CN109704620B - Concrete admixture suitable for cold and dry environment and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Concrete admixture suitable for cold and dry environment and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a concrete admixture suitable for a cold and dry environment, and a preparation method and application thereof. The concrete mineral admixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of tuff powder, 5-16 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 0-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The concrete admixture of the invention is simple and convenient to apply, can replace the traditional mineral admixture, saves the cement consumption of concrete, and improves the concrete mixture and the hardening performance. In a cold and dry environment, the concrete has the functions of internal curing and air entraining of the concrete, the crack resistance, the frost resistance and the like of the cement concrete are improved, and the long-term durability of the concrete is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, civil engineering, traffic engineering and the like, in particular to a novel concrete admixture suitable for a cold dry environment and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Cement concrete has the engineering attributes of ready availability, versatility, adaptability, relative economy, and the availability of a variety of structural styles, and has become the most popular structural material for use worldwide. At present, in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, civil engineering and traffic, the working environment of a cement concrete structure is more and more severe, and the requirements on the early and long-term durability of the cement concrete structure are more and more high, such as frost resistance, crack resistance and the like. Meanwhile, the strength of modern concrete is usually higher, and the fineness of cement is thinner and thinner, so that the shrinkage of the concrete is increased, the brittleness is improved, cracks are easy to initiate, and once the cracks are formed, the durability of the concrete structure is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is a focus of research to improve the workability of concrete and the durability of concrete.
In modern concrete, mineral admixtures subjected to certain quality control have become one of the indispensable components. The mineral admixture is mostly industrial waste, comprises fly ash, slag powder, silicon powder, phosphorus slag powder, steel slag powder and the like, is applied to concrete instead of cement, can reduce engineering cost, improves the performance and durability of concrete mixture and the like, and has remarkable technical, economic and social benefits. Meanwhile, in order to improve the cracking resistance and the freezing resistance of the concrete, chemical additives with different functions, such as an antifreeze agent, an air entraining agent, an anti-seepage and anti-cracking agent, an internal curing agent or a water-retaining agent, and the like, are also added into the concrete.
At present, mineral admixtures are widely applied to cement concrete in water conservancy and hydropower, civil engineering and traffic engineering. However, the existing mineral admixture has certain disadvantages:
(1) fly ash, slag powder and the like are traditional high-quality mineral admixtures, but the traditional resources are in short supply at present, and long-distance transportation is probably needed to transport the materials to the engineering sites along with the engineering development and construction of remote zones, so that the engineering cost is greatly increased. The development of other novel admixtures according to local conditions has become a necessary trend for the development of cement concrete admixtures.
(2) The existing mineral admixture is not suitable for cold and dry environments, and in order to prolong the service life of concrete engineering in the cold and dry environments, various technical means are usually used, including the steps of adding various functional additives (an antifreeze agent, an air entraining agent and an internal curing agent) inside, adopting measures of heat preservation, moisture preservation and maintenance outside the structure and the like, the more technical links are, the more complex the construction procedure is, the greater the quality control difficulty is, and even the progress of engineering construction is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a concrete admixture suitable for a cold and dry environment and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation process and the use method of the concrete admixture are simple and convenient, can replace the traditional mineral admixture, save the cement consumption of concrete, and improve the concrete mixture and the hardening performance; the concrete has the functions of internal curing and air entraining of the concrete, can improve the crack resistance, frost resistance and the like of the cement concrete, and greatly improves the long-term durability of the concrete.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of tuff powder, 5-16 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 0-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the specific surface area of the tuff powder is 300m2/kg～800m2/kg of natural pozzolanic material, wherein the total content of silica, alumina and iron oxide must not be less than 70%.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the tuff powder is prepared by grinding tuff ore to fineness (more than 45 mu m square hole sieve), activity index (28d) is more than or equal to 60%, water demand ratio is less than or equal to 115%, ignition loss is less than or equal to 10.0%, water content is less than or equal to 1.0%, and sulfur trioxide is less than or equal to 4.0%.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the sodium polyacrylate is water-soluble high molecular compound powder, and the fineness of the sodium polyacrylate is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
The invention provides a preparation method of a concrete admixture suitable for a cold dry environment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) grinding tuff ore into specific surface area of 300m2/kg～800m2Powder with fineness (left screen of 45 mu m square hole sieve) less than or equal to 25.0 percent is/kg; the total content of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and ferric oxide in the tuff is not less than 70%, the activity index (28d) is more than or equal to 60%, the water demand ratio is less than or equal to 115%, the ignition loss is less than or equal to 10.0%, the water content is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the sulfur trioxide is less than or equal to 4.0%;
(2) weighing 60-90 parts by weight of the tuff powder in the step (1), and respectively weighing 5-16 parts by weight of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts by weight of calcium formate, 1-5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate and 0-0.4 part by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, wherein the sodium polyacrylate is water-soluble high molecular compound powder, and the fineness of the sodium polyacrylate is more than or equal to 200 meshes; the raw materials are uniformly mixed to prepare the powdery concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment, and the admixture is stored in the dry environment to avoid being affected with damp or conglomerated.
