CN109736811B - Mechanical tunneling construction method for vertical shaft - Google Patents
Mechanical tunneling construction method for vertical shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736811B CN109736811B CN201811485593.XA CN201811485593A CN109736811B CN 109736811 B CN109736811 B CN 109736811B CN 201811485593 A CN201811485593 A CN 201811485593A CN 109736811 B CN109736811 B CN 109736811B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of shaft mechanical tunneling, and discloses a shaft mechanical tunneling construction method which comprises the steps of construction preparation, pre-digging a working pit, manufacturing an open caisson blade foot ring and a shaft locking notch, installing auxiliary equipment, initially lifting and hoisting by a tunneling machine, grouting by using a caisson wall lubricant, tunneling and excavating, deslagging, sinking and heightening the open caisson, sealing the bottom of the open caisson for draining water, and replacing the lubricant after sinking the shaft wall; the invention can improve the construction safety of the underground large-diameter shaft and improve the construction efficiency and the mechanization degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shaft mechanical tunneling, in particular to a shaft mechanical tunneling construction method.
Background
In recent years, with the shortage of urban land resources and the upgrading of planning concepts, the urban underground space field develops rapidly. In urban underground space engineering, the development of horizontal construction equipment such as a shield, a TBM (tunnel boring machine) and the like is relatively mature, but in underground vertical engineering construction such as an underground parking garage, a shield starting well, a deep tunnel vertical shaft and the like, the traditional construction mode of manual underground excavation is almost still adopted, the production mode is extensive, the working efficiency is low, and the potential safety hazard of constructors is very large. The brand-new vertical shaft mechanical construction method is urgently needed to be developed, and the purposes of well drilling, no well descending and quick construction in the construction of the underground vertical shaft are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shaft mechanical tunneling construction method. The construction safety of the underground large-diameter shaft can be improved, and the construction efficiency and the mechanization degree are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a shaft mechanical tunneling construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) construction preparation, analyzing engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions, and making a tunneling construction scheme and measures;
(2) pre-digging a working pit, namely digging the working pit on the ground along the outer boundary of a wellhead locking notch by using a long-arm excavator, wherein the working pit is used as a manufacturing working surface of a sunk well blade foot ring and a vertical well locking notch on one hand, and is used for reducing the sinking depth of a sunk well on the other hand;
(3) the open caisson cutting edge foot ring and the vertical shaft locking notch are manufactured,
a. the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is of a reinforced concrete structure, and 3 fixed sliding chutes are arranged on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring and used as a guide for the downward sliding of the tunneling rack; the slide groove is welded on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring, and a steel plate needs to be embedded on the inner wall surface;
the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is manufactured by adopting a cast-in-place concrete manufacturing method, a hole passage for threading the lifting steel strand is reserved in the cutting edge foot ring, and the part of the hole passage connected with the outer wall of the open caisson is made into a circular arc shape so as to ensure the linear transition of the lifting steel strand and avoid generating excessive stress concentration;
a groove for lifting the steel strand anchoring end is reserved on the inclined plane of the blade foot of the open caisson, a step is arranged on the outer wall of the open caisson, and the step width is preferably 10-20 cm and is used as a slurry storage step of a lubricant after the open caisson wall; the height of the step is preferably 2-3 m, and the step is used for increasing the seepage path of the lubricant and preventing the lubricant from communicating with mud in the open caisson;
the height of the slurry storage step is reduced at the position of the lifting steel strand pore passage, so that the lifting steel strand can penetrate out of the outer wall surface of the open caisson;
the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is provided with a lubricant grouting hole and a slurry discharging hole, the grouting hole and the slurry discharging hole are preferably arranged into two layers and are arranged in a quincunx shape according to a set interval;
the outer diameter of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is equal to the excavation diameter of the tunneling machine, and the inner diameter of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is used for meeting the installation size of a tunneling equipment rack;
the sunk well cutting edge ring is made into a component matched with the excavation size of the tunneling machine, the thickness of a well wall structure above the cutting edge ring is made to be different from that of the cutting edge, the clearance and the diameter change in the well are realized, and the effect that the same tunneling device can construct vertical wells with different inner diameters is achieved;
b. after the blade foot ring is manufactured, a reinforced concrete shaft locking notch structure is constructed, and the top end of the shaft locking notch is made into an arc-shaped corner at the position where the lifting steel stranded wire passes through so as to ensure the linear transition of the lifting steel stranded wire and avoid generating excessive stress concentration;
(4) the auxiliary equipment is installed and comprises an equipment base, a pipeline guide frame, a core-through hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic winch; the equipment base is of a steel structure, is arranged above a vertical shaft locking notch and is used as a base of the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch; the base under the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch is made into a block body independent from the peripheral base, and the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the base can translate inside and outside along the diameter direction according to different sizes of the sinking wells;
wherein, the base of the independent block body is made into a circular arc body with a set diameter, thereby achieving the effect of repeated use; 6 core-through hydraulic cylinders and 3 hydraulic winches are arranged at the wellhead;
(5) initial lifting and hoisting of heading machine
Hoisting the tunneling machine, and cutting the rock-soil mass at the set distance at the bottom of the edge foot ring all the time according to the working characteristics of a cutter head of the tunneling machine;
before the heading machine is hoisted, the manufactured blade foot ring needs to be lifted to a position which is away from the bottom of the pre-digging working pit by a core-through hydraulic cylinder by a set distance; setting the distance to be 1.3 m-1.9 m;
after the lifting is finished, the tunneling machine is hoisted to the chute in the well by using the ground wheel hoist and the hydraulic winch;
