CN109713711B - Voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactive power coordination control strategy of a distributed photovoltaic inverter under a fault, which comprises the following steps: 1) calculating reactive power demand Q when network voltage drops Total demand (ii) a 2) Calculating the fault apparent power of each distributed inverter when the voltage of the power grid drops; 3) calculating reactive capacity Q of each distributed inverter when grid voltage drops imax (ii) a 4) According to the influence degree of the inverter at different access positions by the fault, providing a corresponding control strategy; 5) and the minimization of the active reduction value of the distributed photovoltaic inverter under the fault is considered, so that the recovery of the active power after the fault is eliminated is facilitated. The method considers the comprehensive influence of different access positions, illumination change and voltage drop degrees of the actual distributed photovoltaic inverters on the transient process and the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, fully utilizes the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic inverters, realizes the minimum reduction value of the active power during the power grid fault period, is favorable for the active power recovery of the distributed photovoltaic after the voltage drop of the power grid is eliminated, and simultaneously avoids the cascading breakdown of the distributed photovoltaic inverters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy.
Background
In recent years, distributed photovoltaic has the characteristics of continuous development and cluster grid connection. Under the condition that the permeability of the distributed photovoltaic cluster is higher and higher, the randomness and the fluctuation of the distributed photovoltaic output can have a profound influence on the safety and the stability of a power grid, and especially when the power grid fails, the unplanned grid disconnection of the distributed photovoltaic cluster can aggravate the energy imbalance of the main power grid, so that the voltage breakdown of the power grid is caused.
Currently, research on distributed photovoltaic is mostly focused on voltage reactive control of an inverter. The german institute of engineers proposes fixed reactive power control, fixed power factor control, adjustable power factor control, and q (u) control. On the basis, documents propose a q (u) control strategy based on the combination of adjustable power factor control and q (u) control, so that all inverters participate in grid voltage regulation and the total reactive power output is minimum, but the strategy needs to obtain the reactive power output value of each inverter under different control strategies, and the requirement on the reliability of a communication system is high. In other documents, the grid-connected point voltage is introduced into the adjustable power factor control, and the power factor curve is automatically adjusted according to the grid-connected point voltage amplitude, so that unnecessary reactive power output of the inverter is effectively reduced, but in the strategy, the inverter cannot output inductive reactive power to support a power grid. There is also a literature on reducing the active power output by the inverter to suppress the overvoltage.
For the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) of a large-scale photovoltaic power station, which is mostly concentrated on the control of a photovoltaic inverter under a grid fault, there is a document that the LVRT is realized by performing coordinated control on the active current and the reactive current of the inverter. There is also literature that considers the capacity limitations of the inverter, limiting the active current by preferentially providing reactive current to achieve low voltage ride through. Meanwhile, the document discusses the reactive output capability of the inverter, and a reactive power control strategy is proposed on the basis of the reactive output capability, but the system analysis is not carried out on the given reactive power during the fault period. In addition, the literature considers two fault conditions of symmetry and asymmetry, and when the voltage falls asymmetrically, the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current are independently controlled through a positive sequence rotating coordinate system and a negative sequence rotating coordinate system which are completely symmetrical in structure, so that low-voltage ride through under the asymmetric fault is realized. The above are all researches for a single-point concentration form of a photovoltaic power source, and coordination control among inverters under the condition of high photovoltaic permeability is not considered. Therefore, coordinated control is needed for the distributed photovoltaic inverter with multipoint access under the fault working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that when the grid voltage fails in the current practical engineering, all distributed photovoltaic inverters cannot be coordinately controlled to fully utilize reactive power and unreasonable reduction of active power during the failure, and provides a voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the voltage change of a control point according to the running state of the distributed photovoltaic, and calculating the total reactive power Q required by each inverter when the voltage drops and provided by combining the fault ride-through rule requirement in technical regulation of photovoltaic power station access power system Total demand ；
2) Calculating the fault apparent power S of each photovoltaic inverter according to the solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the voltage drop condition of the common point of the inverters at different intervention positions i And further obtain the real-time reactive capacity Q of each distributed photovoltaic inverter imax ；
3) And comparing the reactive power required by each inverter when the voltage drops and the sum of the real-time reactive capacity of each distributed photovoltaic inverter, and coordinating and controlling the reactive output of each distributed photovoltaic inverter to realize the minimum reduction value of the active power of the whole distributed photovoltaic inverter during the fault period so as to be beneficial to the active power recovery of the photovoltaic inverter after the fault is eliminated.
