Multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Under the conditions of excessive planting and improper management of agricultural planting in China, serious soil problems exist. One is soil organic matter reduction. Farmyard manure is not applied or is applied for a long time, straw returning is lacked, green manure is not planted, and organic matters in soil cannot be supplemented; the excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the high yield exceeding the soil load, the frequent top soil plowing aggravates the exhaustion of soil carbon, and leads to the reduction of the organic matter content of the soil. The reduction of organic matters in soil can cause the destruction of soil structure and soil hardening, the reduction of soil fertility, the deterioration of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, the acidification and secondary salinization of soil, the aggravation of soil-borne diseases, the reduction of soil purification capacity and the like. Secondly, soil hardening. Due to the lack of organic matters in the farmland soil, unreasonable cultivation and irrigation, the application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers, soil acidification and secondary salinization of the soil, the soil conglomeration is damaged, and the soil is hardened. Soil hardening directly causes oxygen deficiency, water deficiency and fertilizer deficiency of a soil-plant system, and influences substance transformation and energy exchange of the soil-plant system, even certain physiological activities and life metabolism can not be normally carried out or stopped, or transformation to harmful directions is carried out. Thirdly, soil malnutrition. In the production, the fertilizer is not applied according to the proportion of nutrient elements required by crops, the fertilizer is not applied according to the soil formula, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in a blind excess manner, organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer are not applied or are applied in a small amount, so that the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil is caused, the depletion of medium and trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum and the like in soil is caused, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is disordered, the proportion of nutrients between macroelements and the medium and trace elements is disordered, the antagonism of the nutrient elements in the soil is caused, and the fertilizer is useless. And fourthly, chemical products such as pesticides and the like are polluted. The excessive use of chemical products such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers damages the ecological balance of soil, causes a large amount of beneficial organisms in the soil to die, reduces the biological population of the soil, deteriorates the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, reduces the activity of the soil, deteriorates the function of the soil, and causes the soil to lose the production capacity and the agricultural utilization value by serious pollutors.
Patent application CN106748490A discloses a functional fertilizer with nutrition conditioning effect for southern tomatoes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20 to 45 percent of urea, 10 to 20 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 28 to 48 percent of potassium sulfate, 0 to 20 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of medium and trace element complex composition, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of nano slow-release synergist and 1 to 5 percent of micromolecular organic carbon. According to the technical scheme, according to the nutrient requirements of the tomatoes and the characteristics of soil in the south, a biological source medium-trace element complex composition, a nano slow-release synergist and organic micromolecular carbon (the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 95%) are blended on the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers required in the growth process of the tomatoes, the growth of the tomatoes in the growth period is facilitated, the effects of slow release and loss control of nutrients are achieved, the capability of the tomatoes for coping with stress environments is enhanced, and the purposes of increasing yield and improving quality are achieved. Most of the functional fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and a small amount of medium and trace elements, monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and the like are supplemented, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil cannot be well improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the existing soil problem, the fertilizer can improve the physical property of soil, can be used in combination with irrigation facilities, and is an environment-friendly fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the inventor finds that the betaine and the rare earth can generate a synergistic effect under a certain weight proportion, degrade pesticide residues in soil and restore the activity of crops in a large number of experiments. Therefore, the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer has multiple functions, betaine and rare earth are introduced, and monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid, amino acid powder, bacterial liquid and multiple medium and trace elements are added to serve as specific supplementary materials, so that the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer is rich in microorganisms and high in nutritive value, and meanwhile, the waste liquid is utilized, and the production cost is reduced. The water-soluble fertilizer designed by the invention can provide nutrition for plants, loosen soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, inhibit root-knot nematodes, fungi and bacterial diseases, promote the growth of crop roots, improve the disease prevention capability of crops, improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the cold resistance of crops and improve the health of the soil and the crops when cold tides occur, can also save the using amounts of the fertilizer and pesticides, can be applied by combining irrigation facilities, saves labor cost, and is an environment-friendly fertilizer.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer with multiple functions comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
preferably, the bacterial liquid is paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquor thereof, and bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquor thereof.
