CN109747159A - 用于连接具有摩擦销的部件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于连接具有摩擦销的部件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109747159A
CN109747159A CN201811229052.0A CN201811229052A CN109747159A CN 109747159 A CN109747159 A CN 109747159A CN 201811229052 A CN201811229052 A CN 201811229052A CN 109747159 A CN109747159 A CN 109747159A
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friction pin
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CN109747159B (zh
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J·M·波尔沃尔克奇克
H·A·伊萨特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1225—Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/027—Setting rivets by friction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/124—Controlling or monitoring the welding process at the beginning or at the end of a weld
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/127—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed the speed being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
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Abstract

提供了用于连接部件的***、装置或方法。该***通过摩擦销沿轴线施加力到第一基板，例如通过接合器或连接装置进行。该***还通过在第一基板内以第一速度围绕轴线旋转摩擦销以使与摩擦销相邻的第一基板的部分摩擦熔化。该***还沿轴线施加力到第二基板，并且通过在第二基板内以第二速度旋转摩擦销而将与摩擦销相邻的第二基板的部分摩擦熔化。该***将摩擦销的一部分嵌入第一基板和第二基板中。在一些配置中，第一速度和第二速度基本上相等。在其他配置中，第一速度与第二速度不同。

Description

用于连接具有摩擦销的部件的方法和装置
引文
本发明总体上涉及用于连接部件的结构、装置和方法，所述部件例如金属、热塑性塑料或复合材料。
发明内容
提供了用于连接部件的***、装置或方法。该***通过摩擦销沿轴线施加力到第一基板，例如通过接合器或连接装置进行。该***还通过在第一基板内以第一速度围绕轴线旋转摩擦销以使与摩擦销相邻的第一基板的部分摩擦熔化。
该***还沿轴线施加力到第二基板，并且通过在第二基板内以第二速度旋转摩擦销而将与摩擦销相邻的第二基板的部分摩擦熔化。该***将摩擦销的一部分嵌入第一基板和第二基板中。
在一些配置中，第一速度和第二速度基本上相等。在其他配置中，第一速度与第二速度不同。
该***构造成切割不嵌入第一基板和第二基板内的摩擦销的剩余部分，使得摩擦销中的一些保持在基板内，而一些与基板分离。
在一些配置中，第一基板由第一材料形成，第二基板由第二材料形成，第二材料与第一材料不同。材料可具有不同的熔化温度。
摩擦销可包括具有第一直径的第一部分和具有第二直径的第二部分，第二直径大于第一直径。通过以第一速度在第一基板内旋转摩擦销的第一部分，与摩擦销相邻的第一基板的部分可以发生摩擦熔化。此外，通过以第二速度在第二基板内旋转摩擦销的第一部分，与摩擦销相邻的第二基板的部分可以发生摩擦熔化，而摩擦销的第二部分也在第一基板内旋转。因此，摩擦销的第一部分在第一基板和第二基板内以不同的速度旋转。
摩擦销可包括具有第一表面处理的第一部分和具有第二表面处理的第二部分，第二表面处理不同于第一表面处理。此外，***可构造成使得摩擦销的第一部分在第一基板内以第一速度旋转，并且在第二基板内以第二速度旋转，且第二速度可大于第一速度。
