CN109699600B - Underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure - Google Patents
Underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109699600B CN109699600B CN201910085672.XA CN201910085672A CN109699600B CN 109699600 B CN109699600 B CN 109699600B CN 201910085672 A CN201910085672 A CN 201910085672A CN 109699600 B CN109699600 B CN 109699600B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure which comprises a U-shaped structure simulating the skin at the ridge of a dolphin and a sawtooth structure simulating a mosquito muzzle, wherein a fish dart comprises a conical body structure at the front end and a cylindrical body structure at the rear end, the sawtooth structure is distributed on the surface of the conical body structure, and the U-shaped structure is distributed on the surface of the cylindrical body structure. According to the invention, a new micro-nano combined structure is formed by combining the bionic dolphin ridge skin microstructure and the mosquito needle microstructure, and is suitable for a fish dart to achieve a good resistance reduction effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bionic micro-nano structures, and particularly relates to an underwater anti-drag bionic micro-nano structure.
Background
At present, China already develops marine economy and builds a strong ocean as an important development strategy. Sailing bodies such as ships and naval vessels play an important role in ocean construction economy and ocean national defense. The running speed and the energy consumption rate of the underwater vehicle are important indexes for evaluating the performance of the underwater vehicle, the running speed determines the performance of the underwater vehicle, and the energy consumption rate determines the cruising ability and the running cost of the underwater vehicle. Besides being related to the efficiency of the engine, the operating speed and the energy consumption rate of the navigation body have the main influence on the running resistance of the navigation body in water.
The energy consumed by the navigation body to overcome the surface friction is also an important part of the energy consumption in the world nowadays, and how to effectively reduce drag becomes a popular field under study today with increasingly scarce resources. Drag reduction of fluids includes streamline drag reduction, surface drag reduction, and the like. The surface drag reduction technology is adopted on the basis of the streamline type modeling drag reduction technology, so that the surface friction resistance can be reduced, and the purpose of saving energy is achieved. As early as the sixties of the last century, developed countries such as America, Su and Germany have started the research of bionic drag reduction technology, and the bionic and biological manufacturing has become an effective means for realizing surface drag reduction.
At present, the bionic surface structure design has achieved a lot of achievements and achieved practical application, the adopted means is mainly to simplify the resistance reduction appearance into continuous grooves for research, but the designed resistance reduction surface still has the problems of poor resistance reduction effect, single structure and the like. And the existing processing methods of the bionic structure are mostly traditional methods such as mechanical processing and surface etching, and have the problems of low processing precision, complex process, easy falling of the coating and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure aiming at the defects in the prior art, wherein the structure is a bionic dolphin ridge skin microstructure and a mosquito mouth needle microstructure, can be used for drag reduction of an underwater navigation body, and has the characteristics of strong practicability, wide application range and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure, micro-nano structure sets up on the surface of fish dart, and the fish dart includes the cone structure of front end and the cylinder structure of rear end, and micro-nano structure includes the U type structure of bionic dolphin ridge skin and the sawtooth structure of bionic mosquito mouth needle, and the sawtooth structure distributes on cone structure surface, and U type structure distributes on cylinder structure surface.
Specifically, the sawtooth structures are distributed at the tip of the cone structure and at the transition region from the cylinder structure to the cone structure.
Furthermore, the sawtooth structures are arranged from one twentieth of the tip of the conical body structure, and account for 1/35-3/35 of the conical body structure.
Furthermore, the width of the sawtooth structure is equal to the pitch value.
Specifically, the U-shaped structure at the tail of the fish dart is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the fish dart and accounts for one fifth of the cylindrical structure.
Furthermore, the U-shaped structures are arranged in parallel along the extending direction, the distance between the U-shaped structures is equal to the width of the U-shaped structures, and the depth of the U-shaped structures is 0.7 times of the width of the U-shaped structures.
Specifically, the U-shaped structure at the middle part of the fish dart transversely distributes along the fish dart, and accounts for four fifths of the cylinder structure.
Furthermore, the U-shaped structures are perpendicular to the extending direction, and the width and the distance of the grooves of the first U-shaped structure after the cylindrical structure is transited to the conical structure are the same; the width and the interval of the first groove of the U-shaped structure close to one twentieth of the tip of the conical body structure are the same, and the interval of the bottom of the later groove is gradually changed according to 0.1-0.2 mm.
Furthermore, the grooves of the first U-shaped structure are distributed according to a width of 0.1mm and a distance of 0.025 mm.
