CN109739898A - Engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area - Google Patents
Engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area that the invention discloses a kind of.The present invention is using engineering machinery using area as basic computational ele- ment, by obtaining activity level based on using area and for the mechanical investigation combined and processing method, emission factor database is established by data collection and localization testing and completes emission factor amendment, in calculation note overlay area in each engineering machinery field of employment all kinds of atmosphere pollutions of engineering machinery discharge, from bottom to top work out high-spatial and temporal resolution engineering machinery emission inventories.The engineering machinery emission inventories worked out by the method for the invention can be using each using area as point source processing, the monthly distribution of the latitude and longitude coordinates and discharge amount of using area can be provided, compared to previous methods, discharges computational accuracy and spatial and temporal resolution greatly improves.
Description
Technical field
The high-resolution engineering machinery discharge from bottom to top based on engineering machinery using area that the present invention relates to a kind of is clearly
Single preparation method.
Background technique
In recent years, China's gray haze pollution takes place frequently, and atmosphere polluting problem is concerned.Moving source is as the important of atmosphere pollution
One of source, it is more significant to the contribution of urban atmospheric pollution discharge.With the rapid development of our country's economy and infrastructure
Constantly improve, more and more engineering machinery, which put goods on the market, participates in engineering construction, and correspondingly its disposal of pollutants problem is increasingly prominent
Out.According to " China Construction Machinery industry yearbook (2017.09) ", by the end of the end of the year 2016, China's engineering machinery ownership reaches
672~7,280,000.Engineering machinery is compared to road automobile, more using diesel oil as fuel, often uses high-power diesel
Engine, discharge standard is lower, and tail gas control measure are incomplete.This arranges the pollutant of engineering machinery unit usage amount
It is high-volume higher, especially NOXAnd PM2.5.Except primary pollution beyond the region of objective existence, the NO of engineering machinery dischargeXIt is still made with precursors such as VOCs
At Brownish haze, the major reason of photochemical pollution.The field of employment of engineering machinery is often in densely populated city
Inside, pollutant emission have direct threat to population health.To solve the problems, such as urban Compound type atmosphere pollution, engineering is parsed
Mechanical contamination object discharge characteristics and time space distribution find out the discharge truth of a matter, while providing for modeling more structurally sound defeated
Enter data, establishes engineering machinery emission inventories and be of great significance.
The temporal resolution of engineering machinery emission inventories is generally 1 year at present, and calculating is typically based on engineering in statistical data
Mechanical ownership, fuel oil usage amount or mechanical total output are carried out using region, city as space scale, are handled according to face source,
The space distribution of pollutant emission is carried out using top-down mode.In recent years, there are also some scholars to carry out correlative study pair
The engineering machinery in building site, harbour, factory etc. carries out activity level sample investigation, it is therefore intended that obtains fuel consumption, mechanical volume
Determine the information such as power, technology distribution, improves the accuracy of traditional bill compilation method.But for traditional bill compilation side
Method, at present can only in total amount conversion zone or the engineering machinery emission level in city.It is still endless by engineering machinery management system
Kind influence, engineering machinery relevant all kinds of statistical data in domestic city are generally existing to obtain difficult situation, this makes inventory
Establishment has that activity level is unclear.In addition, conventional method is handled engineering machinery as face source, while lacking the time point
The collection and acquisition of cloth information, this makes Traditional project machinery inventory there is a problem of that spatial and temporal resolution is not high, it is difficult to when reflecting
Between and influence of the season to engineering machinery emission behaviour, the discharge for being unable to real embodiment engineering machinery using area approximation point source it is special
Sign, precision also show deficiency for the input of support atmospheric quality models and service Air Pollution Control decision.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as above-mentioned existing engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method, it is an object of that present invention to provide
A kind of engineering established from bottom to top and then the activity level investigation based on engineering machinery using area obtains activity level
The preparation method of mechanical drain inventory.This method is not related to the pure electric vehicle engineering machinery without direct pollutant emission.