(6) after sinking the well wall, the lubricant is injected into the groove behind the sinking well wall through the injection hole, so as to play a role in reducing sinking resistance of the sinking well and maintaining the stability of the soil wall;
(7) tunneling and excavating, wherein a sinking type vertical shaft tunneling machine is adopted, the drilling arm is driven to revolve through revolution driving on a tunneling machine frame, and meanwhile 2 autorotation driving belts on the drilling arm drive the cutter discs to rotate; through the symmetrical arrangement of two rotation drives at 180 degrees, the rotation of the cutter head and the revolution of the drill boom, the full-section tunneling is realized;
the pressure required by tunneling is provided by the self weight of the tunneling machine, pressure-reducing drilling is realized by a hydraulic winch, and the perpendicularity of a tunneling vertical shaft is ensured by gravity;
when the drill boom revolves for 180-182 degrees, one full-face tunneling is completed, and the downward tunneling is continued under the action of the gravity of the cutter head;
during tunneling, the tunneling machine completes a tunneling stroke along the sliding chute;
during tunneling and excavation, the bottom of the blade foot of the open caisson is always kept at a safe distance of 600-900 mm from a tunneling cutter head under the action of a lower lifting device;
in the process of tunneling and excavating, the well is filled with slurry all the time, so that the effect of balancing the water pressure of the vertical shaft is achieved, and the effect of protecting the wall and preventing collapse is achieved at the position without the well wall at the bottom of the well;
(8) deslagging, namely deslagging by adopting a multi-suction-closing-opening pump gas-lift mixed well-washing deslagging system and a slurry pump; the slurry pump is arranged on a three-arm type tunneling frame of the tunneling machine;
when the device works, the cutter head starts to tunnel downwards under the action of gravity, and mud slurry is formed by the mud slag generated by tunneling and water injected into a well under the stirring of the cutter head; under the action of the slurry pump, slurry enters the slurry pipeline from the slag suction port; the slurry enters a slurry outlet main pipe, and is discharged into a ground slurry purification tank through a slurry pump and a slag outlet channel;
when the shaft is drilled to the slag suction port, the mud pressure is high enough to discharge slag by adopting a gas lift method, the operation of the mud pump is stopped or the mud pump is directly dismantled; compressed air is injected into the slag discharging channel to reduce the density of slurry in the slurry outlet main pipe, so that pressure difference is formed between the inside and the outside of the slurry outlet main pipe, and the gas lift mode is utilized to wash the well and discharge slag; pumping slurry lifted out of the well by gas, separating and precipitating the slurry, and returning the separated and precipitated slurry to the well for recycling;
(9) the sinking and connecting height of the open caisson is realized, and the well wall lifting device is matched with a vertical shaft tunneling machine; the well wall lifting device consists of a core-penetrating type hydraulic cylinder, a steel strand pay-off reel, a laser range finder, an inclination sensor and a control system;
sinking the open caisson to prepare: after the open caisson edge foot ring and the vertical shaft locking notch are manufactured, the lifting steel strand is threaded and locked; the steel strand penetrates through the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinder, passes through the lubricant groove, passes through the reserved hole channel of the open caisson cutting edge ring, and is locked in the inclined groove of the cutting edge ring by the anchor plate; the steel strands need to be pre-tensioned after being bundled, so that the stress states of the steel strands are the same, the tightness degree is consistent, and the stability and controllability of the sinking of the open caisson are ensured; after the steel strand is installed, a laser range finder and an inclination sensor are installed;
the laser range finders are arranged beside each group of the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinders and are used for measuring the lifting distance of the well wall; the inclination sensor is arranged on the outer side of the uppermost well wall and used for measuring the inclination angle of the well wall during lifting and placing;
then, locking/loosening the steel strand as required by a core-through hydraulic cylinder to complete lifting and lowering of the well wall, controlling the sinking of the well wall of the open caisson, and after the well wall of the open caisson is lifted and lowered in place each time, re-calibrating and resetting the data of the laser range finder, and reinstalling the inclination sensor on the well wall of the open caisson at the uppermost part to continuously measure the inclination angle;
the method comprises the following steps of:
firstly, before the sinking well wall is lifted, the upper anchor and the lower anchor are in a locking state, the core penetrating type oil cylinder starts to be lifted when in a retraction state, the lower anchor does not act and is in a locking state, and the upper anchor is loosened; secondly, extending a piston rod of the core-through oil cylinder, and moving the upper anchor upwards by a lifting stroke along with the piston rod integrally; thirdly, anchoring and locking the steel strand; fourthly, anchoring and loosening the steel strand; fifthly, anchoring and loosening steel strands, withdrawing a piston rod of the core penetrating type oil cylinder, and completing the lifting and releasing work of the well wall of the circulating open caisson; when the lifting and placing are required to be continued, a new cycle is started;
the open caisson height connecting mode adopts prefabricated pipe piece assembling or slip form cast-in-place, and the top surface of the existing open caisson structure is 20-30 cm higher than the ground before height connecting, so that a working surface with no height connecting at the top of the open caisson barrel is prevented;
(10) the open caisson is sealed at the bottom for drainage, when the tunneling depth reaches the designed depth, the tunneling machine is recovered and lifted away from the bottom of the shaft through a lifting device, and then the bottom of the vertical shaft is sealed by adopting a method of pouring concrete underwater; the design depth is 50 to 100 meters;
(11) replacing the lubricant after sinking the well wall, and quickly replacing the slurry in the lubricant groove after closing the bottom of the sinking well and in order to stabilize the sinking well by recovering the inherent action of soil on the well wall in time;
the replacement method comprises the steps of plugging the slurry discharge hole or installing a valve before the sinking of the open caisson is finished, dredging the slurry discharge hole after the bottom sealing of the open caisson after sinking, discharging slurry, and filling with cement slurry or cement-water glass slurry.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
a shaft mechanical tunneling construction method can ensure the construction safety of underground large-diameter shafts and improve the construction efficiency and the mechanization degree. The advantages are as follows:
(1) shaft tunneling is carried out based on the multi-cutter-disc self-transmission and revolution enveloping forming full-face cutting tunneling principle, and full-stratum tunneling construction can be realized.
