CN109728330A - Fuel cell system and thermal management method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and thermal management method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109728330A CN109728330A CN201811621456.4A CN201811621456A CN109728330A CN 109728330 A CN109728330 A CN 109728330A CN 201811621456 A CN201811621456 A CN 201811621456A CN 109728330 A CN109728330 A CN 109728330A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system and a heat management method thereof, wherein the system comprises a first circulating liquid path and a second circulating liquid path, and a controller is used for controlling the first or second circulating liquid path to work according to temperature information detected by a first temperature sensor; the thermal management method comprises the following steps of judging whether the real-time temperature of the electrolyte is in an optimal temperature range by using a controller: if yes, the first reversing valve and the second reversing valve are controlled through the controller, so that the second circulating liquid path works; if not, the first reversing valve and the second reversing valve are controlled through the controller, so that the first circulating liquid path works, if the real-time temperature is higher than a first threshold value, the energy storage heating device is used for absorbing the heat of the circulating liquid, and if the real-time temperature is lower than a second threshold value, the energy storage heating device is used for heating the circulating liquid. Based on the structural design of the double-circulation liquid path, the invention effectively solves the problems of operation heat dissipation, low-temperature operation and low-temperature starting of the fuel cell system, and has the advantages of strong reliability, high energy utilization rate, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fuel cell technology, specifically for, the present invention be a kind of fuel cell system and its
Thermal management algorithm.
Background technique
Currently, fuel cell will necessarily generate a large amount of heat in normal course of operation, to make the normal work of fuel cell
Make, generallys use air cooling way or water-cooling pattern radiates, and by heat dissipation into atmosphere.The conventional heat dissipation of fuel cell
Mode must additionally increase power supply, and still, the mode for increasing power supply reduces the reliability of fuel cell system, increases fuel
Battery cost, and to cause greatly waste, energy utilization rate lower for conventional radiating mode.In addition, fuel cell is in low temperature
It is had in (such as subzero, 40 DEG C especially subzero) starting or operational process by additional increased heat under environment
Amount, to heat cycles liquid, fuel cell system be made to work normally.So existing fuel cell is in normal course of operation, low temperature
It requires to expend the additional energy during operational process and cold-starting, i.e. the prior art must rely on external power supply, the party
The disadvantages of formula not only causes energy waste, but also there are at high cost, poor reliability.
Therefore, the energy utilization rate of fuel cell system how is effectively improved, energy waste is avoided and guarantees fuel electricity
The reliability of cell system work, the target for becoming those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved and pursuing always.
Summary of the invention
For solve serious energy waste existing for existing fuel cell system, poor reliability and it is at high cost the problems such as, this hair
Bright innovatively to provide a kind of fuel cell system and its thermal management algorithm, the accumulation of energy principle based on phase-change material effectively solves
Fuel cell must rely under the operating conditions such as normal operation, cold operation and cold-starting external power supply carry out high temperature exothermic and
The problems such as low-temperature heat, reaches the purpose of thermal energy that operation of fuel cells is related to effectively is stored and managed, to avoid
Energy waste improves fuel cell system functional reliability, greatly reduces the cost of fuel cell system investment, makes to fire
Expect that battery is suitable for more applications.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the invention discloses a kind of fuel cell system, which includes fuel cell, follows
Ring liquid case, pump, the first reversal valve, accumulation of energy heating device, the second reversal valve and controller, the fuel cell, the circulation fluid
Case, the pump, first reversal valve, the accumulation of energy heating device, second reversal valve form first by piping connection
Fluid path is recycled, the fuel cell, the circulation liquid case, the pump, first reversal valve, second reversal valve pass through pipe
Road connects to form second circulation fluid path；The first temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline before the first commutation valve inlet, described the
One temperature sensor, first reversal valve, second reversal valve are communicated to connect with the controller, and the controller is used
First reversal valve and second reversal valve are controlled in the temperature information detected according to first temperature sensor, thus
Enable the first circulation fluid path work or second circulation fluid path work；Wherein, the circulation liquid case is provided with electrolyte.
Based on above-mentioned technical solution, present invention innovation provides a kind of fuel cell system with Two-way Cycle fluid path,
The fluid path of real-time working condition can be met according to the real time temperature selection of the electrolyte flowed out from circulation liquid case, to realize to electricity
Solution liquid is heated up or is cooled down, and then fuel cell is made to work in optimum temperature operating mode always；The present invention effectively avoids
Dependence to external power supply, has outstanding advantages of highly reliable, at low cost.