Further, according to the voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy, the distributed photovoltaic in the step 1) is usually connected to the tail end of a power distribution network, the influences of line impedance, solar radiation intensity and environment temperature need to be considered, and the reactive power demand Q of response is output according to the requirements in technical provisions of photovoltaic power station access power system Total demand 。
Further, according to the voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy provided by the invention, the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
201. the method for determining the fault apparent power and the reactive capacity of the photovoltaic inverter comprises the following steps:
according to the power relationship:
P 2 +Q 2 ＝S 2 ；
for the reactive output range of the distributed inverter i in steady state operation:
in the formula, P i And Q i Respectively outputting active power and reactive power for each inverter; s. the N Is the rated apparent power of the inverter.
202. The active output range of the photovoltaic inverter under the influence of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature is considered:
0≤P i ≤P max ；
203. in a fault state, in order to avoid overcurrent of the inverter current, introducing the fault apparent power of the inverter:
in the formula of U N Inverter grid-connected point voltage under steady state operation; u' is the voltage of the grid-connected point of the inverter when the voltage of the power grid drops; s N Rated apparent power for the inverter; s i Is the fault apparent power of the inverter.
204. When the voltage of the power grid drops, the inverter can work under 1.1 times of apparent power, so that the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic inverter is obtained:
205. in order to obtain larger reactive capacity, the active power of the inverter can be reduced:
in the formula, P cur Is a reduced value of active power during fault control.
Further, according to the distributed photovoltaic inverter hierarchical coordination control strategy under the fault, the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps:
301. when the voltage of the power grid drops, the distributed photovoltaic inverters connected at different positions detect that the voltage of the grid-connected point presents different dropping degrees, and the reactive power demand Q of the output response calculated according to the steps 1) and 204 is obtained Total demand And Q imax Comparing the two to carry out reactive power coordination distribution;
302. when Q is Total demand ≤∑Q imax (ii) a The reactive power of the distributed photovoltaic system can provide required reactive power, the active power does not need to be reduced to improve the reactive power, the active power loss caused by the resistance on the line is considered, and the active power loss is reduced by coordinating the reactive power of each distributed inverter;
the line impedance can be expressed as:
the active power loss caused by the line resistance of each distributed photovoltaic inverter outputting reactive power when the voltage of the power grid drops can be expressed as follows:
in the formula u ipcc Detecting the grid-connected common point voltage for the inverter under the voltage drop of the power grid; q iref The reactive power required to be provided for the inverter meets the constraint condition:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
And (3) constructing a function by utilizing a Lagrange function algorithm:
f＝∑ΔP+λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship should be satisfied:
let Q iref ＝k i Q Total demand Then, from the available:
303. when Q is Total demand >∑Q imax (ii) a The reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic system cannot provide required reactive power, active power needs to be reduced to improve the reactive capacity, and the reduction of the total active power is reduced by coordinately distributing the reactive power of each inverter;
the sum of the active power reduced by the distributed inverter under grid voltage sag can be expressed as:
wherein Q is iref The following constraints need to be satisfied:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
Using Lagrange's function method to obtain:
f＝∑ΔP i +λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship needs to be achieved:
and further obtaining the reactive power distributed by each distributed photovoltaic inverter:
in order to avoid the distributed reactive power, the distributed reactive power of a certain inverter is less than the reactive capacity of the inverter, the distributed power is improved as follows:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy, and the method includes the following steps:
step 1), detecting voltage change of a control point according to the running state of distributed photovoltaic, and calculating total reactive power Q required by each inverter when voltage drops by combining with the fault ride-through guide rule requirement in technical regulation of photovoltaic power station access power system Total demand ；
Step 2), calculating the fault apparent power and the reactive capacity of the inverter according to the detected voltage drop condition of the grid-connected common point;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method for determining the fault apparent power and the reactive capacity of the photovoltaic inverter comprises the following steps:
according to the power relationship:
P 2 +Q 2 ＝S 2 ；
for the reactive output range of the distributed inverter i in steady state operation:
in the formula, P i And Q i Respectively outputting active power and reactive power for each inverter; s N Is the rated apparent power of the inverter.
