CN109713876B - Large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor - Google Patents
Large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109713876B CN109713876B CN201811555734.0A CN201811555734A CN109713876B CN 109713876 B CN109713876 B CN 109713876B CN 201811555734 A CN201811555734 A CN 201811555734A CN 109713876 B CN109713876 B CN 109713876B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor, which comprises a stator, a rotor and a low-temperature cooling system for providing a refrigerant; the stator consists of a base, stator back iron and a stator winding; the rotor comprises a normal temperature part and a low temperature part; the normal temperature part comprises a rotating shaft, a rotating shaft spoke plate, a yoke iron core and a magnetic pole iron core; the low-temperature part comprises a low-temperature support framework and a refrigerant transmission coupling device, the low-temperature support framework is provided with a superconducting magnet, the refrigerant transmission coupling device is connected with the rotating shaft, the low-temperature support framework is also provided with a low-temperature end plate, the low-temperature end plate is connected with a rotating shaft radial plate through a tangential support rod and is connected with a compensating disc spring through a radial support rod, a refrigerant flow channel is arranged in the low-temperature support framework, and a cooling hole formed in the end part of the low-temperature; the refrigerant transmission coupling device is provided with an external refrigerant inlet, an external refrigerant outlet, an internal refrigerant inlet and an internal refrigerant outlet, and is respectively connected with the refrigerant distributing pipe through a refrigerant collecting pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of superconducting motors, and particularly relates to a high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor which is particularly suitable for being used as a high-capacity offshore direct-drive wind driven generator or a motor for ship propulsion with the requirements of high power, low rotating speed, compact structure, high power density, low operation cost and the like.
Background
Superconducting electrical machines are a technology that has developed since the sixties. The superconducting material is adopted in the motor, so that the air gap flux density of the motor can be obviously improved, and the size and the weight of the motor are further reduced. Meanwhile, because the superconducting wire does not have loss, the efficiency and the stability of the system can be improved.
There are many superconducting motor structures in the prior art, but most of the related motors are in an axial series structure or a low-temperature integral supporting structure. Namely, the magnet and the fixed structure (low-temperature part) thereof, the heat insulation supporting structure and the rotating shaft are connected in series. In the structure, the conventional cylindrical torque tube is adopted, and in the heat-insulating support device, the stress of materials is interlaminar shearing, so that the advantages of the materials in the aspects of tension and compression are not favorably exerted, and the improvement of power is limited. At the same time, the support and insulation elements need to support the weight of all the cryogenic components while transferring all the torque generated by the cryogenic components.
In the series structure, due to the shortening of the low-temperature part, the low-temperature part needs to be compensated structurally, two compensation structures of sliding and elasticity are generally adopted, and the corresponding compensation difficulty is increased for a large structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, starts from the structural form of the motor, optimizes the structural form of the motor, and provides a superconducting motor structure which can meet the actual working requirement and has high power, low rotating speed, compact structure and high power density.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor comprises a stator, a rotor and a low-temperature cooling system for providing a refrigerant; the stator consists of a base, stator back iron and a stator winding; the rotor comprises a normal temperature part and a low temperature part which is connected at the end part by adopting a supporting heat insulation part; the normal-temperature part comprises a rotating shaft and a rotating shaft web connected with the rotating shaft, wherein a yoke iron core is arranged on the rotating shaft web, the yoke iron core is connected with the rotating shaft web through a hot sleeve or welding, a magnetic pole iron core is arranged on the yoke iron core, and the magnetic pole iron core can be connected with the yoke iron core through fastening and other modes to jointly form the normal-temperature part of the rotor; the low-temperature part comprises a low-temperature supporting framework and a refrigerant transmission coupling device, the low-temperature supporting framework is provided with a superconducting magnet, the superconducting winding sub-modules are made into different magnets and then fixed on the low-temperature supporting framework, the refrigerant transmission coupling device is respectively connected with a rotating shaft and a low-temperature cooling system, the refrigerant generated by the low-temperature cooling system is converted into a rotating state to be used for cooling the low-temperature supporting framework, the low-temperature supporting framework is used for cooling the superconducting magnet, the low-temperature supporting framework is further provided with a low-temperature end plate in a fastening or welding mode, the low-temperature end plate is connected with a rotating shaft web through a tangential supporting rod, the low-temperature end plate is connected with a compensating disc spring through a radial supporting rod, the superconducting magnet and the low-temperature supporting framework keep the coaxiality with a