Further, which further includes battery；The battery is electrically connected with the accumulation of energy heating device, for for
Adding thermal resistance in accumulation of energy heating device is powered, and is provided with second temperature sensor on the accumulation of energy heating device；The electric power storage
Pond is electrically connected, for powering for pump with the pump, is provided with first switch in the connection line of the battery and the pump, institute
It states and is provided with second switch in the connection line of battery and the accumulation of energy heating device；The first switch, described second open
It closes and the second temperature sensor is communicated to connect with the controller, the controller is also used to when system starts work
It controls the first switch closure, control the first switch disconnection in system stalls, the controller is used for basis
The temperature information of second temperature sensor detection controls the second switch.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention be not only not required to rely on external power supply, can be realized it is more to electrolyte
The storage of excess heat, additionally it is possible to which realization rises electrolyte by multiple heating modes in cold operation or cold-starting
Temperature further improves reliability of the invention, reduces costs.
Further, the battery is electrically connected, for powering for the controller with the controller, the fuel electricity
Pond connect with the battery, charges for the battery.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention can successfully realize the energy between fuel cell and battery
Mutually transfer, solve the problems such as daily artificial charge maintenance of battery, further reduced fuel cell system maintenance at
This, keeps application of the invention more extensive.
Further, the fuel cell, the circulation liquid case, the pump, first reversal valve, institute set gradually
State accumulation of energy heating device, second reversal valve is connected by circulation to form first circulation fluid path by pipeline, what is set gradually is described
Fuel cell, the circulation liquid case, the pump, first reversal valve, second reversal valve are connected by circulation shape by pipeline
At second circulation fluid path；It is provided with dynamic valve on pipeline between the circulation liquid case and the pump, in the pump and described the
It is provided with first flowmeter on pipeline between one reversal valve, the pipeline between second reversal valve and the fuel cell
On be provided with second flowmeter, the fuel cell and it is described circulation liquid case between pipeline on be provided with third flowmeter,
Filter is provided on pipeline between first reversal valve and the accumulation of energy heating device.
It based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, is designed by the distribution to above-mentioned all parts, the present invention can not only have
Effect detects each piping flow situation, realizes the accurate grasp to operation of fuel cell system situation, and in fuel cell system
After a period of work, the electrolyte outflow in circulation liquid case, present invention maintenance can be avoided by way of closing dynamic valve
Get up more convenient, additionally it is possible to be possible to the solid impurity occurred in effective filter pipeline, the present invention is made to run more stable, reliability
More preferably.
Further, the accumulation of energy heating device includes core, and the core includes heat exchanger tube, phase-changing energy-storing device and heating
Resistance, the heat exchanger tube are series in first circulation fluid path, and the heat exchanger tube passes through the tubular phase-changing energy-storing device, described
Phase-changing energy-storing device is fixed on the outer surface of heat exchanger tube, and phase-change material, the heat exchanger tube week are filled with inside the phase-changing energy-storing device
It encloses and is wound with adding thermal resistance.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention innovatively provides a kind of integrated accumulation of energy heating structure, can
It realizes and storage is carried out and in cold-starting or cold operation by a variety of heating to the heat that operation of fuel cells generates
Mode makes fuel cell work in optimum temperature operating mode always.
Further, the transformation temperature of phase-change material is in fuel cell optimum working temperature section.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, by the selection of the phase-change material to best transformation temperature, the present invention can lead to
It crosses accumulation of energy heating device and realizes heating under the collection to the waste heat of circulation fluid and low temperature environment automatically to circulation fluid, have
Outstanding advantages of excellent heat absorption and exothermal effect.
Further, the heat exchanger tube includes multiple capillaries；One end of multiple capillaries, which is sealed with upper even liquid disc, to be connected
It connects, there is the splitter cavity being connected to each capillary inlet inside upper even liquid disc, be provided on the upper even liquid disc for being electrolysed liquid stream
Enter the diffluence pass of splitter cavity；The other end of multiple capillaries is tightly connected with lower even liquid disc, have inside lower even liquid disc with it is each
The confluence chamber of capillary outlet connection is provided with the manifold port that confluence chamber is flowed out for electrolyte on the lower even liquid disc.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention provides a kind of follow-on heat exchanger tube, by bundle of capillary tubes and
Electrolyte is allocated in each capillary by the design of even liquid disc structure, the present invention, increases the contact area of electrolyte and heat exchanger tube,
Heat transfer effect is significantly enhanced, makes the present invention that there is better heat transfer effect, in the case where guaranteeing identical heat transfer effect, with
The prior art is compared, and heat exchanger tube length of the invention is smaller.