The invention provides an application of a concrete admixture suitable for a cold dry environment, which is characterized in that: the concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment is added into a concrete raw material according to the proportion of 10-50% of the total mass of the concrete cementing material and stirred to prepare the concrete.
The preferred technical scheme of the invention comprises the following specific doping steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment with cement to prepare a gel material, wherein the addition amount of the gel material is 10-50% of the total mass of the gel material;
(2) then the concrete raw materials are put into a stirrer in sequence according to the following sequence: stone → the gelled material prepared in the step (1 → sand → water in which a water reducing agent is dissolved; starting the stirrer to stir for 3-5 min;
(3) and unloading the mixed concrete mixture on a steel plate, scraping the mixture adhered to the stirrer, and manually turning the mixture for 2 to 3 times to uniformly prepare the concrete mixed material.
The tuff powder meets the requirements related to DL/T5273-2012 technical Specification for hydraulic concrete blended natural pozzolanic materials, the requirement on stability (boiling method) is qualified, and the requirement on pozzolanic activity is qualified.
The tuff powder belongs to a natural pozzolanic material, and has a specific surface area of 400m2/kg～800m2The volcanic ash activity is low, nucleation points of cement hydration products are provided in the early stage and participate in secondary hydration reaction in the later stage in cement concrete, but the reaction degree is small; the light-burned magnesia powder is used in cement concrete, has the function of delayed micro-expansion, can reduce the shrinkage deformation of the concrete and improve the crack resistance of the concrete; the calcium formate powder has an activating effect, promotes the crystal growth of the novel admixture in concrete, and avoids the problems of overlong setting time, overlow early strength and the like of cement concrete; the sodium polyacrylate is water soluble polymer powder with fineness of 200 meshes or more, and has high water absorption rate and water retentionThe characteristic of post-swelling is that the cement concrete can be uniformly dispersed, and the internal water can be kept from losing.
In a dry environment, the absorbed water is released continuously, so that the cement is hydrated continuously to play a role in internal curing, and after the water is released, the left micropores are beneficial to the frost resistance and heat preservation of the concrete; polyvinyl alcohol powder, which has the function of stabilizing bubbles and preventing bubbles from escaping; the sodium lignosulfonate powder has good diffusion performance and has the effects of reducing water and increasing fluidity in cement concrete; the sodium dodecyl sulfate powder has the functions of introducing air into the cement concrete and uniformly dispersing and refining bubbles (including water bubbles introduced by sodium polyacrylate).
The concrete admixture is a powdery material which can be used after being uniformly mixed, and when the admixture is used in cement concrete, the admixture is firstly uniformly mixed with cement in advance, and then is sequentially added into a mixer with other raw materials to be mixed into cement concrete mixture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the development and application of the mineral admixture can relieve the problem of short supply of the traditional mineral admixture, fully utilize local resources (Yunnan, Tibet and the like) of engineering, reduce the engineering cost, exert the performance advantages of internal maintenance and frost resistance of the mineral admixture, and improve the long-term durability of concrete in a cold and dry environment.
(2) The admixture prepared by the invention has the compound functions of concrete internal curing and air entraining besides reducing the cement consumption, can replace the independent traditional mineral admixture, internal curing agent and air entraining agent, reduces the purchasing link of raw materials and simplifies the construction procedure.
(3) The admixture prepared by the invention has an air entraining function, but the air entraining principle is different from that of the traditional air entraining agent, and by introducing uniformly dispersed micro water bubbles into the concrete and combining the slow release action and the shrinkage reducing principle, the drying shrinkage deformation of the concrete in the plasticity stage is reduced, and the cement hydration process is prolonged; after the concrete is hardened, the water inside the bubbles is gradually consumed, leaving behind stably dispersed bubbles.
