CN109713954B - Starting method of unidirectional brushless motor - Google Patents
Starting method of unidirectional brushless motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109713954B CN109713954B CN201910056176.1A CN201910056176A CN109713954B CN 109713954 B CN109713954 B CN 109713954B CN 201910056176 A CN201910056176 A CN 201910056176A CN 109713954 B CN109713954 B CN 109713954B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a starting method of a unidirectional brushless motor, which comprises the steps that a Hall sensor detects the polarity around a rotor, a main controller supplies power to a stator winding according to the polarity around the rotor to generate a rotating magnetic field, a pre-driven rotor rapidly rotates by a set electrical angle, a current detection module measures the current in the stator winding, if the current exceeds the set value, a short-circuit protection module is started, meanwhile, the power supply polarity of the stator winding is changed, and the changed stator magnetic field drives the rotor to rotate by a certain electrical angle, so that the rotor rotates towards the set direction to finish the starting process; if the current in the stator winding is not greater than a set value, the main controller regularly detects the output signal of the Hall sensor, if the Hall signal is changed, the stator power supply direction is not changed, the starting process is completed after a period of operation, and if the Hall signal is not changed, the stator power supply direction is regularly changed, and the starting process is completed after a period of operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of starting of motors, in particular to a starting method of a unidirectional brushless motor.
Background
The brushless motor can be divided into a unidirectional motor and a bidirectional motor due to the limitation of mechanical structural members, the unidirectional motor can only rotate in one direction, and when the motor is driven to rotate in the opposite direction, the rotor shaft is clamped due to the limitation of the structural members, so that the motor can be burnt. In general, a mode of starting a motor rotor rotates is to firstly judge the polarity around the rotor, determine the rotation direction of a required stator to generate a rotating magnetic field in combination with the required rotation direction of the rotor, generate a magnetic field after the stator is electrified, and drive a motor stator winding coil by a main controller through sending different time sequence control signals, so that the rotating magnetic field generated by a stator winding can be caused to drive the rotor to rotate.
The rotor is generally composed of permanent magnets, the rotation of which causes the polarity around the rotor to change continuously, and hall sensors are placed in a fixed area near the stator to detect the change in polarity around the rotor. When the hall sensor detects that the rotor is in a certain polarity, then a certain polarity power supply is provided for the stator winding, a deterministic stator magnetic pole is generated, the motor rotates towards a certain preset direction, however, because the rotor is in a transition zone, if the rotor is in the other polarity due to shaking or mechanical tolerance just after the power supply is provided, the power supply direction of the stator winding is opposite, the generated rotating magnetic field causes the rotor to rotate towards the opposite direction (opposite to the set direction), so that the motor is abnormal, cannot be started, and is even easy to burn out.
In the prior art, a time threshold or a physical quantity (exciting current or exciting voltage) threshold is first set; secondly, the motor is started in a trial mode, the winding is excited according to a specific time sequence, whether the position of the sensor is changed or not is judged through the time interval of changing adjacent 2 sensor signals and the size of a set threshold value, whether the sampling value exceeds the set physical quantity threshold value or not is judged, whether the motor is started successfully or not is judged, if the running time or the sampling value exceeds the set time threshold value or the physical quantity threshold value in the trial mode during the motor starting, excitation is stopped, the excitation time sequence is changed again, the rotor is driven reversely, the judgment is carried out again in the same way, and finally whether the rotor fails or is started successfully is judged. However, the selection of the time threshold or the physical quantity threshold is a difficult point, a large number of prototype experiments are required according to the specific motor operating environment, so that the effective time threshold or the physical quantity threshold can be obtained, meanwhile, no related protection measures exist in the experimental process, the prototype is easy to burn out, and if the method is popularized and applied, the protection measures are required to be enhanced.
The invention adds a short-circuit protection module, and sets an excitation current threshold value by sampling the excitation current value; and when the sampling value exceeds the threshold value, the short-circuit protection module starts the protection function. The invention has the short-circuit protection function, can easily set the current threshold according to the protection requirement, is automatically protected, has high practicality and operability, can reduce the burning condition of devices as much as possible, and has high reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a starting method of a unidirectional brushless motor, which can safely and rapidly start the motor when the polarity around a rotor cannot be judged in a polarity state when the rotor is in a polarity-changing critical state.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the starting method of the unidirectional brushless motor adopts a motor starting circuit to complete the starting process, wherein the motor starting circuit comprises a power supply, a Hall sensor, a main controller, a unidirectional brushless motor, a current detection module, a short-circuit protection module and an inverter, the brushless motor comprises a rotor and stator windings, the main controller detects output signals of the Hall sensor, judges the polarity around the rotor, determines the power supply direction of the stator windings according to the polarity around the rotor, controls the power supply to supply power to the stator windings, the power supplied stator windings generate a magnetic field, pre-drives the rotor to rapidly rotate by a set electrical angle, the current detection module measures the current in the stator windings, and starts the short-circuit protection module if the current exceeds the set value, meanwhile, changes the power supply polarity of the stator windings, and the changed stator magnetic field drives the rotor to rotate by a certain electrical angle so that the rotor rotates towards the set direction to complete the starting process; if the current in the stator winding is measured by the current detection module and does not exceed a set value, the output signal of the Hall sensor is detected by the main controller at regular time, if the Hall signal is changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is not changed, the starting process is completed after a period of operation, if the Hall signal is not changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is changed at regular time, and the starting process is completed after a period of operation.