Further preferably, the bacterial liquid is paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof, and the bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof are mixed according to the ratio of 1-2: 1-2, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10.0 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the organic matter content of the monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid is more than or equal to 75%.
Preferably, the calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate is a solution formed by calcium magnesium extracted from phosphorite by nitric acid.
Preferably, the amino acid powder is one or more of glutamic acid, histidine, aspartic acid, proline, valine, alanine, leucine, lysine, arginine, serine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine and threonine.
Preferably, the rare earth is rare earth nitrate.
The preparation method of the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and the amino acid powder, sequentially adding boric acid, EDTA iron, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, zinc nitrate, manganese nitrate, ammonium molybdate, bacterial liquid, brassinolide, betaine and rare earth nitrate, and uniformly stirring. Further preferably, the betaine and the rare earth nitrate are subjected to a complexing reaction and then mixed with other components of the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the water-soluble fertilizer can provide nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese, iron and molybdenum for plants, loosen soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, inhibit root-knot nematodes, fungi and bacterial diseases, promote the growth of crop roots, improve the disease prevention capability of crops, improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the cold resistance of crops and improve the health of the soil and the crops when cold tides occur, can save the using amount of the fertilizer and the pesticide, can be applied by combining irrigation facilities, saves the labor cost and is an environment-friendly fertilizer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.
The paecilomyces lilacinus and the fermentation liquor thereof, the bacillus licheniformis and the fermentation liquor thereof adopted in the following examples and comparative examples are all sold in the market, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10.0 hundred million/g.
Example 1:
preparation of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer
39.899% of monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and 20% of amino acid powder (mixed by glutamic acid, histidine and aspartic acid) are added into a reaction tank according to the mass percentage and are uniformly mixed, then 2.5% of boric acid, 3% of EDTA iron, 5% of potassium nitrate, 21% of calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, 3% of zinc nitrate, 5.3% of manganese nitrate, 0.1% of ammonium molybdate, 0.05% of bacterial liquid (mixed by paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof, and bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof according to the proportion of 1: 1), 0.001% of brassinolide, 0.05% of betaine and 0.1% of rare earth nitrate are sequentially added. The specific operation of adding the materials is to add another material after each material is completely dissolved.
The calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate is a solution formed by calcium magnesium extracted from phosphorite by nitric acid.
Example 2:
preparation of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer
According to the mass percentage, 30% of monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and 18% of amino acid powder (mixed by proline and valine) are added into a reaction tank to be uniformly mixed, and then 4% of boric acid, 4% of EDTA iron, 7% of potassium nitrate, 25% of calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, 4.04% of zinc nitrate, 6% of manganese nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium molybdate, 0.5% of bacterial liquid (mixed by paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof, and bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof according to a ratio of 2: 1), 0.01% of brassinolide, 0.15% of betaine and 1% of rare earth nitrate are sequentially added. The specific operation of adding the materials is to add another material after each material is completely dissolved.
The calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate is a solution formed by calcium magnesium extracted from phosphorite by nitric acid.
Example 3:
preparation of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer
According to the mass percentage, 35 percent of monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and 15 percent of amino acid powder (lysine, arginine, serine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine are mixed) are added into a reaction tank to be uniformly mixed, and then 5 percent of boric acid, 5 percent of EDTA iron, 5 percent of potassium nitrate, 21 percent of calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, 5 percent of zinc nitrate, 7.895 percent of manganese nitrate, 0.25 percent of ammonium molybdate, 0.25 percent of bacterial liquid (paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof are uniformly mixed with bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof according to the proportion of 1: 2), 0.005 percent of brassinolide, 0.1 percent of betaine and 0.5 percent of rare earth nitrate are sequentially added. The specific operation of adding the materials is to add another material after each material is completely dissolved.
The calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate is a solution formed by calcium magnesium extracted from phosphorite by nitric acid.