Further, the accumulation of energy heating device further includes lagging casing, and the core is set in the lagging casing；
The lagging casing includes keeping the temperature frame, thermal insulation auto-door and the driving device for driving thermal insulation auto-door closure or openness,
The thermal insulation auto-door is articulated on heat preservation frame, and the heat preservation frame and multiple thermal insulation auto-doors are formed for accommodating
The confined space of core is stated, the controller and driving device communication connection work for controlling the driving device.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention is capable of the real-time working condition control heat preservation of fuel cell system certainly
Dynamic door open or close and number and angle when thermal insulation auto-door is opened, thus realize it is accurate, steadily control accumulation of energy
The gentle heat preservation of the water of radiation of heating device is horizontal.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the invention also discloses a kind of thermal management algorithm of above-mentioned fuel cell system,
The thermal management algorithm includes the following steps；
It step 1, will by the first temperature sensor when electrolyte is flowed along first circulation fluid path or second circulation fluid path
The temperature information of detection is transmitted to controller, to obtain the real time temperature of electrolyte；
Step 2, judge the real time temperature of electrolyte whether in optimum temperature range using controller: if it is, holding
Row step 3；If not, thening follow the steps 4；Wherein, the upper limit of optimum temperature range is first threshold, under optimum temperature range
It is limited to second threshold；
Step 3, the first reversal valve and the second reversal valve are controlled by the controller, to enable the second circulation fluid path
It works, then return step 1；
Step 4, the first reversal valve and the second reversal valve are controlled by the controller, to enable the first circulation fluid path
Work；
Step 5, if the real time temperature is higher than the first threshold, the accumulation of energy heating device absorption cycle is utilized
Liquid heat, then return step 1；If the real time temperature is lower than the second threshold, the accumulation of energy heating device is utilized
Heat cycles liquid, then return step 1.
Based on above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention can be selected according to the real time temperature of the electrolyte flowed out from circulation liquid case
The fluid path for meeting real-time working condition is selected, so that realization is heated to electrolyte or control of absorbing heat, and then makes fuel cell always
Work in optimum temperature operating mode；Thermal management algorithm provided by the present invention can adapt to have in different working environments
It is highly reliable, at low cost, avoid outstanding advantages of energy waste.
Further, step 5 includes the following steps；
Step 5a, when the real time temperature is higher than the first threshold, using accumulation of energy heating device by the heat of absorption
It is stored, then return step 1；
Step 5b discharges the stored heat of accumulation of energy heating device when the real time temperature is lower than the second threshold,
Heat cycles liquid, then return step 1.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the heat that the present invention distributes when can operate normally fuel cell is stored
Come, in fuel cell cold-starting or cold operation, the heat of storage can be discharged, to realize without outside
Heat and achieve the purpose that heat cycles liquid.
Further, step 5 further includes following steps；
It is auxiliary including the use of the adding thermal resistance in accumulation of energy heating device when using the accumulation of energy heating devices heat circulation fluid
The step of helping heat cycles liquid.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention can be under cold operation operating condition or cold-starting operating condition rapidly
Ground makes fuel cell system be in optimum temperature operating mode, and the heat energy source of adding thermal resistance is in fuel cell, so this hair
It is bright dexterously to overcome additional the problem of increasing power supply.
Further, in step 5a, the temperature information that second temperature sensor will test is transmitted to controller, to obtain
The real time temperature of phase-change material；The controller is used for closing for the real time temperature control thermal insulation auto-door according to the phase-change material
It closes or opens, and number and angle for controlling its unlatching when thermal insulation auto-door is opened.
Based on above-mentioned improved technical solution, the present invention is capable of the real-time working condition control heat preservation of fuel cell system certainly
Dynamic door open or close and number and angle when thermal insulation auto-door is opened, thus realize it is accurate, steadily control accumulation of energy
The gentle heat preservation of the water of radiation of heating device is horizontal.
The invention has the benefit that
Structure design based on Two-way Cycle fluid path, the present invention efficiently solve the operation heat dissipation of fuel cell system, low temperature
Operation and cold-starting problem, thus overcome energy waste existing for existing fuel cell system is serious, reliability is poor,
The problems such as at high cost；Therefore, compared with prior art, the present invention is with highly reliable, energy utilization rate is high, at low cost, practical
Preferable operability, outstanding advantages of having a wide range of application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that the fuel cell system of heat management is carried out using Transformation Principle.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell system in hot operation mode.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell system in low-temperature working mode.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell system in optimum temperature operating mode.
Fig. 5 is the side structure schematic view of the core in accumulation of energy heating device.
Fig. 6 is the overlooking structure diagram of the core in accumulation of energy heating device.
Fig. 7 is the present invention looks up structural representation of the core in accumulation of energy heating device.
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the accumulation of energy heating device in thermal insulation auto-door open state.
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the accumulation of energy heating device in thermal insulation auto-door closed state.
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram for keeping the temperature frame.
Figure 11 is the flow diagram of the thermal management algorithm of fuel cell system.