(2) Compared with the prior art, the method can realize the slag discharge of particles with larger particle size by adopting the pump suction gas lift mixed slurry circulation slag discharge unearthing, and is suitable for a pebble soil field. The gas-lift pumping mixed type slag discharging system solves the problem that slag cannot be discharged due to insufficient mixed gas-liquid pressure difference at the initial stage of tunneling.
(3) The hydraulic lifting intelligent control system is adopted to lift, lift and lower the reinforced concrete tubular structure while tunneling, so that the construction of a main supporting structure of the vertical shaft is completed, the attitude and the lowering speed of the open caisson can be well guaranteed, and the construction error can be reduced and the construction safety can be guaranteed.
(4) A special open caisson cutting edge structure design is suitable for the construction method and meets the installation and working requirements of tunneling machinery and lifting equipment.
(5) The method can automatically supplement the lubricating agent amount after the wall according to the liquid level of the slurry in the sinking process of the open caisson, and does not need to manually control a mud jacking valve to ensure that the slurry is full of a lubricating sleeve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of the blade foot;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the accessory equipment layout;
FIG. 3 is a front view of an automatic control filling process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a float level switch;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the float level switch and the solenoid valve;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a tunneling construction process;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a tunneling construction process;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a well wall raising and lowering process;
fig. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e are schematic views showing the operation state of the through-type hydraulic cylinder.
In the figure: 1. A slurry storage step; 2. a step preformed hole groove; 3. a duct; 4. a cutting edge tread; 5. grouting holes; 6. a sunk well blade foot ring; 7. a chute; 8. a groove; 9. a blade foot bevel; 10. the wall of the open caisson; 11. a feed-through hydraulic cylinder; 12. a core-through hydraulic cylinder independent base; 13 — lubricant grooves; 14-independent base of hydraulic winch; 15-circular arc base; 16-shaft locking notch; 17-a steel plate; 18-fixing the disc; 19-float level switch; 20, a junction box; 21-a guide rod; 22-upper limit; 23-a ring magnet; 24 — lubricant level; 25-normally closed reed switch; 26-a float; 27-normally open reed switch; 28-lower limit; 29-a power supply; 30, a relay; 31-an electromagnetic valve; 32-hydraulic winch; 33-a three-arm type tunneling machine frame; 34-a drill boom; 35-a cutter head; 36-a cutter; 37-revolution driving; 38-rotation driving; 39-a slag suction port; 40-slurry pipeline; 41-main pulp outlet pipe; 42-slag channel; 43 slurry pump; 44-pre-digging a working pit; 45-tilt sensor; 46-laser rangefinder; 47-anchoring; 48-a piston rod; 49, anchoring; 50-anchor plate; 51-steel strand; and 52, paying off a steel strand.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, a shaft machine tunneling construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation for construction
The construction preparation mainly comprises the steps of carrying out detailed analysis and understanding on engineering geology and hydrogeology information provided by the design, carrying out deep and detailed construction investigation, making corresponding construction schemes and measures, sufficiently providing relevant machines and materials, and carefully compiling and implementing construction organization design, so that the engineering achieves the purposes of safety, high quality and high efficiency.
(2) Pre-digging working pit
A long-arm excavator and other machines are used for excavating a working pit with a certain depth on the ground along the outer boundary of a wellhead locking opening, so that the working pit is used as a manufacturing working surface of the edge foot ring of the open caisson and the vertical shaft locking opening on one hand, the sinking depth of the open caisson can be reduced on the other hand, and the construction period is shortened.
