CN109745965A - A method of the catalyst and co hydrogenation of the oxide containing CeZr directly convert producing light olefins - Google Patents
A method of the catalyst and co hydrogenation of the oxide containing CeZr directly convert producing light olefins Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to co hydrogenations directly to prepare low-carbon alkene, a kind of method for directly converting producing light olefins more particularly to the catalyst and co hydrogenation of oxide containing CeZr, it is using synthesis gas as reaction raw materials, conversion reaction is carried out in fixed bed or moving bed, the catalyst that this method uses is combined by component A and B component, its component A is metal composite oxide CexZr (1-x) O2, B component is molecular sieve, and metal oxide and molecular sieve physics mode have mixed catalytic action.Weight ratio range 0.1-20 between component A and B component, reaction process has very high product yield and selectivity, especially stability is preferable, the selectivity that the selectivity of low-carbon alkene still can maintain low-carbon alkene after 650h can be maintained to react can achieve 65-73%, byproduct methane is selectively extremely low (< 15%), has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to co hydrogenations to prepare low-carbon alkene, and in particular to a kind of catalyst and co hydrogenation are straight
The method of switching through producing light olefins.
Background technique
Low-carbon alkene refers to the alkene that carbon atom number is less than or equal to 4.Using ethylene, propylene as the low-carbon alkene right and wrong of representative
Often important basic organic chemical industry raw material, with the rapid growth of China's economy, for a long time, low-carbon alkene market is not for answering
It asks.Currently, the petrochemical industry route that the production of low-carbon alkene mainly uses lighter hydrocarbons (ethane, naphtha, light diesel fuel) to crack, due to
The long-term run at high level of growing lack and crude oil price of Global Oil resource develops low-carbon alkene industry and relies solely on petroleum light hydrocarbon
Increasing raw material problem can be encountered for the tube cracking furnace technique of raw material, low-carbon alkene production technology and raw material must be polynary
Change.It selects synthesis gas producing olefinic hydrocarbons technique that can widen raw material sources, will be with crude oil, natural gas, coal and recyclable materials
Raw material produces synthesis gas, provides alternative solution for the steam cracking technology aspect based on high cost feedstocks such as naphtha.Synthesis gas
The direct preparing low-carbon olefins of one-step method be exactly carbon monoxide and hydrogen under the action of catalyst, by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis directly be made
The process of low-carbon alkene of the carbon atom number less than or equal to 4, the technique are not necessarily to as indirect method technique from synthesis gas through methanol
Or dimethyl ether, alkene is further prepared, simplification of flowsheet greatly reduces investment.
Synthesis gas passes through the direct preparing low-carbon olefins of F- T synthesis, it has also become the research hotspot of fischer-tropsch synthetic catalyst exploitation
One of.In patent CN1083415A disclosed in Dalian Chemiclophysics Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the Group IIAs alkali metal oxide such as MgO
Or iron-Mn catalyst system that silica-rich zeolite molecular sieve (or phosphorus aluminium zeolite) supports, auxiliary agent is made with highly basic K or Cs ion, is being closed
It is 1.0~5.0MPa at gas reaction for preparing light olefins pressure, at 300~400 DEG C of reaction temperature, can get higher activity (CO
Conversion ratio 90%) and selectivity (selectivity of light olefin 66%).The patent ZL031095852 that Beijing University of Chemical Technology is declared
In, use vacuum impregnation technology to prepare manganese, copper, zinc silicon, potassium etc. anti-for preparation of low carbon olefines by synthetic gas for the Fe/C catalyst of auxiliary agent
It answers, under conditions of no unstripped gas recycles, CO conversion ratio 96%, selectivity 68% of the low-carbon alkene in hydrocarbon.Most
Closely, Dutch Utrecht university de Jong professor team uses SiC, the Fe and Na, S of the load of the inert carriers such as carbon nano-fiber
Etc. addition agent modified Fe catalyst, the selectivity of light olefin that progress very well obtains 61% is achieved, but conversion ratio increases
When, selectivity reduces.The catalyst of above-mentioned report is to use metallic iron or cementite for active component, and reaction follows metal watch
The chain propagation reaction mechanism in face, the selectivity of product low-carbon alkene is lower, and the selectivity of especially single product such as ethylene is lower than
30%, meanwhile, methane content is higher than 15%.