For achieving the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area, specific to walk
It is rapid as follows:
(1) in inventory overlay area, the activity level data of all kinds of using area engineering machinery are collected one by one；
(2) obtained by the sample investigation for engineering machinery include local mechanical type, service life and discharge standard,
Including rated power, working time, fuel type and usage data data statistics rule, supplement may lack based on engineering
The activity level data of mechanical using area；
(3) according to the order of accuarcy of different using area actual conditions, the type that data can be obtained, activity level, flexibly
Select engineering machinery net work, fuel consumption, mileage travelled as activity level；
(4) emission factor of corresponding different activity level types, the row of foundation are obtained by data collection or localization testing
Factor data library is put, while obtaining the localization amendment that the information including temperature and sulfur content in fuel carries out emission factor；
(5) using engineering machinery using area as basic computational ele- ment, pass through the engineering machine based on engineering machinery using area
The calculation method of tool discharge amount, the different type used in all engineering machinery using areas in calculation note overlay area, no
In certain pollutant discharge amount of different months, establishment is based on work for same fuel, different discharge standards, the engineering machinery of different capacity section
The engineering machinery emission inventories from bottom to top of journey machinery using area；Wherein: the engineering machine based on engineering machinery using area
Shown in the calculation formula of tool discharge amount such as formula (I) and formula (II)；
Except SO2Outer pollutants calculation formula:
EoSO is removed for engineering machinery annual in inventory overlay area2The total emission volumn of outer o kind pollutant；
Ai,j,k,l,m,nTo be in m using the rated power that kth kind fuel meets l kind discharge standard in i-th of building site
Activity level of the jth kind machinery of power section at n-th month；
efj,k,l,m,oRated power to use kth kind fuel to meet l kind discharge standard is in the jth of m power section
The emission factor of the mechanical o kind pollutant of kind；
Kj,k,l,m,oThe jth kind for being in m power section for the rated power that kth kind fuel meets l kind discharge standard is mechanical
O kind pollutant comprehensive correction factor, i.e. the emission factors correction factor such as temperature, humidity, height above sea level；
SO2Calculation formula:
ESO2For engineering machinery SO annual in inventory overlay area2Total emission volumn；
Fi,j,k,l,m,nTo meet the jth kind that the rated power of l kind discharge standard is in m power section in i-th of building site
Kth kind fuel consumption of the machinery at n-th month；
Si,j,k,l,mTo meet the jth kind machine that the rated power of l kind discharge standard is in m power section in i-th of building site
The fuel used sulfur content of tool.
In the present invention, in step (2), mechanical type includes excavator, bull-dozer, loading machine, fork truck, road roller, paves
Machine, land leveller and other excavations, lifting, road surface, rock chisel, stake work, driving, municipal administration, concrete, port work, ground service, are adopted at scraper
Mine machinery and special-purpose vehicle.
In the present invention, in step (2), power section include < 10kW, 10-19kW, 19-37kW, 37-56kW, 56-75kW,
75-130kW、130-560kW、560-900kW、>900kW。
In the present invention, in step (2), fuel type includes gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied gas and other fuel.
In the present invention, in step (2), SO is removed2Outer pollutant includes CO, NOX、VOCs、PM2.5、PM10, BC and OC etc..
In the present invention, in step (4), data specifically includes that the non-rice habitats mechanical drain bill compilation promulgated from Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection
Guide, " Surveying of Urban Air Pollution Sources bill compilation handbook " and domestic and international pertinent literature.The amendment of emission factor then mainly considers
The influence of temperature, sulfur content in fuel, relevant parameter are obtained by statistics.
Compared to the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is that discharge calculating is substantially single with the using area of engineering machinery 1. carrying out activity level acquisition based on using area
Member counts the discharge of all field of employment engineering machinery using calculation method from bottom to top, can avoid municipal engineering machinery
True problem that ownership is not statistical uncertainty, the fine degree of activity level and the accuracy of Emission amount calculation are higher than conventional method volume
The emission inventories of system can more reflect the practical emission behaviour of engineering machinery.
2. directly calculating the discharge of the engineering machinery of different fields of employment, engineering machinery discharge can be presented in a manner of point source
Space distribution situation, the spatial resolutions of the engineering machinery emission inventories got is higher than the engineering machinery of conventional method establishment
Emission inventories.According to the emission inventories that the handling situations of different using area different times are calculated, temporal resolution is the moon
Part, higher than the engineering machinery emission inventories of conventional method establishment, be able to reflect the influence that season discharge engineering machinery, compare with
Toward method, discharges computational accuracy and spatial and temporal resolution greatly improves.