In figure,
1, fuel cell；2, liquid case is recycled；3, it pumps；4, the first reversal valve；5, accumulation of energy heating device；6, the second reversal valve；
7, controller；8, the first temperature sensor；9, battery；10, second temperature sensor；11, first switch；12, second switch；
13, dynamic valve；14, first flowmeter；15, second flowmeter；16, third flowmeter；17, filter；18, heat exchanger tube；19, phase
Become accumulator；20, adding thermal resistance；21, upper even liquid disc；22, diffluence pass；23, lower even liquid disc；24, manifold port；25, frame is kept the temperature；
26, thermal insulation auto-door.
Specific embodiment
A kind of fuel cell system of the present invention and its thermal management algorithm are carried out with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification detailed
Thin explanation and illustration.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Fig. 1 to 10, present embodiment discloses a kind of fuel cell system, which includes fuel electricity
Pond 1 recycles liquid case 2, pumps the 3, first reversal valve 4, accumulation of energy heating device 5, the second reversal valve 6 and controller 7, involved in the present invention
" fuel cell " can be for hydrogen-air fuel cell, metal fuel battery, solid fuel cell etc., circulation liquid case 2 is for storing
With management cycle liquid, for being added, being adapted to and clearing up to circulation fluid, accumulation of energy heating device 5 refer to accumulation of energy and
The heat-radiating integrated device of heating for heating dual function is used in Electolyte-absorptive extra heat and for heating heat
Insufficient electrolyte, specific structure are as shown in Figure 8,9.
As shown in Figure 1, fuel cell 1, circulation liquid case 2, the 3, first reversal valve 4 of pump, accumulation of energy heating device 5, second are changed
First circulation fluid path is formed by piping connection to valve 6, fuel cell 1, circulation liquid case 2, the 3, first reversal valve 4 of pump, second are changed
Second circulation fluid path is formed by piping connection to valve 6, the entire fuel cell system of the present embodiment passes through accumulation of energy heating device 5
Heat exchange is carried out with the external world, remaining components is wrapped up with heat insulation foam, remaining components and extraneous progress heat exchange are prevented；
The present invention is provided with the first temperature sensor 8 on the pipeline before 4 entrance of the first reversal valve, and the first temperature sensor 8, first are changed
It is communicated to connect to valve 4, the second reversal valve 6 with controller 7, controller 7 is used for the temperature detected according to the first temperature sensor 8
Information controls the first reversal valve 4 and the second reversal valve 6, to enable first circulation fluid path work or the work of second circulation fluid path；Wherein,
Circulation liquid case 2 is provided with electrolyte, and the electrolyte in the present invention is circulation fluid.
In the present embodiment, (it is illustrated as adding thermal resistance heating method or adding thermal resistance combination accumulation of energy heating device as shown in Figure 3
Heating method), which further includes battery 9, and battery 9 is electrically connected, for being accumulation of energy heating device with accumulation of energy heating device 5
Adding thermal resistance 20 in 5 is powered, for the practical implementation under extreme low temperature condition and current technical status, Jin Ertong
Cross the heating of adding thermal resistance 20.Second temperature sensor 10 is provided on accumulation of energy heating device 5, battery 9 is electrically connected with pump 3, uses
It powers in for pump 3, battery 9 can provide startup power supply, battery 9 and controller at a lower temperature for fuel cell system
7 electrical connections are used to power for controller 7, and fuel cell 1 connect with battery 9, charges for battery 9, to improve fuel
The maintenance-free feature of battery system, so, the present invention does not need additionally to increase power supply, and entire fuel can be realized by battery 9
Required electric energy in battery system operational process；Be provided with first switch 11 in the connection line of battery 9 and pump 3, battery 9 with
Second switch 12 is provided in the connection line of accumulation of energy heating device 5；As the technical solution of optimization, first switch 11, second
Switch 12 and second temperature sensor 10 are communicated to connect with controller 7；Controller 7 is also used to the control when system starts work
First switch 11 is closed, and to realize the starting of pump 3, is controlled first switch 11 in system stalls and is disconnected, to realize pump 3
It closes, and then realizes starting or stoping for entire fuel cell system, controller 7 is used to be detected according to second temperature sensor 10
Temperature information (10 parameter of second temperature sensor) control second switch 12, thus realize under certain condition (accumulation of energy heating
Device 5 store energy be not enough under the conditions of heat cycles liquid etc.) battery to resistance wire power, make resistance wire heat release, wherein
The control strategy of controller can realize that, to complete the control to equipment such as switch, reversal valves, the present invention can lead to by setting program
The stored energy capacitance for increasing phase-changing energy-storing device using new phase-change material is crossed, to realize without adding thermal resistance, only there is phase-changing energy-storing
The accumulation of energy heating device of device.