According to another scheme, after starting, the power supply polarity of the stator winding is sequentially switched according to the detection signal of the Hall sensor, so that the rotor continuously rotates and enters a normal working mode.
Another aspect of the present invention is that, on the basis of the above aspect, the rotor is composed of four polar regions.
Another aspect of the present invention is based on the above aspect, wherein the stator winding includes a first stator winding and a third stator winding connected in series, and four magnetic poles are generated around the rotor after the first stator winding and the third stator winding are energized.
Another aspect of the present invention is the above aspect, wherein the electrical angle at which the rotor is rapidly rotated in the set direction is 180 degrees.
Another aspect of the present invention is that, on the basis of the above aspect, in a case where the detection signal of the hall sensor has not been changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is changed at regular time.
In the present invention, the short-circuit protection module means: when the short circuit input signal is detected, the power supply is cut off in time, and the power supply is switched to another power supply mode of the stator winding.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) When the reverse rotation of the driving unidirectional motor is detected, the short-circuit protection is started, the motor is prevented from being burnt out, the practicability is high, and the damage probability of devices can be reduced as much as possible.
(2) The polarity of the rotor can be detected quickly no matter what state the polarity around the rotor is, and the unidirectional motor is driven to start rotating in a set direction quickly.
(3) When the position installation tolerance of the Hall sensor is avoided to be larger, or when the rotor is in a polarity transition region, the Hall sensor detects that the rotor position is misjudged, and the unidirectional motor can be started normally.
(4) When the rotor is in the transition zone and in an unstable state, the unidirectional motor can be started normally even if the rotor is disturbed by mechanical disturbance.
(5) The driving current direction of the stator winding is changed at the cyclic timing, so that the fault tolerance of the Hall device when the output signal is wrong can be improved in the starting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a Hall sensor in a transition region of polarity around a rotor
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the Hall sensor in a state where the polarity around the rotor is a fixed polarity
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for starting a unidirectional motor
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a complete circuit
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. stator winding one
2. Rotor
3. Stator winding III
4. Stator
5. Hall sensor
201. 202, 203, 204 are the polarities of the 4 electromagnetic fields of the rotor
401. 402, 403, 404 stator winding one and stator winding three, the polarity of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding one and the stator winding three
Detailed Description
One embodiment of the invention is:
the utility model provides a starting method of unidirectional brushless motor adopts motor starting circuit to accomplish the start-up process, as shown in fig. 4, and motor starting circuit includes power, hall sensor, master controller, unidirectional brushless motor, current detection module, short-circuit protection module, dc-to-ac converter, brushless motor includes rotor and stator, the stator includes stator winding one 1 and stator winding three 3 of establishing ties.
As shown in fig. 3, after the power is powered on, the main controller starts to start the motor, firstly detects the hall signal (entering state S1), determines whether the hall signal is high (entering state S2), if the hall signal is high, the main controller controls the power supply to supply power to the stator winding in the direction of exciting the stator winding one 1 in the forward direction (entering state S3), and the stator winding one 1 is excited in the forward direction (entering state S3), because the stator winding one 1 is connected with the stator winding three 3 in series, the stator winding three 3 is excited in the reverse direction at the same time, magnetic fields are generated around the stator winding one 1 and the stator winding three 3, the rotor 4 is pre-driven to rotate by a set electrical angle, then the current detection module determines whether the current is excessive (entering state S5), if the current is not excessive, the hall signal is detected at regular time (entering state S9), and meanwhile, the hall signal is low? (entering state S13) if the hall signal is low, the start-up process ends (entering state S15), the normal operation mode is subsequently entered (entering state S16), if the hall signal is high, the power supply directions of the stator winding one 1 and the stator winding three 3 are changed regularly, the stator winding three 3 is excited forward (entering state S11), and when the hall signal is detected to be overturned through a period of time, the start-up ends (entering state S15), and the normal operation mode is entered (entering state S16). In the state S5, if the current detection module detects that the current flows excessively, the short-circuit protection module is started, the first short-circuit protection mode is started (the state S7 is started), the stator winding III 3 is started to be excited positively (the state S11 is started), when the Hall signal is detected to be overturned after a period of operation, the starting is finished (the state S15 is started), and the normal working mode is naturally started (the state S16 is started);
as shown in fig. 3, similarly, in the state S2, if the hall signal is low, the main controller controls the power supply to supply power to the stator winding in the direction of exciting the stator winding three 3 in the forward direction, so that the stator winding three 3 is excited in the forward direction (entering the state S6), and since the stator winding one is connected in series with the stator winding three, the stator winding one is excited in the reverse direction at the same time, a magnetic field is generated around the stator winding one 1 and the stator winding three 3, the rotor 4 is pre-driven to rotate by a set electrical angle, then the current detection module judges whether the current is excessive (entering the state S6), if the current is not excessive, the hall signal is detected at regular time (entering the state S10), and meanwhile, the hall signal is high? (entering state S14) if the hall signal is high, the start-up process ends (entering state S15), the normal operation mode is subsequently entered (entering state S16), if the hall signal is low, the power supply directions of the stator winding one 1 and the stator winding three 3 are changed regularly, the stator winding one 1 is excited forward (entering state S12), and when the hall signal is detected to be overturned through a period of time operation, the start-up ends (entering state S15), and the normal operation mode is entered (entering state S16). In the state S6, if the current detection module detects that the current flows excessively, the short-circuit protection module is started, the short-circuit protection module enters a second short-circuit protection mode (entering a state S8), the stator winding I1 is excited forward (entering a state S12), when the Hall signal is detected to turn over after running for a period of time, the starting is finished (entering a state S15), and finally the normal working mode is naturally entered (entering a state S16);
further, after the starting is completed, the power supply polarity of the stator winding is sequentially switched according to the detection signal of the Hall sensor, so that the rotor continuously rotates and enters a normal working mode.