magnetic pole core and, the cooling device can adopt immersion type or conduction type cooling, a flow channel for transmitting a refrigerant is arranged in the low-temperature support framework, cooling holes communicated with the refrigerant flow channel to form a closed loop are axially formed in the end part of the low-temperature support framework, and refrigerant distributing pipes are respectively connected to the cooling holes; one side of the refrigerant transmission coupling device is provided with an external refrigerant inlet and an external refrigerant outlet which are used for connecting a low-temperature cooling system, the other side of the refrigerant transmission coupling device is provided with an internal refrigerant inlet and an internal refrigerant outlet, and the internal refrigerant inlet and the internal refrigerant outlet are connected with a refrigerant distribution pipe through a refrigerant collecting pipe; the low-temperature refrigerant generated by the refrigerating system enters the refrigerant transmission coupling device through the external refrigerant inlet and is converted into a rotating state to be connected with the internal refrigerant inlet, the refrigerant enters the collecting pipe, enters the supporting framework through the refrigerant distributing pipe and exchanges heat with the supporting framework to cool the low-temperature supporting framework, the refrigerant with raised temperature sequentially passes through the refrigerant distributing pipe, the collecting pipe, the internal refrigerant outlet and the external refrigerant outlet to be connected with the low-temperature system, and the refrigerant is cooled again in the low-temperature system and then circulates.
According to the large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor, the stator can adopt a conventional stator structure with iron teeth or an air gap armature according to an electromagnetic scheme; liquid cooling or air cooling is adopted.
The stator winding of the high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor can adopt a single-layer or double-layer, Robel coil structure or Litz line structure.
The rotor of the high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor is excited by a winding wound by a superconducting wire; cold helium or liquid neon is used for conducting, soaking or convective heat transfer cooling. 1G superconducting wire Bi2223 or second generation superconducting wire YBCO or MgPb can be adopted2The working temperature is lower than the superconducting temperature of the corresponding material and can be between 20K and 40K, so that higher superconducting current-carrying capacity is ensured. The rotor coils may be racetrack coils or saddle coils. Excitation can be carried out in a brush or brushless mode
The high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor adopts the modes of vacuum, heat shielding layer or wrapping multi-layer aluminized polyester film, composite material or metal with lower heat conductivity and the like to realize heat insulation of the normal temperature part and the low temperature part.
The rotor of the high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor is coated with a shielding sealing layer.
The high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor is characterized in that two ends of a tangential support rod are connected with a rotating shaft spoke plate and a low-temperature end plate through a normal-temperature connecting fastener and a low-temperature connecting fastener respectively.
The high-temperature superconducting motor is used for supporting and insulating heat of a low-temperature superconducting coil and other low-temperature components, and adopts the combined action of a stay bar and a pull rod, or adopts the independent action of the stay bar or the pull rod, or combines the stay bar and the pull rod to form a component for supporting and insulating heat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the problem that the heat insulation supporting device adopting the conventional cylindrical moment tube is not beneficial to exerting the advantages of the materials in the aspects of tension and compression in the prior art, in the structure, the stress of the heat insulation material is designed to be the stretching direction, which is beneficial to exerting the advantages of the composite materials, and meanwhile, the structure does not need to transmit all the torque of the low-temperature component, so that the requirement on supporting the heat insulation component is reduced;
aiming at the problem that the compensation difficulty is increased by two compensation structural forms of sliding and elasticity in the prior art, in the structure, due to the special structural form, the corresponding compensation amount is reduced, and the structure is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall assembly view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a normal temperature component according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the cryogenic component of the invention: fig. 4A is a structural diagram of the low-temperature support skeleton, fig. 4B is an assembly diagram of the low-temperature support skeleton and the refrigerant transmission coupling device, fig. 4C is an assembly diagram of the superconducting magnet, and fig. 4D is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant transmission coupling device for cooling the superconducting magnet;
fig. 5 shows a support structure for a cryogenic component according to the invention: 5A is radial support of the low-temperature component, 5B is tangential support of the low-temperature component, and 5C is radial and tangential support;
FIG. 6 is a cold shrinkage compensation structure consisting of a compensation disc spring and a radial support rod;
FIG. 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of a rotor of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a general view of the rotor of the present invention: fig. 8A is an oblique view, fig. 8B is an axial view, and fig. 8C is a front view.