Furthermore, the depth of the grooves which are added after the first U-shaped structure is uniformly changed from 0.025mm to 0.05mm until the width is 0.2mm and the depth is 0.05 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure, the U-shaped structures are distributed on the surface of the cylindrical structure of the fish dart, and the macro-scale eddy formed on the surface of the U-shaped structures continuously transports fluid which generates turbulence out of the viscous bottom layer, so that the surface shear stress is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, and the wall surface friction resistance is reduced.
Furthermore, the saw-tooth structure is arranged on the conical body structure, so that micro-vibration in the advancing direction can be formed when the fluid just starts to flow through the surface of the conical body, and the energy loss during the operation of the model is reduced.
Furthermore, the sawtooth structure accounts for one thirty-fifth of the cone structure, and after micro-vibration is formed when the cone contacts with fluid in the early stage, small vortexes are formed more conveniently by the transverse U-shaped structure behind the sawtooth structure, so that the effect of rolling friction is achieved.
Furthermore, the small transverse U-shaped grooves with proper size are arranged in the middle of the fish dart at a certain interval, so that the flowing small vortex can be locked. The small vortex has rotating vortex energy, and after being blocked by the groove, the small vortex is retained in a proper pit to continue rotating (or not moving) like a miniature hydraulic bearing. Therefore, the model groove can effectively restrain the speed fluctuation near the wall surface, thereby achieving the aim of resistance reduction.
Furthermore, compared with the groove structure which is arranged at intervals periodically, the gradual change pitch arrangement has better resistance reducing characteristic.
Furthermore, for the U-shaped structure, the distribution is 0.7 in depth/width, and the resistance reduction effect is best.
In conclusion, the bionic dolphin ridge skin microstructure and the mosquito mouth needle microstructure form a new micro-nano combined structure through combination of the two microstructures, and the micro-nano combined structure is suitable for fish darts and achieves a good resistance reduction effect.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bionic drag reduction surface microstructure of a sailing body model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a U-shaped structure at the tail of the model of the navigation body.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the middle U-shaped structure of the labeled model a in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sawtooth structure of the model tip and the model transition section marked in FIG. 1 c.
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of d of fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1B-B.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of e of fig. 7.
FIG. 9 is a U-shaped structure labeled with a deformation rule in FIG. 1 b;
fig. 10 is a graph for calculating the velocity distribution of the smooth surface and the composite structure in the water flow field, wherein (a) is the smooth surface, and (b) is the composite structure.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides an underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure, which is formed by compounding two biological micro-nano structures and is arranged on the surface of a common fish dart for drag reduction. The front end part of the common fish dart is in a cone structure and then in a cylinder structure. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure comprises a U-shaped structure and a sawtooth structure, wherein the U-shaped structure refers to a dolphin ridge skin microstructure and is distributed on a cylinder structure of a common fish dart; the sawtooth structure simulates a mosquito needle structure and is distributed at the transition position of the common fish dart from a cylinder to a conical body and the tip of the common fish dart.
The U-shaped structures are distributed at the tail part of the common fish dart longitudinally according to h/s (depth/width) of 0.7, and the tail part accounts for one fifth of the cylindrical structure; the U-shaped structures are transversely distributed in the middle of the common fish dart, and the middle of the U-shaped structures accounts for four fifths of the cylinder structure.
From the afterbody of ordinary fish dart to the front end, the interval between the U type structure reduces step by step, has certain structural change law, and is concrete, at all U type structure grooves of conical body part according to horizontal distribution, the first U type slot that begins from the twentieth position that is close to the pointed end is according to width being 0.1mm apart from being 0.1mm, and the degree of depth is 0.025mm and distributes, increases a plurality of grooves afterwards, and its bottom interval is the gradual change process by 0.1 ~ 0.2mm, and the degree of depth also is evenly changed to 0.05mm by 0.025mm in this process, and the interval is 0.2mm apart from reaching the width, and the degree of depth is 0.05mm and distributes.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, 5 and 6, according to the h/s (depth/width) of 0.7, the width of the U-shaped structures is 0.27mm, all the U-shaped structures are parallel to each other along the extending direction, the spacing between the U-shaped structures is equal to the width of the U-shaped structures, the height of the U-shaped structures is 0.189mm (which is 0.7 times the width), and the arrangement of the U-shaped structures is continuous.