Example 4:
preparation of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer
30% of monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid and 20% of amino acid powder (mixed by histidine, valine and alanine) are added into a reaction tank according to the mass percentage and are uniformly mixed, then 2.5% of boric acid, 3% of EDTA iron, 10% of potassium nitrate, 20% of calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, 5% of zinc nitrate, 8% of manganese nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium molybdate, 0.4% of bacterial liquid (mixed by paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof, and bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof according to the proportion of 1: 2), 0.01% of brassinolide, 0.14% of betaine and 0.65% of rare earth nitrate are sequentially added. The specific operation of adding the materials is to add another material after each material is completely dissolved.
The calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate is a solution formed by calcium magnesium extracted from phosphorite by nitric acid.
Example 5:
compared with the embodiment 4, the betaine and the rare earth nitrate are subjected to complexation reaction and then mixed with other components of the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer, and other operations are the same as the embodiment 4.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
Comparative example 1 compared with example 1, betaine and rare earth nitrate were not added, and the other operations were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2 compared with example 1, betaine 0.1% and rare earth nitrate 0.05% by mass percentage, the other operations were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3 the same procedure as in example 1 was carried out except that no bacterial suspension was added as compared with example 1.
Comparative example 4 compared with example 1, the content of the components of the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer is different, and the other operations are the same as example 1; the comparative example 4 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 44.899% of monosodium glutamate fermentation waste liquid, 25% of amino acid powder, 2.5% of boric acid, 3% of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), 5% of potassium nitrate, 11% of calcium magnesium ammonium nitrate, 3% of zinc nitrate, 5.3% of manganese nitrate, 0.12% of ammonium molybdate, 0.03% of bacterial liquid (mixed uniformly by paecilomyces lilacinus and fermentation liquid thereof, and bacillus licheniformis and fermentation liquid thereof according to a ratio of 1: 1), 0.001% of brassinolide, 0.05% of betaine and 0.1% of rare earth nitrate.
Performance testing
1. In the greenhouse, there were 9 treatments, each treatment 3 replicates, each replicate being an area of 20 square meters. The blank control is conventional fertilization, 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied as base fertilizer, 1.2 kg of compound fertilizer (15-5-20) is applied in the flowering period of cucumber, and other management is the same as conventional management. The 9 treatments are respectively to apply the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizers prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4 as base fertilizers, the base fertilizers are 1 liter and fully mixed with soil in a greenhouse, cucumber seedlings are planted, 1.2 kilograms of compound fertilizers (15-5-20) are applied in the flowering period of cucumbers, and other management is the same as conventional management. The results obtained in the tests were as follows:
TABLE 1 application effect of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer on greenhouse cucumber
2. In open-air planted plots, there were 9 treatments, each treatment was 3 replicates, each replicate being a 20 square meter area. The blank control is conventional fertilization, 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to the base fertilizer, 1.2 kg of compound fertilizer (15-5-20) is applied to the pepper in the flowering period, and other management is the same as conventional management. The 9 treatments are respectively to apply the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizers prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4 as base fertilizers, 1.5 liters of the base fertilizers and soil are fully and uniformly mixed, watering is carried out, pepper seedlings are planted, 1.2 kilograms of compound fertilizers (15-5-20) are applied to the flowering period of the peppers, and other management is the same as conventional management. The results obtained in the tests are as follows:
TABLE 2 application effect of multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer on open-air peppers
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention has multiple functions, can improve the disease prevention capability of crops when being applied to greenhouse cucumbers and open-air peppers, and obviously improves the yield and quality of the crops. And compared with the comparative example 1, betaine and rare earth nitrate are not added, or compared with the comparative example 2, the weight ratio of betaine to rare earth nitrate is not in the range of the invention, and the obtained water-soluble fertilizer with multiple functions has reduced efficacy. The betaine and the rare earth nitrate generate synergistic action within the proportion range of the invention, so that pesticide residues in soil are degraded, and the activity of crops is recovered, thereby obviously improving the yield and quality of the crops. Compared with the embodiment 1, the performance of the water-soluble fertilizer with multiple functions is reduced without adding the bacterial liquid in the comparative example 3. The content ratio of the components of the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer in the comparative example 4 is out of the range of the invention, and the performance is also obviously reduced.
In conclusion, the multifunctional water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention achieves a comprehensive optimization effect by selecting raw material components and compounding the content proportion of the components, can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improves the disease prevention capability of crops, and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.