CN109707410B - Intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system - Google Patents
Intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system comprises a tunnel primary supporting structure layer on the outermost side in the radial direction, a tunnel deformation coordination perception layer in the middle, and a tunnel secondary lining supporting structure layer on the innermost side, wherein the tunnel deformation coordination perception layer can be used for providing a deformation space for the deformation of the primary supporting structure and providing monitoring data of the safety condition of a lining structure for tunnel operation maintenance management decision, and can be used as a tunnel reinforcing layer in the tunnel operation period to supplement and increase the strength of the tunnel lining structure, so that the intelligent, controllable and informatization of the tunnel lining supporting structure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering and urban underground engineering, in particular to an intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system, wherein the outermost side in the radial direction is a primary supporting structure layer, the middle part is a deformation coordination sensing layer, and the innermost side is a secondary lining supporting structure layer.
Background
At present, the tunnel lining supporting structure has the problems that the stress process of the structure is not clear and the change of the safety state is difficult to master, so that the structural problem can be identified only when the tunnel lining structure is unstable or unsafe, and only passive protective measures can be taken. The functional positioning and load sharing proportion of each lining structure layer in the tunnel lining support design are difficult to implement due to no data support in construction, so that the actual stress state of the tunnel lining structure is inconsistent with the design, the tunnel lining structure is overloaded or is excessively safe, and potential hidden dangers are caused in fact. The inventor finds that development of an intelligent monitoring technology and an informatization technology promotes tunnel engineering technicians to attach more and more importance to long-term safety of a tunnel lining structure, and depth cross fusion of tunnel structure engineering and an intelligent perception technology is more and more urgent. The inventor thinks that the problems in the design and construction of tunnel engineering are solved by combining the monitoring technology with the tunnel structure supporting theory, and meanwhile, the method for providing long-term monitoring data support for tunnel operation maintenance management is an important way and direction for tunnel engineering development. Thus, the present inventors have completed the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish an intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system, wherein the outermost side in the radial direction is a primary supporting structure layer, the middle part is a deformation coordination perception layer, and the innermost side is a secondary lining supporting structure layer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system is characterized by comprising a deformation coordination sensing layer located between a primary supporting structure layer and a secondary lining supporting structure layer along the radial direction.
The deformation coordination sensing layer comprises a plurality of buffering coordination deformation structures distributed along the circumferential direction, the buffering coordination deformation structures are embedded between the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer, and test instruments are arranged in the buffering coordination deformation structures.
The test instrument includes a stress test, a strain or displacement test, and an image test.
The testing instrument is connected with the intelligent perception system through a wired or wireless transmission device, and the intelligent perception system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a structural safety condition judgment module.
The data acquisition module acquires data including internal force data of a primary support structure layer, deformation or displacement data, pressure data between the primary support structure layer and a secondary lining support structure layer, internal force data of the secondary lining support structure layer and shrinkage data of a deformation coordination sensing layer; the data analysis module is combined with deformation or displacement data of the primary support structure layer or measures and controls the appearance of the primary support structure layer by using a camera shooting technology, and predicts the deformation state and the trend of the primary support structure layer; and the structural safety condition evaluation module realizes the evaluation of the safety state of the tunnel structure according to the index parameters, the material parameters and the test data of each structural layer of the tunnel.
And reserved grouting holes for coordinating the supporting function of the structure are formed in the arch shoulders and the arch crown of the secondary lining supporting structure layer, and the reserved grouting holes are communicated with the deformation coordination sensing layer.
When the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer can meet the safety requirement of the tunnel structure, the tunnel load is mainly borne by the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer, the deformation coordination sensing layer is used as a tunnel structure safety state information sensing layer, the tunnel safety state is monitored in real time, and a deformation space is provided for deformation of the primary support structure layer; when the deformation rate of the primary support structure layer is accelerated, or the primary support structure layer does not tend to be stable, or the secondary lining support structure layer is unstable, or the secondary lining support structure layer is supported beyond a certain range and cannot meet the safety requirement, the deformation coordination sensing layer is converted into a tunnel bearing structure layer through pouring cement slurry or concrete materials in the reserved grouting holes, participates in tunnel bearing, shares the loads of the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer, and accordingly guarantees the safety of the tunnel structure.