Referring to fig. 3, 7 and 8, all the U-shaped structures are perpendicular to the extending direction, the groove pitch of the U-shaped structures is 0.38mm at the beginning, the groove pitch of the U-shaped structures is equal to the groove width, and the groove depth is 0.1 mm. The last groove is a groove with larger width and is transited to the plane of the flat plate by an inclined plane; after the transition from the cylinder to the cone, the tapered first U-shaped structure grooves are distributed according to the width equal to the distance equal to 0.2mm and the depth equal to 0.05 mm; the first sinusoidal grooves starting from one twentieth of the position close to the tip are distributed according to the width of 0.1mm, the distance of 0.025mm and a plurality of sinusoidal grooves are added, and the distance of the bottom of each sinusoidal groove is gradually changed from 0.1mm to 0.2 mm.
Referring to fig. 4 and 9, the sawtooth structures of the tip of the common fish dart are parallel to each other along the extending direction, the sawtooth structures are arranged from one twentieth of the front end of the common fish dart and occupy one thirty-fifth to three thirty-fifth of the front end part of the common fish dart, because the front end of the common fish dart is in a cone shape, all the sawtooth structures are arranged on a transverse U-shaped structure at intervals and are distributed according to a certain rule, the width and the interval are equal, and the sawtooth structures at the transition section of the common fish dart from a cylinder to a cone are 0.189mm in height, 0.031mm in width and 0.268mm in interval.
Gaps arranged on a straight line are arranged among the sawtooth structures.
Referring to fig. 10, the fluid is moving, and the fish dart is in a static state, and it can be seen that the composite micro-nano structure has a significant effect on the water flow velocity. By contrast, the low velocity fluid domains are much larger in the composite structure than in the smooth plane. The composite structure can greatly reduce the speed of water flow close to the surface of the composite structure, so that the frictional resistance of the water flow to the composite structure is reduced, and the effect of reducing the resistance is achieved.
Take 316L stainless steel as an example. And processing by adopting optical fiber laser with the wavelength of 1070nm to ensure that the processed bionic micro-groove can reach the required structural parameters.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bionical micro-nano structure of drag reduction under water, a serial communication port, micro-nano structure sets up the surface at the dartlike weapon, the dartlike weapon includes the cone structure of front end and the cylinder structure of rear end, micro-nano structure includes the U type structure of bionical dolphin ridge skin and the sawtooth structure of bionical mosquito mouth needle, the sawtooth structure distributes in the tip department of cone structure and by the region of cylinder structure to cone structure transition, U type structure distributes on the surface of cylinder structure, the U type structure of dartlike weapon afterbody is along dartlike weapon longitudinal distribution, account for one fifth of cylinder structure, the U type structure at dartlike weapon middle part is along dartlike weapon transverse distribution, account for four fifths of cylinder structure.
2. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure is characterized in that the sawtooth structure is arranged from one twentieth of the tip of the conical body structure and occupies 1/35-3/35 of the conical body structure.
3. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure of claim 2, wherein the width of the sawtooth structure is equal to the distance value.
4. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure of claim 1, wherein the U-shaped structures are arranged in parallel with each other along the stretching direction, the distance between the U-shaped structures is equal to the width of the U-shaped structures, and the depth of the U-shaped structures is 0.7 times of the width of the U-shaped structures.
5. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the U-shaped structure is perpendicular to the extension direction, and the width and the distance of the groove of the first U-shaped structure after the cylindrical structure is transited to the conical structure are the same; the width and the interval of the first groove of the U-shaped structure close to one twentieth of the tip of the conical body structure are the same, and the interval of the bottom of the later groove is gradually changed according to 0.1-0.2 mm.
6. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure of claim 5, wherein the grooves of the first U-shaped structure are distributed according to the width, the distance, 0.1mm and the depth, 0.025 mm.
7. The underwater drag reduction bionic micro-nano structure of claim 6, wherein the depth of a plurality of grooves added after the first U-shaped structure is uniformly changed from 0.025mm to 0.05mm until the width is 0.2mm and the depth is 0.05 mm.
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| CN110614441B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Laser fine machining method for fluid drag reduction annular structure on metal surface |
| CN114715328B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-02-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Surface drag reduction structure material |
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| CN100457210C (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2009-02-04 | 吉林大学 | Painless syringe |
| US7571564B2 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-08-11 | Kevin Michael Sullivan | Fish harvesting head |
| CN103071210B (en) * | 2013-01-19 | 2016-06-15 | 吉林大学 | A kind of needle point has the syringe needle of bionic form |
| CN104783842A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 山东大学 | Novel anti-drag surface texture biopsy needle |
| CN205181911U (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-27 | 扬州大学 | Infant hangs water needle head based on it is biological bionical |
| CN208159881U (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-30 | 漳州绿樱园林绿化工程有限公司 | A kind of fish boomerang with buffer function |
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