Nearest Dalian Inst of Chemicophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences's packet letter and academician and Pan Xiulian researcher report aluminium oxide
The ZnCr of load2O4Spinel oxide and the compound bifunctional catalyst of multi-stage porous SAPO-34 molecular sieve, realize CO conversion ratio
When 17%, the selectivity of low-carbon alkene 80%, wherein low-carbon alkanes are selectively 14, and the ratio (ethylenic alkoxy rate) of alkene and alkane reaches
To 5.7.But the space that the stability of catalyst is still improved, especially the selectivity of low-carbon alkene is bright after 760h reaction
Aobvious decline, only 60% or so.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the catalyst and co hydrogenation the present invention provides a kind of oxide containing CeZr directly turn
Change the method for producing light olefins, especially stability is preferable, and the selectivity of low-carbon alkene still can after 650h can be maintained to react
Maintain the selectivity of low-carbon alkene in the product up to 65~73%, methane selectively is lower than 15%.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of catalyst of the oxide containing CeZr, the oxide catalyst containing CeZr is by component A and B component with physics side
Formula mixing, the active ingredient of component A are metal composite oxide, and the metal composite oxide is CexZr (1-x) O2, B component
For molecular sieve, x value range is 0.6-0.98, preferably 0.8-0.98.Sample in preferred scope remains to after long-time is reacted
Show more preferably olefine selective and lower methane selectively.
The pattern that the metal composite oxide is observed under a scanning electron microscope is bar-like or spherical, preferably stick
Shape.Rod-like samples expose more active crystal faces compared to spherical sample, better modulation reaction atmosphere lower surface Ce4+/Ce3+
Ion ratio, and then modulation surface oxygen vacancies makes the generation for being more advantageous to alkene, and methane is inhibited to generate.
The catalyst B component is the molecular sieve with CHA, AEI topological structure, 8 annulus ducts and suitable cage
Size is conducive to the generation of low-carbon alkene.
Between the weight ratio 0.1-20 range between active ingredient and B component in the catalyst component A, preferably
0.3-5。
The metal composite oxide is made of the crystal grain that size is 5-30nm, deep from grain surface to intra-die direction
Degree is in the distance range of 0.3nm, there are a large amount of oxygen vacancies, i.e., the reasonable opinion stoichiometric ratio 60% of oxygen atom mole hereinafter,
It is preferred that oxygen atom mole is reasonable to discuss stoichiometric ratio 60%-10%, more preferably 40-10%;Surface Lacking oxygen is defined as (oxygen
Atomic mol is reasonable to discuss nonstoichiometric molar ratio content), corresponding Lacking oxygen molar ratio is preferably 40-90%, more preferably
60-90%.
It is can choose in the component A added with dispersing agent, dispersing agent Al2O3、SiO2、Cr2O3、ZrO2、TiO2、ZnO
One of or two kinds, metal composite oxide is scattered in dispersing agent, and content of the dispersing agent in component A is in 0.05-
90wt.%, remaining is active metal composite oxide, and suitable dispersing agent is conducive to control oxide nano-particles size,
And it is conducive to shaping of catalyst.
The backbone element composition of the molecular sieve of CHA, AEI topological structure can be Si-Al-O, Ga-Al-O, Ti-Si-
O, one of Si-Al-P-O, Al-P-O, Ge-Al-O or two kinds or more;
Physics mode mixing can be used one of mechanical stirring, ball milling, shaking table mixing, mechanical lapping or two kinds with
Upper progress is compound.
A kind of method that synthesis gas directly converts producing light olefins, using synthesis gas as unstripped gas, using above-mentioned catalyst,
Conversion reaction is carried out in fixed bed or moving bed.
Synthesis gas is H2/ CO gaseous mixture, H2/ CO molar ratio is 0.2-3.5, preferably 0.3-2.5;The pressure of the synthesis gas
Power is 0.5-10MPa, and reaction temperature is 300-600 DEG C, air speed 300-10000h-1;Synthesis gas H2/ CO molar ratio is 0.2-
3.5, preferably 0.3-2.5.
The preparation process of metal composite oxide is: using cerium, zirconates presoma, adds urea, ammonium hydroxide, carbon thereto
Yu Shuizhong is mutually mixed sour ammonium at room temperature;Above-mentioned mixed liquor is aged, washing, filtering and drying are then taken out, it is resulting solid
Body roasts in air atmosphere or sodium hydroxide solution is added in water using cerium, zirconates presoma using the method for hydrothermal synthesis
Hot kettle high temperature high pressure crystallization is taken out afterwards be filtered for a period of time, washs, dry, and obtained solid roasts in air atmosphere,
Obtain metal composite oxide CexZr (1-x) O2.