As shown in Figs 1-4, the dotted line that the solid line in figure indicates that the pipeline for electrolyte circulation, short-term are formed indicates power supply
Line, put formation dotted line indicate control detection line, the fuel cell 1 set gradually, circulation liquid case 2, pump the 3, first reversal valve 4,
Accumulation of energy heating device 5, the second reversal valve 6 are connected by circulation to form first circulation fluid path by pipeline, the fuel cell set gradually
1, liquid case 2, the 3, first reversal valve 4 of pump, the second reversal valve 6 is recycled to be connected by circulation to form second circulation fluid path by pipeline；And it follows
It is provided with dynamic valve 13 on pipeline between ring liquid case 2 and pump 3, the is provided on the pipeline of pump 3 and first between reversal valve 4
Flow meters 14 are provided with second flowmeter 15 on the pipeline between the second reversal valve 6 and fuel cell 1, in fuel cell 1
It is provided with third flowmeter 16 on pipeline between circulation liquid case 2, between the first reversal valve 4 and accumulation of energy heating device 5
It is provided with filter 17 on pipeline, filter 17 is for filtering solid impurity that may be present in fluid path, in the present embodiment, filtering
Device bottom is equipped with cleaning device, can be cleaned or be replaced as needed filter core to filter.
As illustrated in figs. 5-7, accumulation of energy heating device 5 (heating heat-radiating integrated device) is fuel cell system of the present invention
Core comprising core, core is the core component for being heated or being radiated to circulation fluid, to make fuel cell
It always works under optimum temperature working condition, core includes heat exchanger tube 18, phase-changing energy-storing device 19 and adding thermal resistance 20, this implementation
Adding thermal resistance 20 in example is wound on 18 lateral wall of heat exchanger tube, and heat exchanger tube 18 is series in first circulation fluid path, heat exchanger tube 18
Across tubular phase-changing energy-storing device 19, phase-changing energy-storing device 19 is fixed on the outer surface of heat exchanger tube 18, inside phase-changing energy-storing device 19
Filled with phase-change material, adding thermal resistance 20 is wound with around heat exchanger tube 18.Heating process passes through phase-changing energy-storing device 19 and/or heating
Resistance 20 realizes that both heating methods can work independently, also be simultaneously operable, and phase-changing energy-storing device 19 utilizes the three-phase of itself
(such as liquid-solid phase) converts heat release to achieve the purpose that heat cycles liquid, and adding thermal resistance 20 (resistance wire) heating utilizes starting storage battery
(i.e. battery 9) is realized；Radiation processes convert heat absorption by phase-change material three-phase (such as solid liquid phase) to reach absorption cycle liquid heat
The purpose of amount.
Phase-change material uses paraffin or other substances with phase-change characteristic, and the transformation temperature of phase-change material is in fuel electricity
In the optimum working temperature section of pond, the transformation temperature in the present embodiment is the interim temperature value in optimum working temperature section.
More specifically, heat exchanger tube 18 includes multiple capillaries；One end of multiple capillaries is sealed with upper even liquid disc 21
It connects, there is the splitter cavity being connected to each capillary inlet inside upper even liquid disc 21, be provided on upper even liquid disc 21 for electrolyte
Flow into the diffluence pass 22 of splitter cavity；The other end of multiple capillaries is tightly connected with lower even liquid disc 23, and in lower even liquid disc 23
Portion has the confluence chamber being connected to each capillary outlet, and the manifold port that confluence chamber is flowed out for electrolyte is provided on lower even liquid disc 23
24；External fluid path is flowed into from the diffluence pass 22 of upper even liquid disc 21, lower even liquid disc 23 is flowed into using each capillary, under
The manifold port 24 of even liquid disc 23 flows out core.In the present embodiment, shower knot is can be used in upper even liquid disc 21 and/or lower even liquid disc 23
Structure is respectively correspondingly shunted for carrying out and is flowed, to realize better heat transfer effect；Wherein, straight tube cloth can be used in capillary
Set or spirally arrange or rolled form arrangement, adding thermal resistance 20 and phase-changing energy-storing device 19 are successively set along capillary extending direction
It sets.
As shown in Figure 8,9, 10, accumulation of energy heating device 5 further includes lagging casing, and core is set in lagging casing, at this
In embodiment, second temperature sensor 10 is set between core and lagging casing；Lagging casing includes heat preservation frame 25, heat preservation
Automatically-controlled door 26 and for drive 26 closure or openness of thermal insulation auto-door driving device (it is attached to be not shown in the figure, can be according to actual field
Conjunction is selected, and the present invention repeats no more), heat preservation frame 25 includes top panel, vertical beam and bottom panel, is provided with and divides on top panel
The upper through-hole of head piece connection, is provided with the lower through-hole being connected to manifold port on bottom panel, thermal insulation auto-door 26 is once from outside to inside
Skin plating, skeleton foaming structure and interior wrapper sheet, skin plating and interior wrapper sheet are all made of thermal coefficient low metal material or nonmetallic
Material, skeleton play a supportive role, and fill insulating foam in skeleton gap to form skeleton foaming structure, thermal insulation auto-door 26 is cut with scissors
It is connected on heat preservation frame 25, heat preservation frame 25 and multiple thermal insulation auto-doors 26 form the confined space for accommodating core, control
Device 7 and driving device communication connection work for controlling driving device.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment discloses the thermal management algorithms of the fuel cell system in embodiment one, as shown in Figure 11, Fig. 1-4,
The thermal management algorithm includes the following steps.