(3) Manufacturing method of edge foot ring of open caisson and locking port of vertical shaft
The open caisson cutting edge foot ring in the construction method is of a reinforced concrete structure and is manufactured in the pre-dug working pit. In the construction method, 3 fixed sliding chutes are arranged on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring and are used as the guide for downward sliding of the tunneling machine frame. The chute is welded on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring, and a steel plate needs to be embedded on the inner wall surface. The open caisson cutting edge foot ring in the construction method is manufactured by adopting a process of pouring concrete in situ, a pore passage for the lifting steel strand to penetrate is reserved in the cutting edge foot ring, and the part of the pore passage connected with the outer wall of the open caisson is made into an arc shape, so that the linear transition of the lifting steel strand can be ensured, and the excessive stress concentration cannot be generated. A groove for hoisting the steel strand anchoring end is reserved on the inclined plane of the blade foot of the open caisson in the construction method. The outer wall of the open caisson is provided with a step with a certain width, and the optimal width is 10-20 cm; a slurry storage step used as a lubricant behind the sinking wall; the step has a certain height, preferably 2-3 m; the seepage path of the lubricant can be enlarged, and the lubricant is prevented from communicating with mud in the open caisson; the height of the slurry storage step is reduced at the position of the lifting steel strand pore channel, so that the lifting steel strand can penetrate out of the outer wall surface of the open caisson. The open caisson cutting edge ring in the construction method is provided with a lubricant grouting hole and a slurry discharge hole, wherein the grouting hole and the slurry discharge hole are preferably arranged into two layers and are arranged in a quincunx shape at a certain interval. The outer diameter of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring in the construction method is equal to the excavation diameter of the tunneling machine, and the inner diameter meets the installation requirement of the tunneling equipment frame. The open caisson cutting edge foot ring in the construction method can be made into a standard component matched with the excavation size of the tunneling machine, the thickness of a well wall structure above the cutting edge foot ring can be made into a thickness different from that of the cutting edge foot, the clearance and the diameter change in the well are realized, and the effect that the same tunneling device can construct vertical wells with different inner diameters is achieved.
And after the edge foot ring is manufactured, constructing a reinforced concrete shaft locking notch structure. The top end of the shaft locking notch in the construction method is made into an arc-shaped corner at the part where the lifting steel strand passes through, so that the linear transition of the lifting steel strand can be ensured, and excessive stress concentration is avoided.
(4) Accessory equipment mounting
The accessory equipment comprises an equipment base, a pipeline guide frame, a core-through hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic winch. The equipment base is of a steel structure, is arranged on a vertical shaft locking notch and is used as a base of the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch. The base under the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch is made into a block body independent from the peripheral base, and the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the base can translate inside and outside along the diameter direction according to different sizes of the sunk wells. The base except the independent block body is made into a circular arc body with a certain diameter, so that the effect of repeated use is achieved. In the embodiment, 6 core-through hydraulic cylinders and 3 hydraulic winches are arranged at the wellhead.
(5) Initial lifting and hoisting of heading machine
And after the process is finished, hoisting the heading machine. The cutter head of the tunneling machine related to the construction method is characterized in that rock and soil mass is cut at a certain distance from the bottom of the blade foot ring all the time, so that the special process flow before the tunneling machine is hoisted in the construction method is that the manufactured blade foot ring needs to be lifted to a position which is at a certain distance from the bottom of a pre-excavation working pit through the core-penetrating type hydraulic cylinder.
And after the lifting is finished, the tunneling machine is hoisted into the chute in the well by utilizing the ground wheel hoist and the hydraulic winch together.
(6) Lubricant grouting after sinking of well wall
And the lubricant is injected into the groove behind the sinking well wall through the grouting holes, so that the sinking resistance of the sinking well is reduced and the soil wall is kept stable. The construction method comprises an automatic control filling method of the open caisson wall lubricant.
The automatic control filling device consists of a floating ball liquid level switch 19, a power supply 29, a relay 30 and an electromagnetic valve 31; the floating ball liquid level switch is fixed on a steel plate connected with the ground surface enclosure through a fixed disc, and the steel plate is welded with an embedded steel plate in the ground surface enclosure of the reinforced concrete structure; the float liquid level switch 19 is composed of a junction box 20, a guide rod 21, an upper limit 22, a lower limit 28, a floater 26, a normally closed reed switch 27 and a normally open reed switch 25; the normally closed reed switch 25 is arranged at a position where the preset liquid level of the slurry in the guide rod 21 is kept, and is generally 0.1-0.3 m higher than the ground surface; the normally open reed switch 27 is arranged at a preset slurry liquid level supplementing position in the guide rod 21, and the distance between the normally closed reed switch 25 and the normally open reed switch 27, namely the distance between a preset slurry liquid level maintaining position and a preset slurry liquid level supplementing position, is the height of the sinking ruler of each cycle of the open caisson, and is related to geological conditions, excavation speed and the like.
An annular magnet 23 is arranged in the floater 26, the upper limit 22 is arranged on the guide rod 9, and the magnet 23 can be aligned with the normally closed reed switch 25 when the floater 26 reaches the upper limit 22; the lower limit 28 is arranged on the guide rod 21, and the magnet 23 can be aligned with the normally open reed switch 27 when the float 26 reaches the lower limit 28; the float 26 moves up or down as the lubricant level 24 rises and falls.
The automatic control filling process flow comprises the following steps: as the wall of the open caisson sinks, the lubricant level 24 in the lubricant jacket also sinks with the open caisson. The float 26 also gradually lowers in position due to the change in the liquid level. When the open caisson sinks for a certain distance, the floater 26 is lowered to the lower limit 28 along with the liquid level, at the moment, under the influence of the magnet 23 in the floater 26, the reed in the normally open reed switch 27 is magnetized, the contact part is attracted, when the attraction force is larger than the elastic force of the reed, the normally open reed switch 27 is attracted, the electromagnetic valve 31 connected to the circuit is controlled by the relay 30 to start to electrify and run, the valve is opened, and the lubricant starts to be grouted through the grouting hole. Along with the progress of grouting, the liquid level 24 of the lubricant drives the floater 26 to gradually rise, when the grouting reaches a certain degree, the floater 26 rises to the upper limit 22 along with the liquid level, at the moment, under the influence of the magnet 23 in the floater 26, the reed in the normally closed reed switch 25 is magnetized, the contact part is attracted, when the attraction force is larger than the elastic force of the reed, the normally closed reed switch 25 is disconnected, the electromagnetic valve 31 is powered off and stopped, the valve is closed, and the grouting is stopped.