The arch shoulders and the arch crown of the secondary lining supporting structure layer are provided with reserved grouting holes for coordinating the supporting function of the structure, concrete is poured through the reserved grouting holes, the bearing capacity of the lining structure is enhanced, and the load of the primary supporting structure layer and the load of the secondary lining supporting structure layer are shared.
The secondary lining supporting structure layer is of a pouring type reinforced concrete structure.
The concrete material poured in the later stage of the deformation coordination sensing layer is a light high-strength concrete material with a self-compaction characteristic.
The primary support structure layer can adopt a conventional anchor net-jet support structure form.
Before the design strength of the secondary lining structural layer is not reached, the deformation coordination sensing layer mainly has the function of providing a deformation space for a primary support structural layer; after the design strength of the secondary lining structural layer is achieved, when the deformation of the primary support structural layer tends to be stable and does not exceed the bearing range of the primary support structural layer, the function of the deformation coordination sensing layer is still mainly based on the deformation space provided by the primary support structure; and if the deformation of the primary support structure layer is continuously increased and the bearing capacity of the primary support structure layer cannot be met, or the secondary lining structure layer cannot meet the safety requirement, or the thickness of the deformation coordination sensing layer reaches a preset minimum value, pouring concrete on the deformation coordination sensing layer to form the bearing structure layer.
After the deformation coordination sensing layer of the tunnel is converted into the bearing structure layer, the intelligent sensing system mainly acquires sensing information for real-time data acquisition of the stress and deformation conditions of the self structure of the deformation coordination sensing layer, and provides data for judging the overall safety state of the tunnel structure and data support for tunnel maintenance management by acquiring and analyzing the data and judging the safety state of the deformation coordination sensing layer.
The invention has the following technical effects: the invention relates to an intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system, wherein the outermost side in the radial direction is a primary supporting structure layer, the middle part is a deformation coordination perception layer, the innermost side is a secondary lining supporting structure layer, and the deformation coordination perception layer is the core of the intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure and is a layer for acquiring stress information of the tunnel lining supporting structure, providing deformation for the primary supporting structure and adjusting the bearing of each layer of supporting structure; the method has the functions of coordinating deformation (non-bearing), bearing and maintaining and reinforcing the tunnel in the operation period.
The invention has the following characteristics: 1. the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system has the functions of sensing the structural condition of the whole life cycle of a tunnel, coordinating the deformation of a lining structure and regulating and controlling the bearing, and realizes the intellectualization, the controllability and the informatization of the tunnel lining supporting structure. 2. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system can monitor the deformation and bearing conditions of a primary tunnel supporting structure layer and a secondary tunnel lining supporting structure layer in real time through a tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer and judge in real time, and real-time monitoring of the safety condition of the tunnel structure is achieved. 3. The intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system can coordinate and control the deformation and bearing proportion of a primary tunnel supporting structure layer and a secondary tunnel lining supporting structure layer by arranging a tunnel deformation coordination perception layer, and the coordination and the control can be preset in a design stage and can be adjusted and controlled after tunnel construction. 4. The intelligent sensing system can provide complete monitoring information of the lining supporting structure for tunnel operation maintenance and data support for tunnel operation maintenance management decisions; the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer can be used as a tunnel reinforcing layer in the tunnel operation period to supplement and increase the structural strength of the tunnel lining.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a smart sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system embodying the present invention.
The reference numbers are listed below: 1-primary support structure layer; 2-deformation coordination perception layer; 3-secondary lining support structure layer; 4-buffering the coordinated deformation structure; 5-a test instrument; 6-reserving grouting holes; 7-tunnel centerline; 8, tunnel surrounding rock; 9-system anchor rod; 10-arch shoulders of the secondary lining support structure layer; 11-vault of secondary lining support structure layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing (fig. 1).
