d，b＝0.5l2+0.5d，c＝l3+d；l1、l2、l3The length, width and height of the sound source reference body, the length and width of the reference body, i.e. the distance from two walls to the opposite face of the corresponding reference body, are measured in meters (m); d is 1.0 m;
(3) determination of hemispherical measurement surfaces and their microphone position arrays: according to item 7.2.3 of GB/T3768-2017, the hemispherical measuring surface adopted in the test and the sound source reference body have the same azimuth coordinate origin, namely, the center of a box body formed by the reference body and a virtual image thereof in an adjacent reflecting surface is a hemispherical surface with the measuring radius r, wherein r is more than or equal to 2d0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m; if the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane during installation, the measuring surface is a complete hemisphere with the area S2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the microphone are (-0.45r,0.77r,0.45r), (-0.45r, -0.77r,0.45r), (0.89r,0.00r,0.45r), (0.00r,0.00r,1.00r), (0.45 r)r, -0.77r,0.45r), (0.45r,0.77r,0.45r), (-0.89r,0.00r,0.45 r); in view of the strong directivity of the flushing noise of the toilet, if the sound pressure level variation range measured at the first four basic microphone positions exceeds 8dB, the additional microphone position is additionally arranged; if the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2Measuring the radius r to be 3.0 m; the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the microphone are respectively (0.45r, -0.77r,0.45r), (0.45r,0.77r,0.45r), (0.66r,0.00r,0.75 r); if the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the three reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2(ii)/2, the measurement radius r is 3.0 m; the microphone position coordinates (x, y, z) are (0.45r, -0.77r,0.45r), (0.77r, -0.45r,0.45r), (0.47r, -0.47r,0.75r), respectively.
4. The floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impulse noise judgment is performed according to the following steps:
(1) in the acoustic environment of a semi-anechoic chamber, a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample is directly placed in the center of the ground in a test chamber, and the normal flushing function of the pedestal pan sample is ensured; on the height of 1.0m away from the ground, four coordinate points which are 1.0m above the center of a water seal of the toilet bowl, 1.0m in front of the center of the water seal of the toilet bowl, 1.0m in front of the toilet bowl and 1.0m in front of the toilet bowl are respectively selected as acoustic measurement points, and the two measurement points in front of the left side and the right side are respectively positioned at the positions 0.7m away from the left side and the right side of the measurement point in front of the toilet bowl;
(2) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water to enable the water seal to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to different water consumption requirements and immediately starting timing; collecting integral time by using a complete normal flushing period as an audio signal of a sound level meter, and if the flushing period of a toilet sample is less than 10s, counting the integral time by 10 s; the time average pulse maximum of flushing noise at coordinates of each measuring point by respectively applying A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic 'I' and A weighting equivalent sound level slow time weighting characteristic 'S' of a sound level meterLoud sound pressure level L'pAIi(ST)(max)And a cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L'pAi(ST)(50)Measuring for 5 times continuously at each measuring point coordinate and recording;
(3) calculating a corresponding impulse noise index delta L 'by using the measured sound pressure level values of the points'pAIi(ST)(max)－L′pAi(ST)(50)And if the average value of the impulse noise indexes is more than or equal to 3dB, the flushing noise of the toilet bowl sample to be detected can be judged to be impulse noise.
5. The method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor-standing ceramic toilet bowl as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound pressure level measurement is performed by the following steps:
(1) except that 1 toilet sample to be tested, a tripod and other necessary experimental appliances are reserved, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel are required to be present; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics;
(2) measuring its dimension l with a straight steel ruler and a square1、l2、l3Recording, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d thereof according to the number of the reflection planes involved in the sample installation mode0(ii) a Selecting an applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface and calculating specific sizes a, b and c or a measuring radius r of the applicable parallelepiped or hemispherical enveloping sound source measuring surface; calculating and recording the coordinates of the measuring points according to the position array of the selected measuring surface microphone;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement should have time-weighted pulse gear 'I' and A-weighted equivalent sound level gear 'L' at the same timeAeq"and meets the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period does not exceed 2 years; the filter meets the requirement of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year; before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the testing chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the available space volume in the testing chamber is ensured to meet the installation requirement of the ceramic pedestal pan sample to be tested, the testing chamber has the water supply/drainage condition required by the flushing function, and the static pressure of the test water can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s;
(5) positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array of the selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top tripod head of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) taking a complete normal flushing cycle, half flushing or full flushing, as integral time for sound level meter audio signal acquisition, and if the flushing cycle of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 10s, counting the integral time by 10 s; determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent Sound level Slow time-weighted characteristic "S" of a Sound level MeterpAi(B)(50)Continuously measuring for 3 times at each microphone position, taking the arithmetic mean value as the sound pressure level measurement value of the background noise at the position and recording; if the difference of the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each position is greater than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank of the toilet to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water to enable the water seal to fill water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured and starting timing immediately; collecting integral time by using a complete normal flushing period as an audio signal of a sound level meter, and if the flushing period of a toilet sample is less than 10s, counting the integral time by 10 s; determination of time-averaged pulse maximum sound pressure level L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise on selected parallelepiped or hemispherical measurement surfaces Using A-weighted pulse Sound level time weighted characteristic of Sound level Meter "I'pAIi(ST)(max)And recording; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
6. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the result evaluation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the standard requirements of related products, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) effective perceived noise level L when a certain sample is flushedEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the washout noise of this set of 3 samplesEPNArithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the effective sensing noise level L of flushing noise measured by a parallelepiped or hemisphere measuring surface method by using the A weighting pulse sound level time weighting characteristic I of a sound level meter under the condition of specific static pressure of front and back groups of toilet bowl samplesEPNIs arithmetic mean of
Effective perceived noise level L if certain sample washout noiseEPNEffective perceived noise level L greater than the two sets of 6 sample washout noisesEPNArithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; effective perceived noise level L of flushing noise from residual toilet sampleEPNIs arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
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