3. the present invention can obtain different using areas, including all kinds of construction sites (building, removal, road, river, water
Benefit, bridge, afforestation and other municipal works), airport, port and pier, train station, logistics handling distribution centre and factory
Etc. the engineering machinery that uses divide fuel type (gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied gas, other combustions each month within investigation year
Material), divide power section (< 10kW, 10-19kW, 19-37kW, 37-56kW, 56-75kW, 75-130kW, 130-560kW, 560-
900kW, > 900kW), divide the activity level information of discharge standard (state 0, state I, state II, state III)；Different type work can be calculated
The Air Pollutant Emission of journey machinery, including excavator, bull-dozer, loading machine, fork truck, road roller, paver, land leveller and
Other excavations, scraper, lifting, road surface, rock chisel, stake work, driving, municipal administration, concrete, port work, ground service, mining machine and special-purpose vehicle
Etc.；The discharge of different pollutants, including SO can be calculated2、CO、NOX、VOCs、PM2.5、PM10, the main atmosphere such as BC, OC it is dirty
Contaminate object；The discharge that can be used in working out different types of all engineering machinery fields of employment engineering machinery in inventory coverage area is clear
It is single；Engineering machinery discharge can be handled in a manner of point source, spatial resolution can be accurate to using area；It can be using the moon as the time
Precision can react the influence that season discharges engineering machinery；It can be used in working out district, city or even region and national scale
Engineering machinery emission inventories.
Detailed description of the invention
The schematic diagram of engineering machinery high-spatial and temporal resolution emission inventories preparation method of the Fig. 1 based on using area.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In embodiment, a kind of engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area is specific to walk
It is rapid as follows:
Firstly, collecting all kinds of using area engineering machinery by the activity level based on engineering machinery using area
Activity level data.Rule are distributed by all data of selective examination or the local engineering machinery of generaI investigation acquisition for all kinds of machinery again
Rule supplements and improves the activity level data based on engineering machinery using area.Then, pass through data collection or localization testing side
Formula is completed emission factor library and is established and emission factor amendment.It is used finally, being calculated using formula (I) and formula (II) based on engineering machinery
The engineering machinery discharge amount in place works out the high-resolution work of the City-scale from bottom to top based on engineering machinery using area
Journey mechanical drain inventory.
The present invention is based on the investigation of the engineering machinery activity level of using area mainly to take questionnaire survey mode.For difference
Using area feature, present invention design have the engineering machinery activity level questionnaire for different using areas.Every kind of questionnaire
Corresponding one kind engineering machinery using area, an engineering machinery using area are investigated using a questionnaire.
In the investigation preparation stage, since engineering machinery using area type and quantity are various, and centralized difference is managed, investigation
Object is mainly determined by the statistical information obtained from different authorities.Summarize from different department statistics data through integration
After do union processing, form the investigation list of all kinds of engineering machinery using areas.
When carrying out investigation, all engineering machinery using areas are adjusted one by one using corresponding questionnaire according to investigation list
It looks into.Questionnaire is filled in by the personnel of understanding using area engineering machinery situation under the guidance of professional investigation person and is checked and repair in time
Loss of learning in positive questionnaire fills in mistake, the problems such as data are unreasonable.
Engineering machinery activity level investigation based on using area, the main identification parameter for obtaining using area are main to wrap
Include title, address, longitude and latitude etc.；Using area overview, mainly in type and scale, engineer machinery operation including using area
Hold and the information such as workload, construction stage and construction speed and period；The activity level information of engineering machinery, main includes each
Usage quantity of the class engineering machinery in different months, different operating stage and action, total output, working time, fuel
Consumption information etc. should also collect the discharge standard of every engineering machinery in using area, vent gas treatment facility, fuel-based as far as possible
Type, the fuel consumption that month is divided in year and hours worked, unit time fuel consumption, rated power, load factor etc.
Details.
Since different regions and different engineering machinery using areas are very big for the registration and management presence of engineering machinery
Difference, using area management in part is more loose, and information registers lack of standardization, not comprehensive, imperfect, the use of engineering machinery in addition
In the presence of very large fluidity, this makes the acquisition of part using area engineering machinery activity level and investigation there is very big difficulty, adjusts
It looks into middle part even key message and has missing and omission.Therefore, the present invention introduces simultaneously and carries out engineering machinery Various types of data
The investigation of the regularity of distribution.
The investigation of the engineering machinery Various types of data regularity of distribution, takes questionnaire survey mode.Present invention design has for separate unit work
The activity level questionnaire of journey machinery, respondent are all kinds of engineering machinery, the corresponding engineering machinery of every part of questionnaire.
