CN109694557A - 一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜及其制备方法。该可降解覆盖膜以重量份计,包含以下组分:可降解材料20~80份,造纸废弃物20~70份,淀粉0~30份,无机矿物质0~20份,助剂2~20份。该制备方法通过将可降解材料、造纸废弃物、淀粉、无机矿物质、助剂混合均匀,挤出造粒,吹膜成型而成功制备出了可降解覆盖膜,显著降低了生产成本;由于采用了造纸废弃物进行改性处理,该可降解覆盖膜在使用过程中具有一定的抑菌性和咖啡香,因此对垃圾填埋场的气味起到了改善作用。总之,本发明所提供的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜及其制备方法有利于环保事业的发展,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于可降解复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,还涉及该可降解覆盖膜的制备方法。
背景技术
随着城市垃圾的日益增多,垃圾处理的难度也越来越大。现有的垃圾处理工艺,通常采用填埋方式实施。在垃圾填埋场中,为了减少垃圾填埋气体无序逸散对空气质量造成不良影响,同时为了减少雨水进入垃圾填埋堆体而增加污水的产生量,这就需要对垃圾堆体的表面进行有效覆盖。
基于环保的标准,对垃圾填埋堆体表面的覆盖标准要求非常高,相关规范也明确要求必须做到垃圾堆体每天进行覆盖。
然而,传统的垃圾填埋堆体覆盖方式是HDPE土工膜双成覆盖,其中,外层土工膜每天重复利用,内层土工膜每天用垃圾直接填埋。中国专利CN207952192U公开了一种用于垃圾填埋场的覆盖膜,该覆盖膜为HDPE土工膜,因此,不能实现降解,从而会对环境产生二次污染。
此外,调查表明,在工业生产过程中,每年得到5000万吨左右的造纸废弃物,但迄今为止,大量的造纸废弃物经简单处理后被直接排入江河或经浓缩后烧掉,很少得到有效地回收利用,因此,既对环境造成了污染,又浪费了大量资源。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的种种技术缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种新的可降解覆盖膜,其特别适用于垃圾填埋场;同时,本发明还提供了一种生产成本较低的制备工艺,以制备出该新的可降解覆盖膜,使得该新的可降解覆盖膜具有优异的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。
具体地,本发明第一方面提供了一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,以重量份计,该可降解覆盖膜包含以下组分:
优选地,所述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜包含以下重量份的组分:
进一步优选地,所述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜包含以下重量份的组分:
优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述可降解材料选自以下任一种或多种:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT),聚乳酸(PLA),聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA),聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA),聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯(PPC)。在此基础上,所述可降解材料进一步优选自以下任一种或多种:PBAT,PLA,PBS;更进一步优选地,所述可降解材料是PBAT或/和PBS。
优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述造纸废弃物选自以下任一种或多种:腐浆,浆渣,木皮,制浆废液提取物,含硅白泥。
并且,所述造纸废弃物的粒径优选为50~5000目,进一步优选为500~3000目,更进一步优选为1000~2000目。
优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述淀粉选自以下任一种或多种:改性或未改性的木薯淀粉,改性或未改性的玉米淀粉,改性或未改性的马铃薯淀粉。例如,所述淀粉可以是阳离子改性木薯淀粉,阴离子改性木薯淀粉,阴离子改性玉米淀粉等。
优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述无机矿物质选自以下任一种或多种:碳酸钙,高岭土,滑石粉,硅藻土。
优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述助剂包含以下组分:相容剂,增塑剂,热稳定剂,抗氧化剂。
进一步优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸,所述增塑剂为柠檬酸酯,所述热稳定剂为硬脂酸钙,所述抗氧化剂为对苯二酚。
进一步优选地,在上述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜中,所述助剂中各组分的重量份分别为:相容剂1~10份,增塑剂1~10份,热稳定剂0.5~5份,抗氧化剂0.5~5份。在此基础上,进一步优选地,所述助剂中各组分的重量份分别为:相容剂2~8份,增塑剂2~8份,热稳定剂1~4份,抗氧化剂1~4份;更进一步优选地,所述助剂中各组分的重量份分别为:相容剂3~6份,增塑剂3~6份,热稳定剂2~3份,抗氧化剂2~3份。
并且,本发明第二方面提供了第一方面所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:将所述可降解材料、所述造纸废弃物、所述淀粉、所述无机矿物质以及所述助剂混合均匀,得到初混料;
S2:将S1中得到的所述初混料加入至双螺杆挤出机中,挤出造粒,制得母粒;
S3:将S2中制得的母粒吹膜成型,制得所述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜。
在上述制备方法中,步骤S1中的混合持续时间为5min~600min,优选为30~350min,更优选为50~250min;步骤S1中所使用的混料机的混料转速为10~2000rpm,优选为50~1200rpm,更优选为100~800rpm;并且,该混料机的混料温度一般设置为10~150℃,优选为30~120℃,更优选为50~100℃。
在上述制备方法中,步骤S2中的挤出造粒条件包括:双螺杆挤出机的一区到六区温度为70~250℃,机头温度为70~250℃,转速为10~1200rpm;优选地,双螺杆挤出机的一区到六区温度为100~200℃,机头温度为120~210℃,转速为50~400rpm;进一步优选地,双螺杆挤出机的一区到六区温度为110~190℃,机头温度为130~190℃,转速为100~300rpm。
在上述制备方法中,步骤S3中的吹膜温度通常设置为100~240℃。
因此,本发明所提供的技术方案至少具备以下有益效果:
①本发明所提供的制备方法通过将可降解材料、造纸废弃物、淀粉、无机矿物质、助剂混合均匀,挤出造粒,吹膜成型而成功制备出了可降解覆盖膜,由于将造纸废弃物、淀粉、无机矿物质添加到了可降解材料里,显著降低了该可降解覆盖膜的生产成本。
②本发明所提供的制备方法能够有效回收利用大量的造纸废弃物,因此既能够有利于保护环境,又能够节约资源。
③本发明所提供的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,由于采用了造纸废弃物进行改性处理,其在使用过程中具有一定的抑菌性和咖啡香,因此对垃圾填埋场的气味起到了改善作用。