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a smart sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system embodying the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system has a sensing layer 2 for coordinating deformation along the radial direction between a primary supporting structure layer 1 and a secondary lining supporting structure layer 3. The deformation coordination sensing layer 2 comprises a plurality of buffer coordination deformation structures 4 distributed along the circumferential direction, the buffer coordination deformation structures 4 are embedded between the primary support structure layer 1 and the secondary lining support structure layer 3, and a testing instrument 5 is arranged in the buffer coordination deformation device 4. The testing instrument 5 is connected with a smart sensing system through a wired or wireless transmission device, and the smart sensing system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a structural safety condition judgment module. The data acquisition module acquires data including internal force data and deformation or displacement data of a primary tunnel supporting structure, pressure data between the primary tunnel supporting structure and a secondary tunnel lining supporting structure, internal force data of the secondary tunnel lining supporting structure and shrinkage data of a deformation coordination sensing layer of the tunnel; the data analysis module is combined with deformation or displacement data of the primary tunnel supporting structure, or measures and controls the appearance of the primary tunnel supporting structure by using a camera shooting technology, and predicts the deformation state and the trend of the primary tunnel supporting structure; and the structural safety condition judging module judges the safety state of each layer of lining supporting structure of the tunnel according to the index parameters and the material parameters of each structural layer of the tunnel and the test data. The test instrument 5 includes a stress test, a strain or displacement test, and an image test.
When the primary supporting structure layer 1 and the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3 can meet the safety requirement of the tunnel structure, the tunnel load is mainly borne by the primary supporting structure layer and the secondary lining supporting structure layer, and the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 serves as a tunnel lining structure safety state information sensing layer to monitor the safety state of the tunnel in real time and provide a deformation space for the deformation of the primary supporting structure of the tunnel; when the deformation rate of the primary supporting structure layer 1 is accelerated, or the primary supporting structure layer does not tend to be stable, or the lining supporting structure layer is unstable, or the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3 is loaded beyond a certain range and cannot meet the safety requirement, the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 is converted into a tunnel bearing structure layer by pouring cement slurry or concrete materials through the reserved grouting holes 6, participates in tunnel bearing, and shares the loads of the primary supporting structure layer 1 and the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3, so that the safety of the tunnel structure is guaranteed. The arch shoulder 10 and the arch crown 11 of the secondary lining supporting structure layer are provided with reserved grouting holes 6 for coordinating the supporting function of the structure, the reserved grouting holes 6 are communicated with the deformation coordination sensing layer 2, concrete is poured through the reserved grouting holes 6, the bearing capacity of the lining structure is enhanced, and the load of a primary tunnel supporting structure and the load of a secondary tunnel lining supporting structure are shared. The concrete material is a light high-strength concrete material with self-compaction characteristic. The primary support structure layer 1 can adopt a conventional anchor net-jet support structure form. And a system anchor rod 9 is constructed in the tunnel surrounding rock 8.
Wisdom perception type tunnel lining supporting construction system, including tunnel primary support structural layer 1, tunnel deformation coordination perception layer 2 and tunnel secondary lining supporting structural layer 3, tunnel deformation coordination perception layer 2 mainly by the buffering coordinate deformation structure 4, test instrument 5, reserve grouting hole 6 and later stage concreting (can select according to the circumstances) etc. constitute. The testing instrument 5 pre-buried in the buffer coordination deformation structure of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 has the functions of data acquisition, data analysis, structural safety condition judgment and the like, can monitor the deformation and bearing conditions of the tunnel primary supporting structure layer 1 and the tunnel secondary lining supporting structure layer 3 in real time and judge the deformation and bearing conditions in real time, and realizes the real-time monitoring of the safety condition of the tunnel structure; the method can provide complete monitoring information of the lining supporting structure for tunnel operation and maintenance and provide data support for tunnel operation, maintenance and management decisions.