Further, the rotor consists of 4 polar regions.
Further, 2 series stator windings, when energized, create 4 poles around the rotor.
Further, the electrical angle at which the rotor is rapidly rotated in the set direction is 180 degrees.
Further, in the case where the detection signal of the hall sensor has not been changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is changed at regular time.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is to be considered as the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The starting method of the unidirectional brushless motor adopts a motor starting circuit to complete the starting process, wherein the motor starting circuit comprises a power supply, a Hall sensor, a master controller, the unidirectional brushless motor, a current detection module, a short-circuit protection module and an inverter, the brushless motor comprises a rotor and a stator, the stator comprises a stator winding, and the method is characterized in that,
the main controller detects output signals of the Hall sensors, judges the polarity around the rotor, determines the power supply direction of the stator winding according to the polarity around the rotor, controls the power supply to supply power to the stator winding, the power supply stator winding generates a magnetic field, the rotor is pre-driven to rotate a set electrical angle, the current detection module measures the current in the stator winding, if the current exceeds a set value, the short-circuit protection module is started, meanwhile, the power supply polarity of the stator winding is changed, the changed stator magnetic field drives the rotor to rotate a certain electrical angle, the rotor rotates towards the set direction, and the starting process is completed;
if the current in the stator winding is measured by the current detection module and does not exceed a set value, the output signal of the Hall sensor is detected by the main controller at regular time, if the Hall signal is changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is not changed, the starting process is completed after a period of operation, if the Hall signal is not changed, the power supply direction of the stator winding is changed at regular time, and the starting process is completed after a period of operation.
2. The method for starting a unidirectional brushless motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the starting is completed, the power supply polarities of the stator windings are sequentially switched according to the detection signal of the hall sensor, so that the rotor is continuously rotated to enter a normal operation mode.
3. A method of starting a unidirectional brushless motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor is comprised of four polar regions.
4. A method of starting a unidirectional brushless motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator windings comprise a first stator winding and a third stator winding in series, the first stator winding and the third stator winding being energized to produce four poles around the rotor.
5. A method of starting a unidirectional brushless motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical angle at which the rotor is rapidly rotated in the set direction is 180 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910056176.1A CN109713954B (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2019-01-21 | Starting method of unidirectional brushless motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910056176.1A CN109713954B (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2019-01-21 | Starting method of unidirectional brushless motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109713954A CN109713954A (en) | 2019-05-03 |
| CN109713954B true CN109713954B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002272198A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-20 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Device for controlling permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| EP1565983A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2005-08-24 | Turbocor Inc. | Power supply circuit of a high speed electric motor |
| CN102710189A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-10-03 | 西北工业大学 | Control method for brushless continuous current dynamo and device thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0421443D0 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2004-10-27 | Unsworth Peter | Point on wave (pow) control for motor starting and switching |
| TWI342104B (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2011-05-11 | Feeling Technology Corp | Control apparatus for starting a direct current brushless motor and method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-01-21 CN CN201910056176.1A patent/CN109713954B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002272198A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-20 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Device for controlling permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| EP1565983A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2005-08-24 | Turbocor Inc. | Power supply circuit of a high speed electric motor |
| CN102710189A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-10-03 | 西北工业大学 | Control method for brushless continuous current dynamo and device thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王雪帆.利用串级联接调速原理的变极起动绕线转子感应电动机.中国电机工程学报.2004,(第05期),第100-103页. * |
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Effective date of registration: 20230316 Address after: 311100 Room 313, South Building, No. 2 Chaofeng East Road, Development Zone, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Applicant after: Blue Ocean Intelligent Technology (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201518 No. 505, Rongchang Road, LvXiang Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai Applicant before: LANSEA INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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