The figures are numbered: 100-stator, 200-rotor, 300-cryogenic cooling system, 101-base, 102-stator back iron, 103-stator winding, 201-pole core, 202-superconducting magnet, 203-shielding sealing layer, 204-rotating shaft, 205-rotating shaft web, 206-yoke core, 211-compensation disc spring, 212-radial support rod, 213-tangential support rod, 214-normal temperature connection fastener, 215-low temperature connection fastener, 221-low temperature end plate, 222-low temperature support skeleton, 223-cooling hole, 250-refrigerant transmission coupling device, 251-external refrigerant inlet, 252-external refrigerant outlet, 253-internal refrigerant inlet, 254-internal refrigerant outlet, 255-refrigerant collection pipe, 256-refrigerant collection pipe, 257-refrigerant distribution pipe, 258-refrigerant distribution pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1
Fig. 1 is a general assembly diagram of a wind turbine according to the present invention, which comprises a stator 100, a rotor 200, and a cryogenic cooling system 300 for providing a coolant.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator 100, which is composed of a base 101, a stator back iron 102, and a stator winding 103. According to the electromagnetic scheme, the motor adopts an air gap armature structure, namely, the existence of iron teeth is reduced, and non-magnetic composite materials or stainless steel and the like are adopted for supporting. The winding 103 adopts a single-layer winding, and the wire adopts a Litz wire. The stator 100 is cooled by a water cooling structure.
The rotor 200 comprises a normal temperature part and a low temperature part connected to the end of the normal temperature part by a supporting heat insulation part, the connecting part is divided into a radial supporting rod 212 and a tangential supporting rod 213, the radial supporting rod 212 keeps the coaxiality of the low temperature part and the normal temperature part, the tangential supporting rod 213 ensures that the torque generated by the low temperature part is transmitted to the normal temperature part, and the torque generated by the stator winding 103 is transmitted through the two supporting rods during working.
The motor rotor has a complex structure and can be mainly divided into a plurality of parts such as normal temperature, low temperature, support between the low temperature and the normal temperature, heat insulation, cooling and the like.
Fig. 3 shows a normal temperature part of a motor rotor of the present invention, which mainly comprises a hollow rotating shaft 204, a rotating shaft web 205, a yoke core 206, a pole core 201, etc. Wherein the shaft web 205 is welded to the shaft 204; the yoke core 206 is connected to the shaft web 205 by shrink-fitting or welding; the pole core 201 may be connected to the yoke core 206 by fastening or the like, and together constitute a normal temperature portion of the rotor.
Fig. 4 shows the low temperature part of the rotor of the motor of the present invention.
The low temperature support frame 222 shown in fig. 4A may be connected to the low temperature end plate 221 by fastening or welding, or the low temperature support frame 222 and the low temperature end plate 221 may be integrally formed, but the processing is complicated. The partial material can be made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper and the like with good heat conduction. The low temperature supporting framework 222 is provided with a cooling hole 223 along the axial direction, the hole is a closed loop, and a refrigerant distributing pipe 257 and a refrigerant distributing pipe 258 are adopted to be connected with the hole.
The refrigerant transferring coupling device 250 shown in fig. 4B mainly functions to convert the refrigerant generated in the low temperature cooling system 300 from a stationary state to a rotating state, and mainly includes an external refrigerant inlet 251, an external refrigerant outlet 252, an internal refrigerant inlet 253, an internal refrigerant outlet 254, an annular refrigerant collecting pipe 255 and a refrigerant collecting pipe 256. The low-temperature refrigerant generated by the refrigeration system 300 enters the refrigerant transmission coupling device 250 through the external refrigerant inlet 251, is converted into a rotating state and is connected with the internal refrigerant inlet 253, then enters the collection pipe 256, enters the support framework 222 through the refrigerant distribution pipe 257, exchanges heat with the support framework 222 to cool the low-temperature support framework 222, and the refrigerant with the increased temperature sequentially passes through the refrigerant distribution pipe 258, the collection pipe 255, the internal refrigerant outlet 254 and the external refrigerant outlet 252 to be connected with the low-temperature system 300, and is cooled again in the low-temperature system 300 and then circulates.