The preparation process and the use method of the admixture are simple and convenient, can replace the traditional mineral admixture, save the cement consumption of concrete, and improve the concrete mixture and the hardening performance. In a cold and dry environment, the concrete has the functions of internal curing and air entraining of the concrete, the crack resistance, the frost resistance and the like of the cement concrete are improved, and the long-term durability of the concrete is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the compressive strength of six groups of concrete in the example;
FIG. 2 is a concrete autogenous volume deformation curve in the example;
FIG. 3 is a CT tomographic photograph of an X2 concrete specimen after incorporating a concrete admixture prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a CT tomographic photograph of an X3 concrete specimen after incorporating a concrete admixture prepared according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a CT tomography photograph of a single-doped tuff powder X5 concrete specimen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of tuff powder, 5-16 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 0-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The specific surface area of the tuff powder is 400m2/kg～800m2The material/kg of natural pozzolanic material meets the relevant requirements of DL/T5273-2012 technical Specification for hydraulic concrete blended with natural pozzolanic material, and mainly comprises the following components: the total content of the silicon oxide, the aluminum oxide and the ferric oxide is not less than 70 percent, the fineness (the screen residue of a square-hole sieve with the diameter of 45 mu m) is less than or equal to 25.0 percent, the activity index (28d) is more than or equal to 60 percent, the water requirement ratio is less than or equal to 115 percent, the ignition loss is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the sulfur trioxide is less than or equal to 4.0 percent, the stability (boiling method) is qualified, and the activity. The sodium polyacrylate is water-soluble high molecular compound powder, and the fineness of the sodium polyacrylate is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
Example 1: a certain water powerThe project is located in the south of the Tibet, the altitude is 3500km, the climate is cold and dry in winter, the freezing and thawing cycle of the concrete is frequent, and the normal concrete with the design index of C25W8F200 needs to be prepared. The local tuff is rich in mineral products, belongs to black green metamorphic plagioclase basalt crystalline debris tuff, and has the total content of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide of 87.6 percent. After grinding, the apparent density of the powder is 2800kg/m3The fineness is 16%, the water demand is 101%, the loss on ignition is 2, 2%, the water content is 0.2%, the activity index is 61.5%, the stability (boiling method) is qualified, and the volcanic ash activity is qualified.
The tuff powder has low activity index, and can obviously reduce the strength of concrete and increase the shrinkage deformation when being used as a mineral admixture for the concrete alone, thereby easily causing the cracking of a concrete structure. Thus, a concrete admixture suitable for use in cold dry environments was prepared as follows:
(1) grinding tuff ore into uniform fine powder with specific surface area of 600m2The concrete admixture is prepared by taking 75 parts of water conservancy project concrete (DL/T5273-2012 technical Specification for water conservancy project concrete blended with natural pozzolanic materials) by weight per kg and 61 percent of activity index;
(2) 9.3 parts of I type magnesium oxide expanding agent with the activity reaction time of 105s (DL/T5296-2013 technical Specification for magnesium oxide doped in hydraulic concrete);
(3) calcium formate, sodium polyacrylate (fineness 200 meshes), polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignin sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate are chemical powder, and 6.5 parts, 2.5 parts, 5 parts, 1.5 parts and 0.2 part are taken respectively;
(4) the above powders are stirred uniformly by mechanical mixing to prepare a concrete admixture A suitable for cold dry environment, and the admixture is stored in a dry state and protected from moisture during storage.
Example 2: meanwhile, the concrete admixture B suitable for a cold dry environment is prepared by using the tuff powder of the embodiment 1 and adjusting the raw material ratio, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
(1) grinding tuff ore into fine powder with specific surface area of 550m2Taking 70 parts of per kilogram;
(2) 11 parts of I type magnesium oxide expanding agent with the activity reaction time of 105s (DL/T5296-2013 technical Specification for adding magnesium oxide into hydraulic concrete);
(3) calcium formate, sodium polyacrylate (fineness 200 meshes), polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignin sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate are chemical powder, and 8.0 parts, 3.0 parts, 5.75 parts, 2.0 parts and 0.25 part are taken respectively;
(4) the above powders are stirred uniformly by mechanical mixing to prepare a concrete admixture B suitable for cold dry environment, and the admixture B is stored in a dry manner and protected from moisture during storage.