综上所述,本发明所提供的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜及其制备方法有利于环保事业的发展,因此具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施方式。
实施例1
一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜A,以重量份计,包含以下组分:
并且,上述配方按照下列步骤进行操作:
(1)把一定量的造纸废弃物干燥后粉碎至1000-2000目。
(2)将上述的造纸废弃物、相容剂、增塑剂、热稳定剂、抗氧化剂与对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物、玉米淀粉、碳酸钙一起置于高速共混机中,于温度80℃,转速200rpm下,混合80min,得到初混物。
(3)将上述初混物置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,一区到六区温度为190℃,195℃,200℃,205℃,205℃,205℃,机头温度205℃,螺杆转速200rpm,制得母粒。
(4)将上述母粒放入吹膜机,吹塑成型,制备出用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜A,检测数据如表1所示。
实施例2
一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜B,以重量份计,包含以下组分:
并且,上述配方按照下列步骤进行操作:
(1)把一定量的造纸废弃物干燥后粉碎至1000-2000目。
(2)将上述的造纸废弃物、相容剂、增塑剂、热稳定剂、抗氧化剂与对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物、玉米淀粉、碳酸钙一起置于高速共混机中,于温度80℃,转速200rpm下,混合80min,得到初混物。
(3)将上述初混物置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,一区到六区温度为190℃,195℃,200℃,205℃,205℃,205℃,机头温度205℃,螺杆转速200rpm,制得母粒。
(4)将上述母粒放入吹膜机,吹塑成型,制备出用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜B,检测数据如表1所示。
实施例3
一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜C,以重量份计,包含以下组分:
并且,上述配方按照下列步骤进行操作:
(1)把一定量的造纸废弃物干燥后粉碎至800-1000目。
(2)将上述的造纸废弃物、相容剂、增塑剂、热稳定剂、抗氧化剂与对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物、玉米淀粉、碳酸钙一起置于高速共混机中,于温度80℃,转速200rpm下,混合120min,得到初混物。
(3)将上述初混物置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,一区到六区温度为190℃,195℃,200℃,205℃,205℃,205℃,机头温度205℃,螺杆转速200rpm,制得母粒。
(4)将上述母粒放入吹膜机,吹塑成型,制备出用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜C,检测数据如表1所示。
对比例
一种普通可降解覆盖膜,以重量份计,包含以下组分:
并且,上述配方按照下列步骤进行操作:
(1)将上述的相容剂、增塑剂、热稳定剂、抗氧化剂与对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物、玉米淀粉、碳酸钙一起置于高速共混机中,于温度80℃,转速200rpm下,混合80min,得到初混物。
(2)将上述初混物置于双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,一区到六区温度为190℃,195℃,200℃,205℃,205℃,205℃,机头温度205℃,螺杆转速200rpm,制得母粒。
(3)将上述母粒放入吹膜机,吹塑成型,制备出普通可降解覆盖膜,检测数据如表1所示。
应用实施例
发明人采用万能电子拉力试验机(KY8000C型)按照标准(GB/T1040.2-2006)方法对实施例1-3和对比例中制得的可降解覆盖膜进行性能检测,具体检测数据如下表1所示:
表1拉伸强度与断裂伸长率的检测结果
样品 | 拉伸强度/MPa | 断裂伸长率/% |
可降解覆盖膜A | 28.5 | 198.4 |
可降解覆盖膜B | 29.6 | 186.7 |
可降解覆盖膜C | 29.1 | 192.5 |
对比例中的可降解覆盖膜 | 21.3 | 216.5 |
由此可见,依据实施例1-3制得的可降解覆盖膜A~C适用于垃圾填埋场,能满足使用要求;而且,可降解覆盖膜A~C的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率均优于对比例中的可降解覆盖膜。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,以重量份计,包含以下组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述可降解材料选自以下任一种或多种:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/己二酸丁二醇酯的共聚物,聚乳酸,聚羟基脂肪酸酯,聚己二酸丁二醇酯,聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述造纸废弃物选自以下任一种或多种:腐浆,浆渣,木皮,制浆废液提取物,含硅白泥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述造纸废弃物的粒径为50~5000目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述淀粉选自以下任一种或多种:改性或未改性的木薯淀粉,改性或未改性的玉米淀粉,改性或未改性的马铃薯淀粉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述无机矿物质选自以下任一种或多种:碳酸钙,高岭土,滑石粉,硅藻土。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述助剂包含以下组分:相容剂,增塑剂,热稳定剂,抗氧化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸,所述增塑剂为柠檬酸酯,所述热稳定剂为硬脂酸钙,所述抗氧化剂为对苯二酚。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜,其特征在于,所述助剂中各组分的重量份分别为:相容剂1~10份,增塑剂1~10份,热稳定剂0.5~5份,抗氧化剂0.5~5份。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将所述可降解材料、所述造纸废弃物、所述淀粉、所述无机矿物质以及所述助剂混合均匀,得到初混料;
S2:将S1中得到的所述初混料加入至双螺杆挤出机中,挤出造粒,制得母粒;
S3:将S2中制得的母粒吹膜成型,制得所述用于垃圾填埋场的可降解覆盖膜。
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