The buffer coordination deformation structure in the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 can realize pressure transmission between a tunnel primary supporting structure and a tunnel secondary lining supporting structure, can provide a deformation space for deformation of the tunnel primary supporting structure, and can be converted into a skeleton structure of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer after the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer bears the load to bear the load. The testing instrument or device of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer includes but is not limited to stress, strain (or displacement) and image test, and the data transmission can be connected with the intelligent sensing system by adopting a wired or wireless transmission testing device. In the wisdom perception type tunnel lining supporting construction, if tunnel primary support structural layer and tunnel secondary lining supporting structural layer can satisfy tunnel structure safety needs time, the tunnel load mainly is born by these two-layer, and tunnel deformation coordination perception layer only is as tunnel lining structure safety state information perception layer, carries out real time monitoring to tunnel safety state. After the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel is converted into a bearing structure layer, the intelligent sensing system mainly acquires sensing information for real-time data acquisition of the stress and deformation conditions of the self structure of the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel, judges the safety state of the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 by data acquisition and analysis, provides data for judging the whole safety state of the tunnel lining supporting structure and provides data support for tunnel maintenance management.
And (3) calculating the loads respectively borne by the three layers of structures of the intelligent perception type tunnel lining support:
(1) and determining the load F of the tunnel lining structure according to the geological conditions of the tunnel engineering.
(2) According to the specification of tunnel design specifications, determining the load sharing proportion of a primary tunnel supporting structure and a secondary tunnel lining supporting structure, and determining F1 and F3, wherein F1+ F3 is F; and determining the thicknesses H1 and H3 of the primary tunnel supporting structure and the secondary tunnel lining supporting structure.
(3) And (3) determining a potential deformation coordination range (load variation range) F13 or S13 of the primary supporting structure and the tunnel secondary lining supporting structure by considering the actual construction condition of the tunnel engineering and the load variation range of the tunnel lining supporting structure.
(4) Determining potential reserved bearing F2 of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 and a corresponding minimum layer thickness S2 according to the geological characteristics of tunnel engineering and the safety risk condition of the tunnel engineering; the explicit tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 is designed to have a thickness of H2(H2 > S2+ S13).
(5) And determining deformation coordination deformation structure parameters and displacement, a stress testing instrument and an index range according to the design thickness of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer and the preset load value of each supporting layer.
(6) Reserved grouting holes 6 for coordinating the supporting function of the structure are formed in the arch shoulders and the arch crown of the tunnel secondary lining supporting structure layer, concrete is poured through the reserved grouting holes 6, the bearing capacity of the lining structure is enhanced, and loads of a tunnel primary supporting structure and a tunnel secondary lining supporting structure are shared.
A design method of an intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system comprises the following steps: the primary lining support structure layer comprises a primary support structure layer 1, a deformation coordination sensing layer 2 and a secondary lining support structure layer 3. Firstly, the outer side of the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure along the radial direction is a primary supporting structure layer 1, the middle is a deformation coordination sensing layer 2, and the inner side is a secondary lining supporting structure layer 3. The primary supporting structure layer 1 mainly has the functions of: the method realizes the quick sealing and supporting of the excavated exposed surrounding rock under the established tunnel construction method, and ensures the tunnel engineering safety before the secondary lining construction is finished. The deformation coordination sensing layer 2 is the core of the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure and is a layer for acquiring stress information of the tunnel lining supporting structure, providing deformation for the primary supporting structure and adjusting the bearing of each layer of supporting structure; the method has the functions of coordinating deformation (non-bearing), bearing and maintaining and reinforcing the tunnel in the operation period. And fourthly, the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3 is a fulcrum of the tunnel lining supporting structure, provides support for the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 and is also a main bearing structure layer of the tunnel. The intelligent sensing system is the brain of the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining support structure system and is responsible for real-time testing, acquisition and analysis of the lining structure data of the whole life cycle of the tunnel; judging the structural safety state of the primary supporting structure layer 1 and the stress state of the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3; and determining the functional attribute of the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel according to the index parameters of the primary tunnel supporting structure layer 1 and the secondary tunnel lining structure layer 3 and the deformation coordination control principle.