(7) And (3) tunneling and excavating, wherein the tunneling and excavating in the construction method relate to a sinking type vertical shaft tunneling machine. The heading machine mainly comprises a hydraulic winch, a three-arm type heading frame, a sunk well structure, a revolution drive, a drill boom, an autorotation drive, a cutter head, a slurry pump, a mud-water separation device, a slurry pipeline and a cutter, wherein the number of the hydraulic winch in the embodiment is 3, hooks on 3 supporting arms of the three-arm type heading frame are respectively hung, a chute is arranged on a sunk well blade foot ring, the three-arm type heading frame slides downwards along the chute to play a role in guiding and preventing the three-arm type heading frame from rotating, the center of the three-arm type heading frame is provided with the revolution drive, the rotating center of the output end of the revolution drive is superposed with the center of a heading section, the output end of the revolution drive is connected with the drill boom, the drill boom is provided with 2 autorotation drives, the rotating centers of the 2 autorotation drives are positioned on a circle with the, each autorotation drive is provided with an output end capable of freely rotating, each output end is provided with a corresponding cutter head, the cutter heads in the embodiment are 3 spoke cutter heads, the diameters of the 2 cutter heads are the same and are equal to the radius of a tunneling section, and 3 cutters are uniformly arranged on each cutter head along the circumferential direction.
The working principle of the shaft boring machine related to the construction method is that revolution driving on the boring rack drives the drill boom to revolve, and simultaneously 2 autorotations on the drill boom drive the cutter disc to autorotate. The two autorotation drives are symmetrically arranged for 180 degrees, full-section tunneling is realized through autorotation of the cutter head and revolution of the drill boom, pressure required by tunneling is provided by the dead weight of the tunneling machine, pressure-reducing drilling is realized by a hydraulic winch, and the verticality of a tunneling vertical shaft is ensured through gravity. When the drill boom revolves for a certain angle, one full-face tunneling is completed, and the downward tunneling is continued under the action of the gravity of the cutter head. And during tunneling, the tunneling machine completes a tunneling stroke along the sliding groove. When the excavation is carried out, a certain safety distance is always kept between the bottom of the blade foot of the open caisson and the excavation cutter head under the action of the lower placing and lifting device. In the process of tunneling and excavating, the well is filled with slurry all the time, the effect of balancing the water pressure of the vertical shaft is achieved, and the effect of protecting the wall and preventing collapse is achieved at the position without the well wall at the bottom of the well.
(8) The slag tapping process in the construction method relates to a multi-absorption-port pump suction gas lift hybrid well-flushing slag discharging system.
The slurry pump is arranged on a three-arm type tunneling frame of the tunneling machine, 6 slurry suction ports are arranged on 2 cutter heads in the example, each cutter head is arranged with 3 slurry suction ports, and the slurry suction ports are arranged on the inner side of a cutter.
The slag discharging process flow comprises the following steps: the cutter head starts to tunnel downwards under the action of gravity, mud slurry is formed by mud slag generated by tunneling and water injected into the well under the stirring of the cutter head, the mud enters a mud pipeline from a slag suction port under the action of a mud pump, then enters a main mud discharging pipe, and is discharged into a ground mud purifying tank through a mud pump and a slag discharging channel. When the vertical shaft is drilled to the slag suction port, the mud pressure is high enough to discharge slag by adopting a gas lift method, the mud pump can be stopped or directly removed, compressed air is injected into the slag discharge channel to reduce the density of mud in the main slurry discharge pipe, so that pressure difference is formed between the inside and the outside of the main slurry discharge pipe, and the gas lift method is utilized to wash the well and discharge slag. The mud pumped and lifted out of the well by the pump is separated and precipitated and then returned to the well for recycling.
(9) Sinking and heightening of open caisson
The sinking process of the open caisson of the construction method relates to a well wall lifting device matched with a vertical shaft tunneling machine. The well wall lifting device consists of a core-penetrating hydraulic cylinder, a steel strand pay-off reel, a laser range finder, an inclination sensor and a control system.
Sinking the open caisson to prepare: and after the open caisson edge foot ring and the vertical shaft locking notch are manufactured, the lifting steel strand is threaded and locked. And (3) penetrating the steel strand through the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinder, passing through the lubricant groove, passing through the reserved hole channel of the open caisson cutting edge ring, and locking the steel strand in the inclined groove of the cutting edge ring by adopting a special anchor plate. And pre-tensioning is needed after the steel strands are threaded, so that the stress state of each steel strand is the same, the tightness degree is consistent, and the stability and controllability of the sinking of the open caisson are ensured. And after the steel strand is installed, installing a laser range finder and an inclination sensor. The laser range finder is arranged beside each group of the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinders and used for measuring the lifting and placing distance of the well wall. The inclination sensor is arranged on the outer side of the uppermost well wall and used for measuring the inclination angle when the well wall is lifted and placed.