Step 1, when electrolyte is flowed along first circulation fluid path or second circulation fluid path, pass through the first temperature sensor 8
The temperature information that will test is transmitted to controller 7, to obtain the real time temperature of electrolyte.
Step 2, judge the real time temperature of electrolyte whether at optimum temperature range (Tmin~Tmax) using controller 7
Interior: if so, i.e. Tmin≤T≤Tmax, fuel cell system is under optimum working mode, thens follow the steps 3；If not,
Then follow the steps 4.
Wherein, the upper limit of optimum temperature range is first threshold, and the lower limit of optimum temperature range is second threshold.
Step 3, optimum temperature operating mode: as shown in figure 4, battery is controller and pump power supply, circulation fluid is in pump
System pipeline element is flowed through under effect, the first reversal valve 4 and the second reversal valve 6 are controlled by controller 7, that is, closes the first commutation
The A mouth of valve 4 and A mouth, the B mouth of the first reversal valve 4 of conducting and the B mouth of the second reversal valve 6 of the second reversal valve 6, to enable second
Fluid path work is recycled, so that circulation fluid is flowed directly into fuel cell 1, then return step 1.
Step 4, the first reversal valve 4 and the second reversal valve 6 are controlled by controller 7, to enable first circulation fluid path work.
Including hot operation mode and/or low-temperature working mode step 5,.
Hot operation mode: as shown in Fig. 2, if real time temperature is higher than first threshold, i.e. T > Tmax, conducting first is changed
To the A mouth of valve 4 and A mouth, the B mouth of the first reversal valve 4 of closing and the B mouth of the second reversal valve 6 of the second reversal valve 6, then storage is utilized
Can 5 absorption cycle liquid heat of heating device, then return step 1.More specifically, under hot operation mode, controller 7 is logical
The parameter for crossing detection second temperature sensor 10 calculates the heat put aside in phase-changing energy-storing device 19, when phase-changing energy-storing device 19
Needed for the heat of savings is not up to heat cycles liquid when maximum heat magnitude, all thermal insulation auto-doors 26 are closed, make accumulation of energy heating dress
5 are set in energy accumulating state, when the maximum heat magnitude needed for the heat that phase-changing energy-storing device 19 is put aside reaches heat cycles liquid, opened extremely
A few thermal insulation auto-door reaches thermally equilibrated purpose be dispersed into heat extra in fluid path in atmosphere.
Low-temperature working mode: as shown in figure 3, if real time temperature is lower than second threshold, i.e. T < Tmin, conducting first is changed
To the A mouth of valve 4 and A mouth, the B mouth of the first reversal valve 4 of closing and the B mouth of the second reversal valve 6 of the second reversal valve 6, then storage is utilized
Energy 5 heat cycles liquid of heating device, the circulation fluid after heating flow into fuel cell again, fuel cell are made to be in optimum temperature work again
Under operation mode, then return step 1.More specifically, controller 7 passes through detection second temperature sensing under low-temperature working mode
The heat that the parameter of device 10 puts aside phase-changing energy-storing device 19 calculates, when the heat that phase-changing energy-storing device 19 is put aside meets circulation fluid
Demand for heat when, so that second switch 12 is remained off or disconnect the second switch 12 being closed, then adding thermal resistance 20
It does not work, heat, only heated at this time by phase-changing energy-storing device, accumulation of energy heating device 5 is in phase-changing energy-storing device and works independently mould
Formula；When demand for heat of the shortage of heat to meet circulation fluid that phase-changing energy-storing device 19 is put aside, then pass through phase-changing energy-storing device at this time
It is heated jointly with adding thermal resistance, accumulation of energy heating device 5 is in phase-changing energy-storing device and adding thermal resistance Hybrid Heating mode；When phase transformation stores
When the energy that energy device 19 is put aside is zero, only heated by resistance wire, accumulation of energy heating device 5 works independently in adding thermal resistance
Mode；As shown in figure 3, working independently under mode in phase-changing energy-storing device and adding thermal resistance Hybrid Heating mode, adding thermal resistance, control
Device controls second switch closure, is adding thermal resistance power supply by battery.
In the present embodiment, step 5 includes the following steps.