本发明的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点根据下述具体实施方式而清楚明白，该具体实施方式关于一些用于执行所公开的结构、方法或两者的最佳模式和其他配置。
附图说明
图1A是用于连接具有摩擦销的多个部件的装置或***的示意图，其示出了驱动器，驱动器构造成使摩擦销旋转并前进到所述部件中。
图1B是图1A的装置或***的一部分的示意图，示出了嵌入在部件中的摩擦销的一部分和被切割的摩擦销的剩余部分。
图2A是用于连接具有阶梯半径摩擦销的多个部件的另外的装置或***的示意图，示出了摩擦销的小直径部分以第一速度在第一部件内旋转。
图2B是图2A的装置或***的一部分的示意图，示出了摩擦销的小直径部分以第二速度在第二部件内旋转，摩擦销的大直径部分在第一部件内旋转。
图3A是用于连接具有摩擦销的多个部件的另外的装置或***的示意图，该摩擦销沿其基本恒定的半径具有不同的表面处理。
图3B是图3A的装置或***的一部分的示意图，显示摩擦销在以第二速度旋转的同时进入第二部件。
具体实施方式
在附图中，在所有附图中相同的附图标记始终对应于相同或相似的部件。在图1A和图1B中示出了***或装置10的示意图，其示出了一种连接部件的方法。
驱动器12(在图1A中示意性地示出)构造成围绕轴线16旋转摩擦销14，并且沿着轴线16驱动摩擦销14。摩擦销14将第一基板20连接到第二基板22上，形成组合零件或部件。
驱动器12构造成沿轴线16施加力，使得摩擦销14向第一基板20施加线性力。另外，驱动器12构造成围绕轴线16旋转摩擦销14，使得摩擦销14相对于第一基板20移动，并且在它们之间产生摩擦。
如图1A所示，装置10将与摩擦销14相邻的第一基板20的部分摩擦熔化。驱动器12相对于第一基板20以第一速度围绕轴线16旋转摩擦销14，发生熔化。驱动器12也沿轴线16施加力，使得摩擦销14向第二基板22施加力。如本文所用，术语“熔化(melt)”、“熔化(melting)”等指参考材料完全熔化到这样的程度：即参考材料的流动性或软化使得例如摩擦销14的物体可以在不断裂或切割参考材料的相邻部分的情况下移动穿过。熔化还可以指在材料中诱导出足够的塑性，以允许材料移动和再固化而不会在材料中诱导出故障。
摩擦销14的材料与第一基板20之间的摩擦产生热能。热能的量取决于施加在摩擦销14和第一基板20之间的力、由摩擦销14的转动引起的相对运动，以及摩擦销14和第一基板20之间的摩擦系数，如本领域技术人员所认识到的。
摩擦销14前进通过第一基板20之后，装置10摩擦地熔化与摩擦销14相邻的第二基板22的一部分。驱动器12在第二基板22中以第二速度旋转摩擦销14。在一些构造中，第一速度和第二速度基本相同，使得摩擦销14在第一基板20和第二基板22内以相同的速度旋转。
在图1A和图1B中所示的配置中，第一基板20和第二基板22可以由这样的材料形成，所述材料具有基本相似的熔化温度，并且可以具有基本相似的与摩擦销14的摩擦系数。第一基板20与第二基板22可以是相同或基本相似的材料，或可以是不同的材料。因此，在摩擦销14和第一基板20之间产生的相互作用和摩擦基本上类似于在摩擦销14和第二基板22之间产生的相互作用和摩擦。
一旦摩擦销14位于第二基板22的至少一部分内，驱动器12可停止旋转摩擦销14，使得第一基板20和第二基板22冷却并重新固化。然后，摩擦销14的至少一部分保持为嵌入在第一基板20和第二基板22内。
如图1B所示，装置10可切割摩擦销14的剩余部分30，剩余部分30不嵌入第一基板20或第二基板22中。在装置10的一些构造中，驱动器12可进行切割，或者分离的剪切装置或切割装置可以从摩擦销14的嵌入部分移除剩余部分30。
此外，摩擦销14可以是包括多个摩擦销14的销堆32。因此，剩余部分30包括用于随后的连接过程的附加摩擦销14。因此，装置10迭代地驱动销堆32的前部并将销堆32的前部嵌入第一基板20及第二基板22，然后从嵌入的摩擦销14中切割剩余部分30，允许另一套第一基板20和第二基板22与销堆32的剩余部分30迭代地连接。
应注意，第一基板20和第二基板22、以及在此示出的所有其他部件的形状仅是示意性地示出，以示出装置10的一般特征。所示的形状、尺寸或配置不以任何方式进行限制。
普遍而言，第一基板20和第二基板22可由金属、塑料或复合材料形成。在连接前，第一基板20和第二基板22可以例如但不限于冲压、机加工、压模或注塑成最终的部件形状。
第一基板20与第二基板22的材料能够熔化和再固化。例如，金属和热塑性塑料(或由其形成的复合材料)可通过加热来反复软化或熔化，并在冷却后再固化。