The active power output range of the photovoltaic inverter under the influence of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature is considered:
0≤P i ≤P max ；
in a fault state, in order to avoid overcurrent of the inverter current, the inverter fault apparent power is introduced:
in the formula of U N Inverter grid-connected point voltage under steady state operation; u' is the voltage of the grid-connected point of the inverter when the voltage of the power grid drops; s N Is the rated apparent power of the inverter; s. the i Apparent power for the failure of the inverter.
When the voltage of the power grid drops, the inverter can work under 1.1 times of apparent power, so that the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic inverter is obtained:
in order to obtain larger reactive capacity, the active power of the inverter can be reduced:
in the formula, P cur Is a reduced value of active power during fault control.
And 3) according to the voltage drop degree of the common point detected by each distributed inverter, the reactive output of each distributed photovoltaic inverter is coordinated and controlled, the minimum active power reduction value of the whole distributed photovoltaic inverter during the fault period is realized, and the active power recovery of the distributed photovoltaic inverter after the fault is eliminated is facilitated.
Which comprises the following steps:
when the voltage of the power grid drops, the distributed photovoltaic inverters connected at different positions detect that the voltage of the grid-connected point presents different dropping degrees, and the reactive power demand Q of the output response calculated according to the steps 1) and 204 is obtained Total demand And Q imax Comparing the two to carry out reactive power coordination distribution;
when Q is Total demand ≤∑Q imax (ii) a The reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic system can provide required reactive power, the reactive capacity is improved without reducing active power, active power loss caused by resistance on a line is considered, and the active power loss is reduced by coordinating the reactive power of each distributed inverter;
the line impedance can be expressed as:
the active power loss caused by the line resistance of each distributed photovoltaic inverter outputting reactive power when the voltage of the power grid drops can be expressed as follows:
in the formula u ipcc Detecting the grid-connected common point voltage for the inverter under the voltage drop of the power grid; q iref The reactive power required to be provided for the inverter meets the constraint condition:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
And (3) constructing a function by utilizing a Lagrange function algorithm:
f＝∑ΔP+λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship should be satisfied:
let Q iref ＝k i Q Total demand Then, from the available:
when Q is Total demand >∑Q imax (ii) a Meaning that the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic may not provide the required reactive power, the active power needs to be reduced to increase the reactive capacity, at which point the reduction of the total active power by coordinated allocation of the reactive power of the inverters is considered;
the sum of the active power reduced by the distributed inverter under grid voltage sag can be expressed as:
wherein Q is iref The following constraints need to be satisfied:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
The method comprises the following steps of:
f＝∑ΔP i +λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship needs to be achieved:
and then, obtaining the reactive power distributed by each distributed photovoltaic inverter:
in order to avoid the distributed reactive power, the distributed reactive power of a certain inverter is less than the reactive capacity of the inverter, the distributed power is improved as follows:
Claims (2)
1. a voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverter reactive power coordination control strategy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) detecting the voltage change of a control point according to the running state of the distributed photovoltaic, and calculating the total reactive power Q required by each inverter when the voltage drops and provided by combining the fault ride-through rule requirement in technical regulation of photovoltaic power station access power system Total demand ；
2) Calculating the fault apparent power S of each photovoltaic inverter according to the solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the voltage drop condition of the common point of the inverters at different intervention positions i And further obtain the real-time reactive capacity Q of each distributed photovoltaic inverter imax ；
3) Comparing the total reactive power required to be provided by each inverter when the voltage drops and the sum of the real-time reactive capacity of each distributed photovoltaic inverter, and coordinating and controlling the reactive output of each distributed photovoltaic inverter to realize the minimum reduction value of the active power of the whole distributed photovoltaic inverter during the fault period so as to be beneficial to the active power recovery of the photovoltaic inverter after the fault is eliminated;