Step 5a is deposited the heat of absorption using accumulation of energy heating device 5 when real time temperature is higher than first threshold
It stores up, then return step 1；In the step, the temperature information that second temperature sensor 10 will test is transmitted to controller 7, thus
Obtain the real time temperature of phase-change material；Controller 7 is used for closing for the real time temperature control thermal insulation auto-door 26 according to phase-change material
It closes or opens and for controlling the number and angle opened when thermal insulation auto-door 26 is opened.Step 5b is lower than in real time temperature
When second threshold, the stored heat of accumulation of energy heating device 5, heat cycles liquid are discharged, then return step 1, the present invention are preferential
The circulation fluid in fuel cell system is heated using phase-changing energy-storing device 19, it is special when 19 energy storage of phase-changing energy-storing device is inadequate
It is not that when carrying out system starting under low temperature condition, auxiliary heating is carried out to circulation fluid by adding thermal resistance 20.As shown in figure 11,
First threshold of the Tmax as the upper limit of optimum temperature range, second threshold of the Tmin as the lower limit of optimum temperature range.
As the technical solution of optimization, step 5 further includes following steps；Utilizing 5 heat cycles liquid of accumulation of energy heating device
When, the present embodiment further includes the steps that assisting heat cycles liquid using the adding thermal resistance 20 in accumulation of energy heating device 5.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ",
" thickness ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside", " up time
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as needle ", " counterclockwise ", " axial direction ", " radial direction ", " circumferential direction " be orientation based on the figure or
Positional relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must
There must be specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；It can be mechanical connect
It connects, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be in two elements indirectly connected through an intermediary
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements, unless otherwise restricted clearly.For those of ordinary skill in the art
For, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific conditions.
In the description of this specification, reference term " the present embodiment ", " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " show
The description of example ", " specific example " or " some examples " etc. mean specific features described in conjunction with this embodiment or example, structure,
Material or feature are included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, above-mentioned term is shown
The statement of meaning property is necessarily directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the spy of description
Point may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other,
Those skilled in the art can be by different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
Feature is combined.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include at least one this feature.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is at least two, such as two, three
It is a etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modification, equivalent replacement and simple modifications etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention in content.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fuel cell system, it is characterised in that: the system includes fuel cell (1), circulation liquid case (2), pump (3), the
One reversal valve (4), accumulation of energy heating device (5), the second reversal valve (6) and controller (7), the fuel cell (1), the circulation
Liquid case (2), the pump (3), first reversal valve (4), the accumulation of energy heating device (5), second reversal valve (6) pass through
Piping connection forms first circulation fluid path, and the fuel cell (1), the circulation liquid case (2), the pump (3), described first are changed
Second circulation fluid path is formed by piping connection to valve (4), second reversal valve (6)；Before the first reversal valve (4) entrance
It is provided on pipeline the first temperature sensor (8), first temperature sensor (8), first reversal valve (4), described
Two reversal valves (6) are communicated to connect with the controller (7), and the controller (7) is used for according to first temperature sensor
(8) temperature information detected controls first reversal valve (4) and second reversal valve (6), to enable the first circulation
Fluid path work or second circulation fluid path work；Wherein, the circulation liquid case (2) is provided with electrolyte.
2. fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the system further includes battery (9)；The storage
Battery (9) is electrically connected, for powering for the adding thermal resistance (20) in accumulation of energy heating device (5) with the accumulation of energy heating device (5),
Second temperature sensor (10) are provided on the accumulation of energy heating device (5)；The battery (9) is electrically connected with the pump (3),
For powering for pump (3), first switch (11), the storage are provided in the connection line of the battery (9) and the pump (3)
Second switch (12) are provided in the connection line of battery (9) and the accumulation of energy heating device (5)；The first switch (11),
The second switch (12) and the second temperature sensor (10) are communicated to connect with the controller (7), the controller
(7) be also used to control the first switch (11) closure when system starts work, in system stalls when control described the
One switch (11) disconnects, and the controller (7) is used for according to the temperature information control that second temperature sensor (10) are detected
Second switch (12).
3. fuel cell system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the battery (9) and the controller (7)
Electrical connection is used to power for the controller (7), and the fuel cell (1) connect with the battery (9), is the electric power storage
Pond (9) charging.
4. fuel cell system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fuel cell (1) that sets gradually, institute
State circulation liquid case (2), the pump (3), first reversal valve (4), the accumulation of energy heating device (5), second reversal valve
(6) it is connected by circulation to form first circulation fluid path by pipeline, the fuel cell (1) that sets gradually, the circulation liquid case
(2), the pump (3), first reversal valve (4), second reversal valve (6) are connected by circulation to form second circulation by pipeline
Fluid path；It is described circulation liquid case (2) and it is described pump (3) between pipeline on be provided with dynamic valve (13), the pump (3) with it is described
First flowmeter (14) are provided on pipeline between first reversal valve (4), in second reversal valve (6) and fuel electricity
Second flowmeter (15) are provided on pipeline between pond (1), between the fuel cell (1) and the circulation liquid case (2)
Pipeline on be provided with third flowmeter (16), the pipe between first reversal valve (4) and the accumulation of energy heating device (5)
Road is provided with filter (17).