附图中所示的所有结构是基本图示，以有助于描述本发明特性化的方法、装置和结构。本领域技术人员将认识到，可以使用额外的工具、部件和设备来实施本文所述的技术。
尽管本发明或许参考特定的应用或行业，本领域技术人员将认识到本发明的广泛应用。本领域普通技术人员将认识到，如下所述的术语针对附图是描述性地应用，并不代表对本发明范围的限制，该范围如所附权利要求所限定，所述术语例如“上方”、“下方”、“向上”、“向下”等。诸如“第一”或“第二”的任何数字指定仅是说明性的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
在一个附图中示出的特征可以与任何附图中所示的特征相结合、以其进行替代或修改。除非另有说明，否则没有特征、元件或限定与任何其他特征、元件或限定相互排斥。此外，操作并不绝对要求某些特征、元件或限定。附图中所示的任何特定配置仅是说明性的，而所示的特定配置不限定权利要求或说明书。
术语“基本上”指的是理想上完美或完整的关系，但制造实际阻止了绝对的完美。因此，基本上表示完美情况的典型异变。例如，如果高度A基本上等于高度B，则最好两个高度为100.0％相等，但是制造实际可能导致与这种完美存在距离。本领域技术人员将认识到相关技术中可接受的异变的量。
此外，就基本上相等而言，覆盖区、区域或距离通常可以在完美情况的10％以内。类似地，例如平行或垂直的相对对准则通常可认为是在5％以内。然而，注意，相关领域的普通技术人员将理解针对完美情况的可接受的异变。
还参考图2A和图2B，并继续参考图1A和图1B，图中示出了另一种***或装置110的示意图，其示出了连接部件的方法。
驱动器(图2A和图2B中未示出)构造成围绕轴线116旋转摩擦销114，并沿着轴线116驱动摩擦销114。摩擦销114将第一基板120连接到第二基板122上，形成组合零件或部件。
在图2A和图2B所示的配置中，第一基板120由第一材料形成，第二基板122由第二材料形成，第二材料不同于第一材料。因此，第一基板120和第二基板122可具有不同的熔化温度。例如，第一基板120的第一材料可以具有比第二基板122的第二材料更高的熔化温度。
如图所示，摩擦销114具有阶梯状半径的构造。摩擦销114包括具有第一直径的第一部分124和具有第二直径的第二部分126，第二直径大于第一直径。具有较小直径的第一部分124首先前进到第一基板120中，然后进入第二基板122。
如图2A所示，通过在第一基板120内旋转摩擦销114的第一部分124而使第一基板120的与摩擦销114相邻的部分发生摩擦熔化。摩擦销114的第一部分124在第一基板120内以第一速度旋转。
类似地，如图2B所示，通过在第二基板122内旋转摩擦销114的第一部分而使与摩擦销114相邻的第二基板122的部分发生摩擦熔化。摩擦销114在第二基板122内以第二速度旋转。
摩擦销114旋转的第二速度小于第一速度。注意，摩擦销114的第二部分也在第一基板120内并在第二速度下旋转。
第一基板120具有比第二基板122更高的熔化温度。摩擦销114的较小直径的第一部分124位于第一基板120内，其以高速旋转，因为外表面速度(切向速度)小于第二部分126的表面速度。
然而，随着第一部分124前进到具有较低的熔化温度的第二基板122中，摩擦销114的旋转减慢到第二速度。第一部分124的减小的切向速度足以使第二基板122的与摩擦销114相邻的部分熔化。
同时，在第二部分125与第一基板120的界面处，第二部分126的较大直径产生较高的切向速度。因此，第二速度的减小速率仍然引入足够的热量以保持第一基板120的部分被熔化。
装置110可切割未嵌入在第一基板120或第二基板122内的摩擦销114的剩余部分130。所示的摩擦销114还配置为包括多个单独的摩擦销114的销堆132。第一部分124和第二部分126在销堆132中交替。因此，在将剩余部分130从摩擦销114的嵌入部分移除之后，则随后的第一部分124可以进行应用。
熔化或至少软化第一基板120和第二基板122的材料以嵌入摩擦销114，相比于例如通过第一基板120或第二基板122来驱动紧固件，这样可提供不同的附着特性。紧固件通常包括螺纹、脊或切割或刺穿材料而不进行熔化的其他特征。然而，摩擦销114穿透第一基板120或第二基板122而不切割或损坏被连接的材料。
还参考图3A和图3B，并继续参考图1A-图2B，显示了用于连接具有摩擦销214的部件的装置210，摩擦销214具有不同的表面处理。摩擦销214围绕轴线216旋转，并例如通过接合器(未示出)沿轴线216前进到第一基板220和第二基板222中。