Using one of etching agents such as oleic acid, methenamine, ethylenediamine, ammonium hydroxide, hydrazine hydrate or two kinds or more, by metal
Oxide is soaked in etchant solution;Above-mentioned suspended matter is heated 30-90 minutes at 100-150 DEG C, then takes out washing
Filtering obtains the metal oxide under reaction atmosphere with exhibiting high surface oxygen vacancies;The dry reduction in atmosphere by filtrate
Processing, atmosphere are inert gas or inert gas and reducibility gas gaseous mixture, inert gas N2, one of He and Ar
Or two kinds or more, reducing atmosphere H2, CO one or two or more kinds, the body of inert gas and reducibility gas in gaseous mixture
Product is handled 0.5-5 hours, treatment temperature is 20-350 DEG C than being 100/10-0/100.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of it is as follows:
(1) present invention is different from traditional preparing light olefins from methanol technology (referred to as MTO), realizes one-step method and directly will
Synthesis gas is converted into low-carbon alkene.
(2) preparation process of the composite catalyst in the present invention is simple, mild condition;And reaction process has very high production
Product yield and selectivity, especially with CexZr (1-x) O2 oxide, oxide microscopic appearance is bar-like or spherical, preferably stick
Shape, stability is preferable, and the selectivity of low-carbon alkene still can maintain the choosing of C2-C4 low-carbon alkene after 650h can be maintained to react
Selecting property can achieve 65-73%, while byproduct methane is selectively extremely low (< 15%), has a good application prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below by embodiment, but scope of the presently claimed invention is not by these realities
Apply the limitation of example.Meanwhile embodiment has been merely given as realizing the partial condition of this purpose, but is not meant to must satisfy these
Condition just can achieve this purpose.
Embodiment 1
One, the preparation of catalyst component A
(1) preparation of metal composite oxide CexZr (1-x) O2
(1) number is metal oxide 3, metal oxide 4, metal oxide 5, metal oxide 8, metal oxide 9
Sample use cerous nitrate, zirconium nitrate for presoma, add urea, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate Yu Shuizhong phase at room temperature thereto
Mutually mixing;Above-mentioned mixed liquor is aged, washing, filtering and drying are then taken out, resulting solid roasts in air atmosphere, i.e.,
Obtain metal oxide CexZr (1-x) O2.
(2) number is metal oxide 1, and the sample of metal oxide 2, metal oxide 6, metal oxide 7 uses water
The method of thermal synthesis uses cerous nitrate, zirconium nitrate for presoma, and sodium hydroxide solution is added in water heating kettle high temperature high pressure crystallization
It takes out and is filtered after a period of time, wash, dry, obtained solid roasts in air atmosphere, obtains metal oxide CexZr
(1-x)O2。
By above-mentioned sample using the etching agents such as oleic acid, methenamine, ethylenediamine, ammonium hydroxide, hydrazine hydrate, at normal temperature with metal
Oxide ultrasound mixes, and metal oxide is soaked in etchant solution, and etching agent and metal oxide form complexing or direct
Reduction reaction occurs;
Above-mentioned suspended matter is heated, washing filtering is then taken out, obtains the nano metal oxygen with exhibiting high surface oxygen vacancies
Compound material.
In table 1: the mass ratio of catalyst and etching agent is 1:3.The mass ratio of oleic acid and methenamine is 1:1, not molten
The mass ratio of agent, oleic acid and 5wt.% hydrazine hydrate is 95:5, without solvent;Specific treatment conditions include etching agent, temperature, processing
Time and atmosphere type are as shown in table 1.
Dry or dry reduction:
The product of above-mentioned acquisition is by centrifugation or filtering, after being cleaned with deionized water, be dried in atmosphere or
Dry and reduction treatment, atmosphere are the gaseous mixture of inert gas or inert gas and reproducibility gas, inert gas N2, He and
One of Ar or two kinds or more, reducing atmosphere H2, CO one or two or more kinds, indifferent gas in dry reduction gaseous mixture
The volume ratio of body and reducibility gas is 100/10~0/100, and dry and reduction treatment temperature is 350 DEG C, time 4h.I.e.
Obtain the metal oxide materials that surface is rich in Lacking oxygen.Specific sample and its preparation condition such as table 1.Wherein surface Lacking oxygen is fixed
Justice is (oxygen atom mole is reasonable to discuss nonstoichiometric molar ratio content).
The preparation and its performance parameter of 1 metal oxide materials of table
Two, the preparation of catalyst B (molecular sieve of CHA, AEL topological structure)
According to n (Al2O3)/n(P2O5)=1, n (SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=0.5, n (TEA)/n (Al2O3)=2, nH2O/n
(Al2O3)=75.