Six pairs of comparative concrete were prepared with the following material amounts in table 1, No. X0 being a plain concrete (no mineral admixture), nos. X1, X2 using admixture a prepared in example 1, No. X3 using admixture B prepared in example 2, and nos. X4, X5 using the tuff powder admixture protocol incorporating the zone alone. Wherein the dosage of the water reducing agent is 0.7 percent of the dosage of the cementing material.
TABLE 1 dosage of concrete raw materials
Weighing various raw materials of the concrete with the numbers of X0-X5 respectively, wherein the admixture and the cement are stirred uniformly in advance. And (3) sequentially adding the weighed stone material, cement, admixture, sand material and water (the water reducing agent is dissolved in water firstly) into a stirrer, starting the stirrer to stir for 5min (the numbers are X1-X3) and 2 min-3 min (the numbers are X0, X4 and X5) to respectively obtain a cement concrete mixture.
According to DL/T5330-2015 'design rule for hydraulic concrete mixing proportion', the concrete preparation strength is calculated according to the following formula:
fcu,0＝fcu,k+tσ
in the formula: f. ofcu,0-concrete formulation strength, MPa;
fcu,kconcrete design age cube compression strength standard value, Mpa；
t is probability coefficient, selected by given guarantee rate P;
sigma-standard deviation of compressive strength of concrete cube, Mpa.
According to the above formula, when the concrete strength securing rate is 85%, the probability coefficient t is 1.04 and the standard deviation σ is 4.0, and therefore, the formulation strength of the C25 concrete is 29.0 Mpa.
The concrete mixture and the hardened concrete were tested for their performance as specified in DL/T5150-2001, test procedures for Hydraulic concrete, and the results are shown in Table 2 and a bar chart for compressive strength is shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 2 concrete Performance test results
The test results as shown in table 1 and fig. 1 indicate that:
the blank concrete with the number X0 has the maximum cement consumption (278 kg/m)3) The mixture is relatively cohesive and uniform, the initial slump reaches 70mm, but the loss after 0.5h is relatively quick, so that the field construction is not facilitated; the compressive strength is higher than that of other groups of concrete, the design requirement of C25 is met, and the anti-permeability and anti-freezing grades respectively reach W8 and F200.
When 30% and 45% of admixture A prepared in example 1 was mixed, the concrete Nos. X1 and X2 saved the cement by 83kg/m3、125kg/m3Although the initial slump is low, the mixture has good cohesiveness and is easy to mix, form and construct, the slump and the gas content loss after 0.5h are small, and the gas content is more than 3.5 percent. The concrete compressive strength is slightly lower than that of X0 hollow concrete, the design requirement of C25 is met, the durability is good, and the anti-permeability and anti-freezing grades respectively reach W8 and F200.
When 30% of admixture B prepared in example 2 was mixed, the concrete No. X3 saved the cement 83kg/m3The mixture has good cohesiveness, is easy to mix, form and construct, and has less slump and air content loss after 0.5h, and the air content is more than 3.5 percent. The concrete compressive strength is equivalent to that of X0 hollow concrete, and meets the requirements of C25The durability is good, and the impervious and frost-resistant grades respectively reach W8 and F200.
When 30% and 45% of single-doped tuff powder are compared, the slump of the newly-mixed concrete with the numbers of X4 and X5 is 40-50 mm, the air content is low, the loss is quick after 0.5h, the mixture is not agglomerated, and the gap defect is easily generated during construction; so that the frost resistance grade of the concrete 28d is only F150, and the design requirement of F200 is not met; the impermeability grade of the X4 concrete 28d is only W7, which does not meet the design requirement of W8; the impermeability grade W8 of X5 concrete 28d just meets the design requirements.
Therefore, the admixture of the invention can obviously improve the performance of concrete mixture (internal curing function) and improve the mechanical property and durability (frost resistance and impermeability) of concrete.