摩擦销214具有基本恒定的直径，但在第一部分124和第二部分126上具有不同的表面处理。变化的表面处理可以通过例如但不限于化学、物理或材料加工来实现。第一部分124和第二部分126的不同的表面处理影响第一部分124和第一基板220之间以及和第二基板222之间所经受的摩擦系数，并且还影响第二部分126和第一基板220之间所经受的摩擦系数。
在图3A和图3B的配置中，第一基板220和第二基板222可具有不同的熔化温度。特别地，与图2A和图2B所示的配置不同，第二基板222的材料可具有比第一基板220的材料更高的熔化温度。摩擦销214首先以第一速度在第一基板220中旋转，然后当摩擦销214的第一部分224位于第二基板222内时以第二速度旋转。
由于第一基板的较低的熔化温度，旋转的第一速度可较低，从而当第一部分224旋转以熔化第一基板220时，相对于熔化第二基板222所需的能量，需要较少的摩擦热能。因此，当第一部分224前进至第二基板222中时，旋转速度增加至第二速度，使得第一部分224产生额外的摩擦热以熔化第二基板222，尽管其具有较高的熔化温度。
摩擦销214以第二速度旋转，使得第一部分224熔化第二基板222的相邻部分，同时第二部分226熔化第一基板220的部分。第二部分的表面处理可以减小第二部分226和第一基板220之间的摩擦系数，第二部分226和第一基板220之间的摩擦系数可相对于第一部分224和第一基板220之间的摩擦系数而减小。
因此，当摩擦销214以第二速度旋转时，在第二部分226和第一基板220之间产生较少的摩擦热。以第二速度产生的摩擦热足以通过摩擦销214的第一部分224熔化第二基板222，并且足以通过摩擦销214的第二部分226熔化或保持第一基板220的已熔化状态。
具体实施方式和附图或图示用于支持和描述在此讨论的主题。虽然已经详细描述了一些最佳模式和其他实施例，但是存在多种替代设计、实施例和配置。

Claims (10)

1.用于连接部件的方法，包括：
通过摩擦销沿轴线施加力到第一基板；
通过在所述第一基板内以第一速度围绕所述轴线旋转所述摩擦销以使与所述摩擦销相邻的所述第一基板的部分摩擦熔化；
通过所述摩擦销沿所述轴线施加力到第二基板；
通过在所述第二基板内以第二速度旋转所述摩擦销而将与所述摩擦销相邻的所述第二基板的部分摩擦熔化；以及
将所述摩擦销的一部分嵌入所述第一基板和所述第二基板中，使得所述第一基板和所述第二基板连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一速度和所述第二速度基本上相等。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
切割不嵌入所述第一基板和所述第二基板内的所述摩擦销的剩余部分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述第一速度与所述第二速度不同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述第一基板由第一材料形成，所述第二基板由第二材料形成，所述第二材料与所述第一材料不同；并且
其中所述第一材料具有高于所述第二材料的熔化温度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述摩擦销包括具有第一直径的第一部分和具有第二直径的第二部分；并且
其中所述第二直径大于所述第一直径。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，
其中通过在所述第一基板内旋转所述摩擦销的所述第一部分，与所述摩擦销相邻的所述第一基板的部分发生摩擦熔化；并且
其中通过在所述第二基板内旋转所述摩擦销的所述第一部分，与所述摩擦销相邻的所述第二基板的部分发生摩擦熔化，而所述摩擦销的所述第二部分在所述第一基板内旋转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，
其中所述摩擦销的所述第一部分在所述第一基板内以所述第一速度旋转，并且在所述第二基板内以所述第二速度旋转；并且
其中所述第二速度小于所述第一速度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述摩擦销包括具有第一表面处理的第一部分和具有第二表面处理的第二部分，所述第二表面处理不同于所述第一表面处理。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，
其中所述摩擦销的所述第一部分在所述第一基板内以所述第一速度旋转，并且在所述第二基板内以所述第二速度旋转，并且
其中所述第二速度大于所述第一速度。
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