Boehmite is mixed with deionized water, phosphoric acid is added, stirring 1h obtains homogeneous phase, and triethylamine is then added and stirs
It mixes uniformly, is eventually adding silica solution, obtain Primogel after being aged 2h, transfer it in Autoclaves for synthesis, 180 DEG C quiet
After state crystallization is quenched afterwards for 24 hours, washs, is dry, then 550 degree of roasting 6h obtain CHA molecular sieve in Muffle furnace.Corresponding product
Successively it is defined as CHA1-4.
According to n (Al2O3)/n(P2O5)=1, n (TEAOH)/n (Al2O3)=1.4, nH2O/n(Al2O3)=50.
Boehmite is mixed with deionized water, phosphoric acid is added, stirring 1h obtains homogeneous phase, tetraethyl hydrogen is then added
Amine-oxides stir evenly, and obtain Primogel after being aged 2h, transfer it in Autoclaves for synthesis, 150 DEG C of static crystallizations
After being quenched, wash after 72h, being dry, then 550 degree of roasting 6h obtain AEI molecular sieve in Muffle furnace.Corresponding product is successively fixed
Justice is AEI1-3;
Table 5 has the preparation and its performance parameter of the molecular sieve of CHA or AEL topological structure
Three, the preparation of catalyst
The catalyst A of required ratio and catalyst B are added to the container, transported using the high speed of these materials and/or container
Separation, broken, mixing are realized in the effect of one or more of the raw extruding force of movable property, impact force, cutting power, frictional force etc.
The purpose of, the conversion of mechanical energy, thermal energy and chemical energy is realized by modulation temperature and carrier gas atmosphere, further adjusts different component
Between interaction.
In physics mode mixed process, 20-100 DEG C of mixing temperature can be set, it can be in atmosphere or directly in sky
Carried out in gas, atmosphere are as follows: a) nitrogen and/or inert gas, b) gaseous mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen and/or inert gas, wherein hydrogen
Volume of the gas in gaseous mixture is the gaseous mixture of 5~50%, c) CO and nitrogen and/or inert gas, and wherein CO is in gaseous mixture
Volume be 5~20%, d) O2With the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and/or inert gas, wherein O2Volume in gaseous mixture is 5-
20%, the inert gas is one or more of helium, argon gas, neon.
Mechanical stirring: in stirred tank, being mixed catalyst A and B using stirring rod, by controlling mixing time
(5min-120min) and rate (30-300r/min), the mixability and relative distance of adjustable catalyst A and B.
Ball milling: being rolled at a high speed in grinding pot using abrasive material and catalyst, is generated intense impact to catalyst, is rolled, reaches
To dispersion, the effect of mixed catalyst A and B.By control abrasive material, (material can be stainless steel, agate, quartz.Size range:
5mm-15mm), with the ratio of catalyst (quality is than range: 20-100:1), the granularity and relative distance of adjustable catalyst.
Shaking table mixing method: catalyst A and B are pre-mixed, and are fitted into container;By the reciprocating vibration or circle that control shaking table
Week oscillation, realizes the mixing of catalyst A and B;By adjusting hunting speed (range: 1-70r/min) and time (range: 5min-
120min), it realizes and uniformly mixes and adjust its relative distance.
Mechanical milling method: catalyst A and B are pre-mixed, and are fitted into container.In certain pressure (range: 5kg-
Under 20kg), for example, by the lap tools such as machinery/magnetic stirring apparatus, ball mill, shaking table, autogenous mill/mortar and mixed catalysis
Agent carries out relative motion (speed range: 30-300r/min), reaches and adjusts catalyst grain size, relative distance and realize uniformly mixed
The effect of conjunction.
Specific catalyst preparation and its parameter attribute are as shown in table 6.
The preparation of 6 catalyst of table and its parameter attribute
Catalysis reaction example
By taking fixed bed reaction as an example, but catalyst is also applied for moving-burden bed reactor.The device is equipped with gas mass flow
(tail gas of reactor is directly connect with the proportional valve of chromatography, carries out period real-time sampling point for meter, online product analysis chromatography
Analysis).
The catalyst 2g of aforementioned present invention is placed in fixed bed reactors, using the air in Ar metathesis reactor, so
Afterwards again in H2200 DEG C are warming up in atmosphere, switching and merging gas (H2/ CO molar ratio=0.2-3.5), the pressure of synthesis gas is 0.5-
10MPa is warming up to 300-600 DEG C of reaction temperature, adjusts the air speed of reactor feed gas to 500-10000ml/g/h.Product by
Line chromatography tests and analyzes.