After the preparation work is finished, the steel strand is locked/loosened according to needs through the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinder to finish lifting and placing of the well wall, sinking of the well wall of the open caisson is controlled, after the well wall of the open caisson is lifted and placed in place each time, the data of the laser range finder is re-calibrated and reset, and the inclination sensor is installed on the well wall of the open caisson at the uppermost part again to continuously measure the inclination angle. The method comprises the following steps of:
firstly, before the sinking well wall is lifted, the upper anchor and the lower anchor are in a locking state, the core penetrating type oil cylinder starts to be lifted when in a retraction state, the lower anchor does not act and is in a locking state, and the upper anchor is loosened; secondly, extending a piston rod of the core-through oil cylinder, and moving the upper anchor upwards by a lifting stroke along with the piston rod integrally; thirdly, anchoring and locking the steel strand; fourthly, anchoring and loosening the steel strand; fifthly, anchoring and loosening the steel strand, withdrawing a piston rod of the core penetrating type oil cylinder, and completing the lifting and releasing work of the well wall of the circulating open caisson. And starting a new cycle if the lifting and releasing are required to be continued. As shown in the working state of the feed-through hydraulic cylinder of fig. 9: the first step is that the lower anchor is in a locking state and the upper anchor is in a loosening state; the second step is the extending state of the piston rod of the core-through oil cylinder; the third step is that the upper anchor locks the steel strand state; fourthly, the steel strand is loosened after anchoring; and fifthly, the retraction state of the master cylinder.
The open caisson connects high mode to adopt prefabricated section of jurisdiction to assemble or slip form cast-in-place, nevertheless with which kind of mode of connecing height, all guarantee to connect before high, have open caisson structure top surface and be higher than ground certain distance, prevent because of the open caisson barrel top does not have the working face that connects high.
(10) And (4) bottom sealing and draining the open caisson, recovering and lifting the tunneling machine away from the bottom of the shaft through a lifting device after the tunneling depth reaches the designed depth, and sealing the bottom of the vertical shaft by adopting a method of pouring concrete underwater.
(11) And (3) replacing the lubricant after sinking the well wall, and quickly replacing the slurry in the lubricant groove by recovering the inherent action of soil on the well wall in time after closing the bottom of the sinking well so as to stabilize the sinking well. The replacement method adopted by the embodiment is that before the sinking of the open caisson is finished, the slurry discharge hole is blocked or a valve is installed, after the open caisson is sunk and the bottom is sealed, the slurry discharge hole is dredged, slurry is discharged, and then cement slurry or cement-water glass slurry is used for filling.
Claims (2)
1. A shaft mechanical tunneling construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) construction preparation, analyzing engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions, and making a tunneling construction scheme and measures;
(2) pre-digging a working pit, namely digging the working pit on the ground along the outer boundary of a wellhead locking notch by using a long-arm excavator, wherein the working pit is used as a manufacturing working surface of a sunk well blade foot ring and a vertical well locking notch on one hand, and is used for reducing the sinking depth of a sunk well on the other hand;
(3) the open caisson cutting edge foot ring and the vertical shaft locking notch are manufactured,
a. the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is of a reinforced concrete structure, and 3 fixed sliding chutes are arranged on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring and used as a guide for the downward sliding of the tunneling rack; the slide groove is welded on the inner wall surface of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring, and a steel plate needs to be embedded on the inner wall surface;
the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is manufactured by adopting a cast-in-place concrete manufacturing method, a hole passage for threading the lifting steel strand is reserved in the cutting edge foot ring, and the part of the hole passage connected with the outer wall of the open caisson is made into a circular arc shape so as to ensure the linear transition of the lifting steel strand and avoid generating excessive stress concentration;
a groove for lifting the steel strand anchoring end is reserved on the inclined plane of the blade foot of the open caisson, a step is arranged on the outer wall of the open caisson, and the width of the step is 10-20 cm and is used as a slurry storage step for a lubricant after the open caisson wall is sunk; the height of the step is 2-3 m, and the step is used for increasing the seepage path of the lubricant and preventing the lubricant from communicating with slurry in the open caisson;
the height of the slurry storage step is reduced at the position of the lifting steel strand pore passage, so that the lifting steel strand can penetrate out of the outer wall surface of the open caisson;
the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is provided with a lubricant grouting hole and a slurry discharging hole which are arranged into two layers and arranged in a quincunx shape according to a set interval;
the outer diameter of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is equal to the excavation diameter of the tunneling machine, and the inner diameter of the open caisson cutting edge foot ring is used for meeting the installation size of a tunneling equipment rack;
the sunk well cutting edge ring is made into a component matched with the excavation size of the tunneling machine, the thickness of a well wall structure above the cutting edge ring is made to be different from that of the cutting edge, the clearance and the diameter change in the well are realized, and the effect that the same tunneling device can construct vertical wells with different inner diameters is achieved;
b. after the blade foot ring is manufactured, a reinforced concrete shaft locking notch structure is constructed, and the top end of the shaft locking notch is made into an arc-shaped corner at the position where the lifting steel stranded wire passes through so as to ensure the linear transition of the lifting steel stranded wire and avoid generating excessive stress concentration;
(4) the auxiliary equipment is installed and comprises an equipment base, a pipeline guide frame, a core-through hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic winch; the equipment base is of a steel structure, is arranged above a vertical shaft locking notch and is used as a base of the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch; the base under the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic winch is made into a block body independent from the peripheral base, and the core-through hydraulic cylinder and the base can translate inside and outside along the diameter direction according to different sizes of the sinking wells;
wherein, the base of the independent block body is made into a circular arc body with a set diameter, thereby achieving the effect of repeated use; 6 core-through hydraulic cylinders and 3 hydraulic winches are arranged at the wellhead;