The inventor records the autogenous volume deformation of six groups of concrete, and makes a curve chart of the age of the concrete and the autogenous volume deformation, and the detailed chart is shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the blank concrete of number X0 is in a contracted state, and the contraction value reaches 19 microstrain by 180d age. The single doped tuff powder is used as a blending material, the volume shrinkage tendency of the concrete is increased, when the age is 180d, the shrinkage values of the X4 and X5 concrete reach 30 micro strains and 34 micro strains, and the larger the doping amount of the tuff is, the larger the shrinkage deformation is. The X1 and X2 concrete of the admixture A prepared by the embodiment 1 is in a micro-expansion state in deformation, the expansion value reaches 35 micro strains and 40 micro strains in the age of 180 days, and the expansion trend is more obvious when the mixing amount is larger, so that the anti-cracking capability of the concrete is more favorably improved. The X3 concrete prepared from the admixture B in the embodiment 2 is in a micro-expansion state, and when the concrete is aged to 180 days, the expansion value reaches 47 micro strains, the expansion trend is obvious, and the crack resistance of the concrete is obviously improved.
Three sets of concrete cubic test pieces of X2, X3 and X5 in the embodiment are placed outdoors in the south of Tibet, and X-ray tomography is carried out on the test pieces after one winter, and microscopically CT pictures are respectively shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the X2 concrete with admixture A prepared in example 1 and the X3 concrete with admixture B prepared in example 2 have tiny and uniform dispersion of internal air bubbles, and the test pieces still maintain good durability under dry and cold conditions; as shown in FIG. 4, the X5 concrete sample doped with the single tuff powder has large bubble defects inside, uneven structure and microcracks.
Claims (4)
1. The concrete admixture suitable for the cold and dry environment is characterized by comprising the following substances in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of tuff powder, 5-16 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts of calcium formate, 1-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 0-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate; the specific surface area of the tuff powder is 300m2/kg～800m2Per kg of natural pozzolanic material, wherein the total content of silica, alumina and iron oxide must not be less than 70%;
the sodium polyacrylate is water-soluble high molecular compound powder, and the fineness of the sodium polyacrylate is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
2. A concrete admixture suitable for use in a cold dry environment according to claim 1 wherein: the tuff powder is prepared by grinding tuff ore, wherein the screen residue of a 45-micron square-hole sieve is less than or equal to 25.0 percent, the 28d activity index is more than or equal to 60 percent, the water demand ratio is less than or equal to 115 percent, the loss on ignition is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the sulfur trioxide is less than or equal to 4.0 percent.
3. A method of preparing a concrete admixture suitable for use in a cold dry environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(1) grinding tuff ore into specific surface area of 300m2/kg～800m2Powder with a residue of less than or equal to 25.0 percent of that of a 45 mu m square-hole sieve; the total content of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and ferric oxide in the tuff is not less than 70%, the 28d activity index is not less than 60%, the water demand ratio is not more than 115%, the loss on ignition is not more than 10.0%, the water content is not more than 1.0%, and the sulfur trioxide is not more than 4.0%;
(2) weighing 60-90 parts by weight of the tuff powder in the step (1), and respectively weighing 5-16 parts by weight of light-burned magnesium oxide, 5-15 parts by weight of calcium formate, 1-5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate, 2-8 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate and 0-0.4 part by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, wherein the sodium polyacrylate is water-soluble high molecular compound powder, and the fineness of the sodium polyacrylate is more than or equal to 200 meshes; the raw materials are uniformly mixed to prepare a powdery concrete admixture suitable for a cold dry environment, and the powdery concrete admixture is stored in the dry environment.
4. Use of a concrete admixture as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 adapted for use in a cold dry environment, wherein: (1) uniformly mixing the concrete admixture suitable for the cold dry environment with cement to prepare a gel material, wherein the addition amount of the gel material is 10-50% of the total mass of the gel material;
(2) then the concrete raw materials are put into a stirrer in sequence according to the following sequence: stone → the gelled material prepared in the step (1 → sand → water in which a water reducing agent is dissolved; starting the stirrer to stir for 3-5 min;
(3) and unloading the mixed concrete mixture on a steel plate, scraping the mixture adhered to the stirrer, and manually turning the mixture for 2 to 3 times to uniformly prepare the concrete mixed material.
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| CN111995323B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-05-17 | 余成行 | Concrete with long service life in high-altitude cold region and preparation method thereof |
| CN112321220B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-07-08 | 湖州上建华煜混凝土有限公司 | Anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN116396026A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-07-07 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Preparation method of dam concrete |
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| 超低温环境混凝土研究与应用综述;张楠，李景芳，张志明，谢利红，张涛，廖娟，戢文占，蒋正武;《混凝土》;20121227(第12期);第27-29页 * |
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