Fig. 4D is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooling of the superconducting magnet by the refrigerant transmission coupling device, and the main principle is that the refrigerant generated by the cryogenic cooling system 300 is converted into a rotational state by the refrigerant transmission coupling device 250, the refrigerant cools the low-temperature support skeleton 222, and the low-temperature support skeleton 222 cools the superconducting magnet 202.
Figure 5 shows a support and insulation system for cryogenic components. The low-temperature and normal-temperature components are connected by low-temperature supports and heat insulating members placed at both ends. One end of the radial support rod 212 is connected with the low-temperature end plate 221, the other end is connected with the compensation disc spring 211, and the compensation disc spring 211 is connected with the rotating shaft 204 through the rotating shaft spoke plate 205. The main function of the component is to ensure the coaxiality of the low-temperature component and the normal-temperature component. The radial support rods 212 are made of materials with high thermal conductivity difference and high strength, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics, and the like, so that heat leakage between low temperature and normal temperature is blocked. One end of the tangential support rod 213 is connected with the low temperature end 221, the other end is connected with the rotating shaft web 205, and the tangential support rod is connected with the two components through a normal temperature connecting fastener 214 and a low temperature connecting fastener 215. The radial tangential connection system between the cryogenic and the cold components is detailed in fig. 5A, 5B and 5C.
Fig. 6 shows a cold shrinkage compensation structure of a cryogenic system composed of a compensation disc spring 211 and a radial support rod 212. When the temperature is reduced, the low-temperature component can contract along the axial direction and the radial direction, and the thermal stress of the structural component is reduced by compensating the deformation and the distortion of the disc spring 211.
Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the rotor 200. The low-temperature component superconducting magnet 202 and the low-temperature support skeleton 222 are mainly configured to maintain the coaxiality with the normal-temperature component pole core 201 and the yoke core 206 by the end radial support rod 212. The cooling holes 223 on the low temperature supporting frame 222 are the transmission holes of the cooling medium. And a plurality of layers of aluminum-plated films are wrapped outside all low-temperature components directly opposite to the normal-temperature components so as to reduce radiation heat leakage. The shield seal layer 203 surrounds the outside of the rotor 200, and serves to shield higher harmonics on the stator 100 side while providing a vacuum environment.
Fig. 8 shows the rotor 200 after being assembled in its entirety (partially concealing the electromagnetic shield and the sealing end plates). Wherein 8A is an oblique view, 8B is an axial view, and 8C is a front view.
The stator of the alternating current motor is adopted, and the rotor adopts a high-temperature superconducting wire as an excitation winding. In order to facilitate wiring and simplify the design of the excitation equipment, the rotor magnet of the motor adopts a series structure, and an excitation power supply provides excitation current for the rotor magnet. The high-temperature superconducting motor has the characteristics of large torque, low heat leakage, high power density and the like, and is particularly suitable for being applied to occasions requiring large torque, such as a large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor for ship propulsion, a large-capacity high-temperature superconducting generator for direct-drive wind power generation and the like.
The support and the heat insulation of the low-temperature superconducting coil and other low-temperature components are realized by adopting the combined action of the stay bar and the pull rod, or adopting the independent action of the stay bar or the pull rod, or combining the stay bar and the pull rod to form a component for supporting and insulating heat.
Example 2
The difference from the above embodiment is: the motor stator adopts a common alternating current motor stator and adopts iron tooth materials.
Example 3
The difference from the above embodiment is: this motor stator adopts the forced air cooling structure, and the stator adopts the Robel coil.
Example 4
The difference from the above embodiment is: the outer surface of the low-temperature part (superconducting magnet and the like) of the rotor is not bound with a multi-layer aluminized polyester film, and a radiation-proof screen made of stainless steel and other bright metals is adopted between low temperature and normal temperature.
Example 5
The difference from the above embodiment is: the superconducting magnet 202 is cooled by liquid immersion or gas convection.
Example 6
The difference from the above embodiment is: the materials of the radial support rod 212 and the tangential support rod 213 adopt stainless steel.
Example 7
The difference from the above embodiment is: the radial support rod 212 and the tangential support rod 213 are made of non-metallic materials with high strength, high strength and low heat leakage, such as nylon ropes, glass ribbons, carbon fibers and the like.