5. fuel cell system described in any claim in -4 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the accumulation of energy heating
Device (5) includes core, and the core includes heat exchanger tube (18), phase-changing energy-storing device (19) and adding thermal resistance (20), the heat exchange
Pipe (18) is series in first circulation fluid path, and the heat exchanger tube (18) passes through the tubular phase-changing energy-storing device (19), described
Phase-changing energy-storing device (19) is fixed on the outer surface of heat exchanger tube (18), is filled with phase-change material inside the phase-changing energy-storing device (19),
Adding thermal resistance (20) are wound with around the heat exchanger tube (18).
6. fuel cell system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the heat exchanger tube (18) includes multiple capillarys
Pipe；One end of multiple capillaries is tightly connected with upper even liquid disc (21), has to enter with each capillary inside upper even liquid disc (21)
The splitter cavity of mouthful connection, the diffluence pass (22) that splitter cavity is flowed into for electrolyte is provided on the upper even liquid disc (21)；Multiple hairs
The other end of tubule is tightly connected with lower even liquid disc (23), is had inside lower even liquid disc (23) and to be connected to each capillary outlet
Converge chamber, and the manifold port (24) that confluence chamber is flowed out for electrolyte is provided on the lower even liquid disc (23).
7. fuel cell system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the accumulation of energy heating device (5) further includes protecting
Warm shell, the core are set in the lagging casing；The lagging casing includes heat preservation frame (25), thermal insulation auto-door
(26) and the driving device for driving thermal insulation auto-door (26) closure or openness, the thermal insulation auto-door (26) are articulated with heat preservation
On frame (25), the heat preservation frame (25) is formed with multiple thermal insulation auto-doors (26) for accommodating the closed of the core
Space, the controller (7) and driving device communication connection work for controlling the driving device.
8. the thermal management algorithm of fuel cell system described in any claim in a kind of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that:
The thermal management algorithm includes the following steps；
Step 1, it when electrolyte is flowed along first circulation fluid path or second circulation fluid path, will test by the first temperature sensor
Temperature information be transmitted to controller, to obtain the real time temperature of electrolyte；
Step 2, judge the real time temperature of electrolyte whether in optimum temperature range using controller: if it is, executing step
Rapid 3；If not, thening follow the steps 4；Wherein, the upper limit of optimum temperature range is first threshold, and the lower limit of optimum temperature range is
Second threshold；
Step 3, the first reversal valve and the second reversal valve are controlled by the controller, to enable the second circulation fluid path work
Make, then return step 1；
Step 4, the first reversal valve and the second reversal valve are controlled by the controller, to enable the first circulation fluid path work
Make；
Step 5, if the real time temperature is higher than the first threshold, the accumulation of energy heating device absorption cycle liquid heat is utilized
It measures, then return step 1；If the real time temperature is lower than the second threshold, the accumulation of energy heating devices heat is utilized
Circulation fluid, then return step 1.
9. the thermal management algorithm of fuel cell system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: step 5 includes following step
Suddenly；
Step 5a is carried out the heat of absorption using accumulation of energy heating device when the real time temperature is higher than the first threshold
It stores, then return step 1；
Step 5b discharges the stored heat of accumulation of energy heating device, heating when the real time temperature is lower than the second threshold
Circulation fluid, then return step 1.
10. the thermal management algorithm of fuel cell system according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that: step 5 further includes
Following steps；
When using the accumulation of energy heating devices heat circulation fluid, add including the use of the adding thermal resistance auxiliary in accumulation of energy heating device
The step of hot circulating solution.
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| CN201811621456.4A CN109728330B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Fuel cell system and thermal management method thereof |
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| CN201811621456.4A CN109728330B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Fuel cell system and thermal management method thereof |
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| CN110165245A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-23 | 郑州佛光发电设备有限公司 | Fuel cell thermal management method and system based on semiconductor material and phase-change material |
| CN110417300A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-05 | 四川荣创新能动力***有限公司 | Tramcar afterheat generating system, fuel cell tramcar and working method |
| CN110513879A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-29 | 南京林业大学 | Temperature control equipment, method and system |
| CN112531184A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-03-19 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Thermal management apparatus for fuel cell, control method, and storage medium |
| CN113346104A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-03 | 郑州佛光发电设备有限公司 | Metal fuel cell low-temperature heating structure |
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| CN109728330B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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Address after: 450001 No.50 Dongqing street, high tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: Zhengzhou Foguang power generation equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450001 No.50 Dongqing street, high tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU FOGUANG POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. |