(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) initially lifting and hoisting a tunneling machine, hoisting the tunneling machine, and cutting rock-soil mass at a set distance at the bottom of a blade foot ring all the time according to the working characteristics of a cutter head of the tunneling machine;
before the heading machine is hoisted, the manufactured blade foot ring needs to be lifted to a position which is away from the bottom of the pre-digging working pit by a core-through hydraulic cylinder by a set distance; setting the distance to be 1.3 m-1.9 m;
after the lifting is finished, the tunneling machine is hoisted to the chute in the well by using the ground wheel hoist and the hydraulic winch;
(6) after sinking the well wall, the lubricant is injected into the groove behind the sinking well wall through the injection hole, so as to play a role in reducing sinking resistance of the sinking well and maintaining the stability of the soil wall;
(7) tunneling and excavating, wherein a sinking type vertical shaft tunneling machine is adopted, the drilling arm is driven to revolve through revolution driving on a tunneling machine frame, and meanwhile 2 autorotation driving belts on the drilling arm drive the cutter discs to rotate; through the symmetrical arrangement of two rotation drives at 180 degrees, the rotation of the cutter head and the revolution of the drill boom, the full-section tunneling is realized;
the pressure required by tunneling is provided by the self weight of the tunneling machine, pressure-reducing drilling is realized by a hydraulic winch, and the perpendicularity of a tunneling vertical shaft is ensured by gravity;
when the drill boom revolves for 180-182 degrees, one-time full-face tunneling is completed, and downward tunneling is continued under the action of the gravity of the cutter head;
during tunneling, the tunneling machine completes a tunneling stroke along the sliding chute;
when in tunneling and excavation, the bottom of the blade foot of the open caisson is always kept at a safe distance of 900mm from the tunneling cutter head under the action of the lower lifting device;
in the process of tunneling and excavating, the well is filled with slurry all the time, so that the effect of balancing the water pressure of the vertical shaft is achieved, and the effect of protecting the wall and preventing collapse is achieved at the position without the well wall at the bottom of the well;
(8) deslagging, namely deslagging by adopting a multi-suction-closing-opening pump gas-lift mixed well-washing deslagging system and a slurry pump; the slurry pump is arranged on a three-arm type tunneling frame of the tunneling machine;
when the device works, the cutter head starts to tunnel downwards under the action of gravity, and mud slurry is formed by the mud slag generated by tunneling and water injected into a well under the stirring of the cutter head; under the action of the slurry pump, slurry enters the slurry pipeline from the slag suction port; the slurry enters a slurry outlet main pipe, and is discharged into a ground slurry purification tank through a slurry pump and a slag outlet channel;
when the shaft is drilled to the slag suction port, the mud pressure is high enough to discharge slag by adopting a gas lift method, the operation of the mud pump is stopped or the mud pump is directly dismantled; compressed air is injected into the slag discharging channel to reduce the density of slurry in the slurry outlet main pipe, so that pressure difference is formed between the inside and the outside of the slurry outlet main pipe, and the gas lift mode is utilized to wash the well and discharge slag; pumping slurry lifted out of the well by gas, separating and precipitating the slurry, and returning the separated and precipitated slurry to the well for recycling;
(9) the sinking and connecting height of the open caisson is realized, and the well wall lifting device is matched with a vertical shaft tunneling machine; the well wall lifting device consists of a core-penetrating type hydraulic cylinder, a steel strand pay-off reel, a laser range finder, an inclination sensor and a control system;
sinking the open caisson to prepare: after the open caisson edge foot ring and the vertical shaft locking notch are manufactured, the lifting steel strand is threaded and locked; the steel strand penetrates through the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinder, passes through the lubricant groove, passes through the reserved hole channel of the open caisson cutting edge ring, and is locked in the inclined groove of the cutting edge ring by the anchor plate; the steel strands need to be pre-tensioned after being bundled, so that the stress states of the steel strands are the same, the tightness degree is consistent, and the stability and controllability of the sinking of the open caisson are ensured; after the steel strand is installed, a laser range finder and an inclination sensor are installed;
the laser range finders are arranged beside each group of the core-penetrating hydraulic cylinders and are used for measuring the lifting distance of the well wall; the inclination sensor is arranged on the outer side of the uppermost well wall and used for measuring the inclination angle of the well wall during lifting and placing;
then, locking/loosening the steel strand as required by a core-through hydraulic cylinder to complete lifting and lowering of the well wall, controlling the sinking of the well wall of the open caisson, and after the well wall of the open caisson is lifted and lowered in place each time, re-calibrating and resetting the data of the laser range finder, and reinstalling the inclination sensor on the well wall of the open caisson at the uppermost part to continuously measure the inclination angle;
the method comprises the following steps of:
firstly, before the sinking well wall is lifted, the upper anchor and the lower anchor are in a locking state, the core penetrating type oil cylinder starts to be lifted when in a retraction state, the lower anchor does not act and is in a locking state, and the upper anchor is loosened; secondly, extending a piston rod of the core-through oil cylinder, and moving the upper anchor upwards by a lifting stroke along with the piston rod integrally; thirdly, anchoring and locking the steel strand; fourthly, anchoring and loosening the steel strand; fifthly, anchoring and loosening steel strands, withdrawing a piston rod of the core penetrating type oil cylinder, and completing the lifting and releasing work of the well wall of the circulating open caisson; when the lifting and placing are required to be continued, a new cycle is started;
the open caisson height connecting mode adopts prefabricated pipe piece assembling or slip form cast-in-place, and the top surface of the existing open caisson structure is ensured to be 20-30 cm higher than the ground before height connecting, so that a working surface for preventing the top of the open caisson barrel from being not connected with the height is avoided;
(10) the open caisson is sealed at the bottom for drainage, when the tunneling depth reaches the designed depth, the tunneling machine is recovered and lifted away from the bottom of the shaft through a lifting device, and then the bottom of the vertical shaft is sealed by adopting a method of pouring concrete underwater; 50-100 m;
(11) replacing the lubricant after sinking the well wall, and quickly replacing the slurry in the lubricant groove after closing the bottom of the sinking well and in order to stabilize the sinking well by recovering the inherent action of soil on the well wall in time;
the replacement method comprises the steps of plugging the slurry discharge hole or installing a valve before the sinking of the open caisson is finished, dredging the slurry discharge hole after the bottom sealing of the open caisson after sinking, discharging slurry, and filling with cement slurry or cement-water glass slurry.