Change temperature, pressure and air speed, thus it is possible to vary reactivity worth.Low-carbon alkene after 650h (ethylene, propylene, butylene
It is one or two or more kinds of) selectivity in the product is up to 65~73%, feed stock conversion 15-50%;Since catalyst is compound
Metal oxide surface hydrogenation activity is not high, can avoid a large amount of generations of methane, and methane selectively is lower than 15%.
The concrete application and its effect data of 7 catalyst of table, the result after reacting 650h
The prior art: catalyst is the same as J in 201610600945.6 patent Examples.
The prior art 2: catalyst is the same as Z1 in 201610600945.6 patent Examples.
It is compared by embodiment, it is found that oxide containing CeZr is in suitable compositing range and preferred pattern
Show more preferably selectivity.
Excellent selectivity of product is still able to maintain after reacting using long-lasting catalytic of the invention.
Above embodiments are provided just for the sake of the description purpose of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.This
The range of invention is defined by the following claims.It does not depart from spirit and principles of the present invention and the various equivalent replacements made and repairs
Change, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of catalyst of oxide containing CeZr, the catalyst are physically mixed by component A and B component, component A
Active ingredient is metal composite oxide, it is characterised in that: the metal composite oxide is CexZr (1-x) O2, x value model
It encloses for 0.6-0.98, preferably 0.8-0.98, B component is molecular sieve.
2. the catalyst of the oxide according to claim 1 containing CeZr, it is characterised in that: the metal oxide it is microcosmic
Pattern is bar-like or spherical, preferably rodlike.
3. the catalyst of the oxide according to claim 1 containing CeZr, it is characterised in that: B component is with CHA or AEI
The molecular sieve of topological structure.
4. the catalyst of the oxide according to claim 1 containing CeZr, it is characterised in that: active ingredient and B in component A
Weight ratio range between component is 0.1-20, preferably 0.3-5.
5. the catalyst of the oxide containing CeZr described in any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the composition metal
Oxide is surface Lacking oxygen in the distance range of 0.3nm from grain surface to intra-die direction depth under reaction atmosphere
It is 40% or more, preferably 40-90%, more preferably 60-90%.
6. the catalyst of the oxide containing CeZr described in -5 any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the component A
In it is also an option that be added with dispersing agent, dispersing agent Al2O3、SiO2、Cr2O3、ZrO2、TiO2, one of ZnO or two kinds,
Metal composite oxide is scattered in dispersing agent, and for content of the dispersing agent in component A in 0.05-90wt.%, remaining is compound gold
Belong to oxide.
7. the catalyst of the oxide containing CeZr described in -5 any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the CHA,
The molecular sieve of AEI topological structure backbone element composition be Si-Al-O, Ga-Al-O, Ti-Si-O, Si-Al-P-O, Al-P-O,
One of Ge-Al-O or two kinds or more.
8. the catalyst of the oxide according to claim 1 containing CeZr, it is characterised in that: the physics mode mixing uses
Mechanical stirring, ball milling, shaking table mixing, one of mechanical lapping or two kinds or more carry out compound.
9. a kind of method that co hydrogenation directly converts producing light olefins, it is characterised in that: it is with the conjunction containing CO and H2
It is unstripped gas at gas, conversion reaction is carried out in fixed bed or moving bed, used catalyst is that claim 1-7 is any
The oxide catalyst containing CeZr.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized by: the synthesis gas is H2/ CO gaseous mixture, H2/ CO molar ratio
For 0.2-3.5, preferably 0.3-2.5;The pressure of the synthesis gas is 0.5-10MPa, and reaction temperature is 300-600 DEG C, air speed
For 300-10000h-1;Synthesis gas H2/ CO molar ratio is 0.2-3.5, preferably 0.3-2.5.
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CN110479364A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of method that bifunctional catalyst and CO add hydrogen directly to convert producing light olefins |
CN112108180A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Catalyst for preparing low-carbon olefin by directly converting synthesis gas and preparation method thereof |
CN112191278A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-08 | 正大能源材料(大连)有限公司 | Bifunctional catalyst for directly preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112675904A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon-containing catalyst and application thereof in one-step synthesis gas production of low-carbon olefin |
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CN114602452A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution and preparation method thereof |
CN114733565A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-07-12 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Composite catalyst, preparation method and application thereof, and method for preparing low-carbon olefin by synthesis gas one-step method |
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