When carrying out investigation, chooses a certain number of all kinds of engineering machinery (spot-check) or choose all engineering machinery in city
(generally investigating) is used as respondent, and under the guidance of investigator, by engineering machinery, the owner is filled in.Engineering machinery owner packet
It includes: all kinds of departments for possessing or managing a greater number engineering machinery or enterprises and institutions and individual etc..
For the activity level questionnaire of separate unit engineering machinery, work machine type, factory plate model, fuel are mainly obtained
Type, year point moon firing rate and working time, unit time fuel consumption, rated power, service life and discharge standard,
The information such as exhaust gas processing device, load factor and mechanical groundwork place and job content within investigation year.
The investigation of the engineering machinery Various types of data regularity of distribution, it is therefore intended that the details for obtaining all kinds of engineering machinery, to
Summarize type, service life and the discharge standard of engineering machinery in city, power section, working time, fuel type and dosage etc.
Distribution situation, by Macro or mass analysis formed be suitable for survey area data distribution rule, supplement based on engineering machinery use
The data that may be lacked in the engineering machinery activity level investigation in place.
Two kinds of investigation methods are combined, can be effectively formed it is complete reliably based on engineering machinery using area with
It is that point source mode is presented, using the moon as the high-precision activity level information of temporal resolution, be used for Emission amount calculation.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method from bottom to top based on using area, which is characterized in that specific step
It is rapid as follows:
(1) in inventory overlay area, the activity level data of all kinds of using area engineering machinery are collected one by one；
It (2) include local mechanical type, service life and discharge standard by the sample investigation acquisition for engineering machinery, specified
Including power, working time, fuel type and usage data data statistics rule, supplement may lack based on engineering machinery
The activity level data of using area；
(3) according to the order of accuarcy of different using area actual conditions, the type that data can be obtained, activity level, flexible choice
Engineering machinery net work, fuel consumption and mileage travelled are as activity level；
(4) emission factor that corresponding different activity level types are obtained by data collection or localization testing, establish discharge because
Subdata base, while obtaining the localization amendment that the information including temperature and sulfur content in fuel carries out emission factor；
(5) it using engineering machinery using area as basic computational ele- ment, is arranged by the engineering machinery based on engineering machinery using area
Calculation method high-volume, the different type used in all engineering machinery using areas in calculation note overlay area, different combustions
In certain pollutant discharge amount of different months, establishment is based on engineering machine for material, different discharge standards, the engineering machinery of different capacity section
The engineering machinery emission inventories from bottom to top of tool using area；Wherein: the engineering machinery row based on engineering machinery using area
Shown in such as formula of calculation formula high-volume (I) and formula (II)；
Except SO2Outer pollutants calculation formula:
EoSO is removed for engineering machinery annual in inventory overlay area2The total emission volumn of outer o kind pollutant；
Ai,j,k,l,m,nTo be in m power using the rated power that kth kind fuel meets l kind discharge standard in i-th of building site
Activity level of the jth kind machinery of section at n-th month；
efj,k,l,m,oRated power to use kth kind fuel to meet l kind discharge standard is in the jth kind machine of m power section
The emission factor of the o kind pollutant of tool；
Kj,k,l,m,oThe jth kind that m power section is in for the rated power that kth kind fuel meets l kind discharge standard it is mechanical the
The comprehensive correction factor of o kind pollutant；
SO2Calculation formula:
ESO2For engineering machinery SO annual in inventory overlay area2Total emission volumn；
Fi,j,k,l,m,nTo meet the jth kind machinery that the rated power of l kind discharge standard is in m power section in i-th of building site
In n-th month kth kind fuel consumption；
Si,j,k,l,mTo meet the jth kind machinery institute that the rated power of l kind discharge standard is in m power section in i-th of building site
With the sulfur content of fuel.
2. engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mechanical in step (2)
Type includes excavator, bull-dozer, loading machine, fork truck, road roller, paver, land leveller and other excavations, scraper, lifting, road
Face, rock chisel, stake work, driving, municipal administration, concrete, port work, ground service, mining machine and special-purpose vehicle.
3. engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), power section
Including<10kW, 10-19kW, 19-37kW, 37-56kW, 56-75kW, 75-130kW, 130-560kW, 560-900kW,>
900kW。
4. engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), fuel-based
Type includes gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied gas and other fuel.
5. engineering machinery emission inventories preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), remove SO2Outside
Pollutant include CO, NOX、VOCs、PM2.5、PM10, BC and OC.
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