2. The shaft machine tunneling construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lubricant is injected into the groove behind the sinking well wall through the injection hole, so that the sinking resistance of the sinking well is reduced and the soil wall is maintained to be stable; the automatic control filling method of the open caisson wall lubricant comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the automatic control filling device consists of a floating ball liquid level switch (19), a power supply (29), a relay (30) and an electromagnetic valve (31); the floating ball liquid level switch is fixed on a steel plate connected with the ground surface enclosure through a fixed disc, and the steel plate is welded with an embedded steel plate in the ground surface enclosure of the reinforced concrete structure; the floating ball liquid level switch (19) consists of a junction box (20), a guide rod (21), an upper limit (22), a lower limit (28), a floater (26), a normally closed reed switch (27) and a normally open reed switch (25); the normally closed reed switch (25) is arranged at a position where the preset liquid level of the slurry in the guide rod (21) is kept and is 0.1-0.3 m higher than the ground surface; the normally open reed switch (27) is arranged at a preset slurry liquid level supplementing position in the guide rod (21), and the distance between the normally closed reed switch (25) and the normally open reed switch (27), namely the distance between a preset slurry liquid level maintaining position and a preset slurry liquid level supplementing position, is the height of a sinking ruler sunk in each cycle of the open caisson and is related to geological conditions and excavation speed;
an annular magnet (23) is arranged in the floater (26), the upper limit (22) is arranged on the guide rod (9), and the magnet (23) can be aligned to the normally closed reed switch (25) when the floater (26) reaches the upper limit (22); the lower limit (28) is arranged on the guide rod (21), and the magnet (23) can be aligned to the normally open reed switch (27) when the floater (26) reaches the lower limit (28); the float (26) moves upwards or downwards along with the rise and fall of the lubricant liquid level (24);
the automatic control filling process flow comprises the following steps: along with the sinking of the well wall of the open caisson, the liquid level (24) of the lubricant in the lubricating sleeve sinks along with the open caisson; the position of the float (26) is gradually reduced due to the change of the liquid level;
after the open caisson sinks for a certain distance, the floater (26) is lowered to a lower limit (28) along with the liquid level, at the moment, under the influence of a magnet (23) in the floater (26), a reed in the normally open reed switch (27) is magnetized, a contact part is attracted, when the attraction force is greater than the elastic force of the reed, the normally open reed switch (27) is attracted, an electromagnetic valve (31) connected to a circuit is controlled by a relay (30) to start to electrify and operate, the valve is opened, and a lubricant starts grouting through a grouting hole; along with the progress of grouting, the liquid level (24) of the lubricant drives the floater (26) to gradually rise, when the grouting reaches a certain degree, the floater (26) rises to the upper limit (22) along with the liquid level, at the moment, under the influence of the magnet (23) in the floater (26), the reed in the normally closed reed switch (25) is magnetized, the contact part is attracted, when the attraction force is larger than the elastic force of the reed, the normally closed reed switch (25) is disconnected, the electromagnetic valve (31) is powered off and stops, the valve is closed, and the grouting is stopped.
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| CN110043264B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2024-02-09 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Construction method for jacking prefabricated rectangular vertical shaft structural type |
| CN112664197A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-04-16 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Shaft excavation device, large-diameter shaft heading machine and construction method |
| CN113309130B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2024-05-24 | 中建地下空间有限公司 | Controllable sinking construction method for open caisson |
| CN113482054A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | Active press-in type vertical shaft construction system and method suitable for soft soil area |
| CN113982488B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江天弘机器人科技有限公司 | Deep foundation pit tunneling robot and operation method thereof |
| CN114922626B (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2023-08-29 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Underground tunnel shaft tunneling drilling machine of pumped storage power station |
| CN114961734A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-08-30 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司 | Drilling pressure relief method suitable for ultra-deep vertical shaft |
| CN117005870B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-03-05 | 中铁七局集团广州工程有限公司 | Deviation correction detection device and method for curve jacking engineering |
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| CN105201513A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Shaft construction method for rail transit |
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