The buffer coordination deformation structure 4 in the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 (has the functions of increasing resistance, limiting variation and protecting a testing instrument, and can consider an arc structure), according to the bearing design and the construction requirements of the primary support structure layer 1 of the tunnel and the secondary lining support structure layer 3 of the tunnel, the pressure transmission between the primary support structure of the tunnel and the secondary lining support structure of the tunnel can be realized, a deformation space can be provided for the deformation of the primary support structure of the tunnel, and meanwhile, the buffer coordination deformation structure can be converted into a skeleton structure of the tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 after the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel bears the load; the testing instrument 5 in the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel comprises but is not limited to stress, strain (or displacement) and image testing, and data transmission can be connected with the intelligent sensing system by adopting a wired or wireless transmission testing device; and thirdly, the concrete material poured in the later stage of the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel is a light high-strength concrete material with self-compaction characteristic.
The design method of the intelligent perception type tunnel lining supporting structure system comprises the following steps: the primary support structure layer 1 of the tunnel, the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel and the secondary lining support structure layer 3 of the tunnel in the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining support structure system can coordinate deformation and stress and can also be jointly loaded; the relation change of the primary support structure layer 1 of the tunnel, the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel and the secondary lining support structure layer 3 of the tunnel is mainly realized by adjusting and controlling the function of the deformation coordination sensing layer 2 of the tunnel; the function of the adjusting and controlling deformation coordination sensing layer 2 is determined by the structural safety conditions of the primary tunnel supporting structure layer 1 and the secondary tunnel lining supporting structure layer 3; and fourthly, determining the structural safety conditions of the primary tunnel supporting structure layer 1 and the secondary tunnel lining supporting structure layer 3 according to relevant regulations or theories according to the relationship between structural strength and structural load or the total structural deformation displacement. The specific design index parameters of a tunnel primary support structure layer 1, a tunnel deformation coordination sensing layer 2 and a tunnel secondary lining support structure layer 3 in the intelligent sensing type tunnel lining support structure are determined according to the actual engineering situation. The concrete of the secondary lining supporting structure layer 3 is preferably high-grade concrete.
It is pointed out here that the above description is helpful for the person skilled in the art to understand the invention, but does not limit the scope of protection of the invention. Any such equivalents, modifications and/or omissions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention may be resorted to.
Claims (7)
1. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system is characterized by comprising a deformation coordination sensing layer positioned between a primary supporting structure layer and a secondary lining supporting structure layer along the radial direction;
the deformation coordination sensing layer comprises a plurality of buffer coordination deformation structures distributed along the circumferential direction, the buffer coordination deformation structures are embedded between the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer, and a test instrument is arranged in each buffer coordination deformation structure;
the testing instrument is connected with the intelligent sensing system through a wired or wireless transmission device, and the intelligent sensing system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a structural safety condition judgment module;
the data acquisition module acquires data including internal force data of a primary support structure layer, deformation or displacement data, pressure data between the primary support structure layer and a secondary lining support structure layer, internal force data of the secondary lining support structure layer and shrinkage data of a deformation coordination sensing layer; the data analysis module is combined with deformation or displacement data of the primary support structure layer or measures and controls the appearance of the primary support structure layer by using a camera shooting technology, and predicts the deformation state and the trend of the primary support structure layer; and the structural safety condition evaluation module realizes the evaluation of the safety state of the tunnel structure according to the index parameters, the material parameters and the test data of each structural layer of the tunnel.
2. The intelligent sensing tunnel lining support structure system of claim 1, wherein the testing instruments include stress testing, strain or displacement testing, and image testing.
3. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system according to claim 1, wherein the arch shoulders and the arch crown of the secondary lining supporting structure layer are provided with reserved grouting holes for coordinating the supporting function of the structure, and the reserved grouting holes are communicated with the deformation coordination sensing layer.
4. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system according to claim 3, wherein when the primary supporting structure layer and the secondary supporting structure layer can meet the safety requirement of the tunnel structure, the tunnel load is mainly borne by the primary supporting structure layer and the secondary supporting structure layer, and the deformation coordination sensing layer is used as a tunnel structure safety state information sensing layer for monitoring the safety state of the tunnel in real time and providing a deformation space for the deformation of the primary supporting structure layer; when the deformation rate of the primary support structure layer is accelerated, or the primary support structure layer does not tend to be stable, or the secondary lining support structure layer is unstable, or the secondary lining support structure layer is supported beyond a certain range and cannot meet the safety requirement, the deformation coordination sensing layer is converted into a tunnel bearing structure layer through pouring cement slurry or concrete materials in the reserved grouting holes, participates in tunnel bearing, shares the loads of the primary support structure layer and the secondary lining support structure layer, and accordingly guarantees the safety of the tunnel structure.
5. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system according to claim 4, wherein the arch shoulders and the arch crown of the secondary lining supporting structure layer are provided with reserved grouting holes for coordinating the supporting function of the structure, concrete is poured through the reserved grouting holes, the bearing capacity of the lining structure is enhanced, and the loads of the primary supporting structure layer and the secondary lining supporting structure layer are shared; the concrete material is a light high-strength concrete material with self-compaction characteristic.
6. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system of claim 5, wherein before the design strength of the secondary lining supporting structure layer is not reached, the function of the deformation coordination sensing layer is mainly to provide a deformation space for the primary supporting structure layer; after the design strength of the secondary lining support structure layer is achieved, when the deformation of the primary support structure layer tends to be stable and does not exceed the bearing range of the primary support structure layer, the function of the deformation coordination sensing layer is still mainly based on the deformation space provided by the primary support structure layer; and if the deformation of the primary support structure layer is continuously increased and the bearing capacity of the primary support structure layer cannot be met, or the secondary lining support structure layer cannot meet the safety requirement, or the thickness of the deformation coordination sensing layer reaches a preset minimum value, pouring concrete on the deformation coordination sensing layer to form the bearing structure layer.
7. The intelligent sensing type tunnel lining supporting structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the deformation coordination sensing layer of the tunnel is converted into the bearing structure layer, the intelligent sensing system mainly collects real-time data of the stress and deformation conditions of the deformation coordination sensing layer, and judges the safety state of the deformation coordination sensing layer through data collection and analysis, so as to provide data for judging the whole safety state of the tunnel structure and provide data support for tunnel maintenance management.
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| CN111271108B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-07-06 | 防灾科技学院 | Anchor rod cable series-parallel coordination support system capable of realizing load transfer |
| CN111691918A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-22 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Tunnel energy dissipation damping device |
| CN111691901A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-22 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Energy dissipation and shock absorption method for tunnel |
| CN113153352B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-12-06 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队 | Underground structure capable of preventing deformation of goaf and construction method |
| CN113432769B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-01-20 | 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 | Contact load testing device and method for tunnel lining and supporting structure |
| CN116906125B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-29 | 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 | Soft rock tunnel safety monitoring method and system based on data synchronous transmission algorithm |
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| JP2016183516A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-20 | 大成建設株式会社 | Tunnel structure and tunnel construction method |
| JP6045739B1 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-12-14 | 東急建設株式会社 | Tunnel waterproof sheet and tunnel waterproof structure |
| CN105673079B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-12-22 | 盐城三山道路设施有限公司 | A kind of bridge tunnel monitoring early-warning device |
| CN105937399A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Coordination deformation support system suitable for soft-rock large-deformation tunnel, and support method of support system |
| CN206035499U (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-03-22 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Adaptable shield tunnel structure of damping shock insulation |
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