the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
201. the method for determining the fault apparent power and the reactive capacity of the photovoltaic inverter comprises the following steps:
according to the power relationship:
P 2 +Q 2 ＝S 2 ；
for the reactive output range of the distributed inverter i in steady state operation:
in the formula, P i And Q i Respectively outputting active power and reactive power for each inverter; s. the N Rated apparent power for the inverter;
202. the active output range of the photovoltaic inverter under the influence of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature is considered:
0≤P i ≤P max ；
203. in a fault state, in order to avoid overcurrent of the inverter current, introducing the fault apparent power of the inverter:
in the formula of U N The inverter grid-connected point voltage under steady operation; u' is the voltage of the grid-connected point of the inverter when the voltage of the power grid drops; s. the N Rated apparent power for the inverter; s. the i Apparent power for the fault of the inverter;
204. when the voltage of the power grid drops, the inverter can work under 1.1 times of apparent power, so that the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic inverter is obtained:
205. to obtain a larger reactive capacity, the active power of the inverter can be reduced:
in the formula, P cur A reduced value for active power during fault control;
the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps:
301. when the voltage of the power grid drops, the distributed photovoltaic inverters connected at different positions detect that the voltage of the grid-connected point presents different dropping degrees, and the voltage drop inversions are calculated by combining the step 1) and the step 2)Total reactive power Q required by the converter Total demand And Q imax Comparing the two to carry out reactive power coordination distribution;
302. when Q is Total demand ≤∑Q imax (ii) a The reactive power of the distributed photovoltaic system can provide required reactive power, the active power does not need to be reduced to improve the reactive power, the active power loss caused by the resistance on the line is considered, and the active power loss is reduced by coordinating the reactive power of each distributed inverter;
the line impedance can be expressed as:
the active power loss caused by the line resistance of each distributed photovoltaic inverter output reactive power due to the voltage drop of the power grid can be expressed as follows:
in the formula u ipcc Detecting the grid-connected common point voltage for the inverter under the voltage drop of the power grid; q iref The reactive power required to be provided for the inverter meets the constraint condition:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
And (3) constructing a function by utilizing a Lagrange function algorithm:
f＝∑ΔP+λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship should be satisfied:
let Q iref ＝k i Q Total demand The following can be obtained:
303. when Q is Total demand >∑Q imax (ii) a Meaning that the reactive capacity of the distributed photovoltaic may not provide the required reactive power, the active power needs to be reduced to increase the reactive capacity, at which point the reduction of the total active power by coordinated allocation of the reactive power of the inverters is considered;
the sum of the active power reduced by the distributed inverter under grid voltage sag can be expressed as:
wherein Q iref The following constraints need to be satisfied:
∑Q iref ＝Q total demand ；
The method comprises the following steps of:
f＝∑ΔP i +λ(∑Q iref -Q total demand )；
To find the minimum value of f, the following relationship needs to be achieved:
and further obtaining the reactive power distributed by each distributed photovoltaic inverter:
in order to avoid the distributed reactive power, the distributed reactive power of a certain inverter is smaller than the reactive capacity of the inverter, the distributed power is improved as follows:
2. the reactive power coordination control strategy for the voltage drop distributed photovoltaic inverters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributed photovoltaic in step 1) is usually connected to the end of a power distribution network, and the influence of line impedance, solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature is considered, and the total reactive power Q required by each inverter in voltage drop to be provided is calculated according to the requirements in technical provisions for photovoltaic power station access to power system Total demand 。
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| CN111682587B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-08-27 | 山东大学 | Wind driven generator low voltage ride through control method and system |
| CN113098068B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2023-07-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter impedance remodeling strategy matched with sequence component phase selection element |
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