Example 8
The difference from the above embodiment is: the pole core 201 and the yoke core 206 are placed at a low temperature and combined with the support frame 222, and are supported by the end support rods 212 and 213.
The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
Claims (8)
1. A high-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor is characterized in that: comprises a stator (100), a rotor (200) and a low-temperature cooling system (300) for providing a refrigerant; the stator (100) consists of a base (101), stator back iron (102) and a stator winding (103); the rotor (200) comprises a normal temperature part and a low temperature part; the normal-temperature part comprises a rotating shaft (204) and a rotating shaft web (205) connected with the rotating shaft (204), a yoke iron core (206) is arranged on the rotating shaft web (205), and a magnetic pole iron core (201) is arranged on the yoke iron core (206); the low-temperature part comprises a low-temperature support framework (222) and a refrigerant transmission coupling device (250), the low-temperature support framework (222) is provided with a superconducting magnet (202), the refrigerant transmission coupling device (250) is connected with a rotating shaft (204), the low-temperature support framework (222) is also provided with a low-temperature end plate (221), the low-temperature end plate (221) is connected with a rotating shaft spoke plate (205) through a tangential supporting rod (213), the low-temperature end plate (221) is connected with a compensation disc spring (211) through a radial supporting rod (212), a refrigerant flow channel is arranged in the low-temperature support framework (222), the end part of the low-temperature support framework (222) is provided with a cooling hole (223) communicated with the refrigerant flow channel, and the cooling hole (223) is respectively connected with refrigerant distribution pipes; and one side of the refrigerant transmission coupling device (250) is provided with an external refrigerant inlet (251) and an external refrigerant outlet (252) which are used for being connected with the low-temperature cooling system (300), the other side of the refrigerant transmission coupling device is provided with an internal refrigerant inlet (253) and an internal refrigerant outlet (254), and the internal refrigerant inlet (253) and the internal refrigerant outlet (254) are respectively connected with refrigerant distribution pipes (257 and 258) through refrigerant collecting pipes (255 and 256).
2. A high capacity hts machine according to claim 1, characterized by that, the stator (100) is of conventional stator structure with iron teeth or air gap armature; liquid cooling or air cooling is adopted.
3. A high capacity hts machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the stator winding (103) is in single or double layer Robel coil or Litz wire configuration.
4. A high capacity high temperature superconducting motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (200) is excited by a winding wound with superconducting wire; cold helium or liquid neon is used for conducting, soaking or convective heat transfer cooling.
5. A large capacity high temperature superconducting motor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the normal temperature part and the low temperature part are insulated by vacuum, heat shield or wrapped with multi-layer aluminized polyester film, composite material or metal with low thermal conductivity.
6. A high capacity high temperature superconducting machine according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the rotor (200) is externally covered with a shielding sealing layer (203).
7. A large capacity high temperature superconducting motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the tangential support rod (213) connects the shaft web (205) and the low temperature end plate (221) at its two ends through the normal temperature connection fastener (214) and the low temperature connection fastener (215), respectively.
8. A high capacity high temperature superconducting motor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the support and thermal insulation of the low temperature superconducting coils and other low temperature components are achieved by the combined action of the stay and the pull rod, or by the single action of the stay or the pull rod, or by a combination of the stay and the pull rod.
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| CN201811555734.0A CN109713876B (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor |
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| CN201811555734.0A CN109713876B (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Large-capacity high-temperature superconducting motor |
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| CN109713876B true CN109713876B (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4178777A (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1979-12-18 | Electric Power Research Institute | Sliding support for a superconducting generator rotor |
| CN101383552A (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2009-03-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bilateral excitation full super conduction synchronous electric motor |
| CN102130570A (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-07-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所 | High-temperature superconducting motor with axial cold contraction compensation mechanism |
| CN103501104A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所 | Superconductive motor |
-
2018
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201811555734.0A patent/CN109713876B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4178777A (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1979-12-18 | Electric Power Research Institute | Sliding support for a superconducting generator rotor |
| CN101383552A (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2009-03-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bilateral excitation full super conduction synchronous electric motor |
| CN102130570A (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-07-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所 | High-temperature superconducting motor with axial cold contraction compensation mechanism |
| CN103501104A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所 | Superconductive motor |
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