CN109694382B - Method for preparing arylboronic acid ester at room temperature - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing arylboronic acid ester shown in formula I at room temperature, which comprises the steps of reacting a diboron compound shown in formula II with an aryl halide in an organic solvent for 0.5-8 hours at room temperature under the action of alkali and chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) as a catalyst and a 2-dicyclohexylphosphorus-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl ligand, and carrying out aftertreatment to obtain the corresponding arylboronic acid ester. The method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple and convenient operation, wide application range, good compatibility with various functional groups on aryl, high efficiency and economy, and capability of preparing the arylboronic acid ester at room temperature and normal pressure with high yield, and is suitable for mass preparation of the arylboronic acid ester.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of organic chemical synthesis, in particular to a method for preparing arylboronic acid ester at room temperature.
Background art:
the arylboronic acid ester compounds are stable and low-toxicity important organic synthesis intermediates, and are widely applied to transition metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond coupling and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions. The compound not only can be used as a coupling agent for synthesis of fine chemicals, medicines and pesticides, but also can be used as a welding agent, a multifunctional lubricant, a flame retardant and the like, and has great requirements in the fields of organic synthesis, medicines, materials and the like. The traditional method for synthesizing the arylboronic acid or the boronic ester is a Grignard reagent and lithium reagent method, namely, aryl bromide or iodide is adopted for metallization, and the corresponding Grignard reagent or organic lithium reagent is prepared and then boronized by a boron reagent. The method has the advantages of harsh metallization reaction conditions, poor functional group compatibility and low yield, is not suitable for aryl chloride, and is greatly limited in application. With the advent of metal-catalyzed processes, methods for synthesizing arylboronic acid esters using palladium, copper, nickel, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and the like as catalysts have been greatly developed. Among them, the palladium catalytic method has made a great progress in recent ten years, and has become a method with a good effect of synthesizing arylboronic acid ester, and has the characteristics of good functional group tolerance, high yield and the like. Although the palladium catalysis method is better applied to the synthesis of aryl borate by adopting aryl halides (mainly bromide and iodide) or aryl triflate, the reaction is carried out under the conditions of no water and oxygen, high temperature and tube sealing, and the defects of harsh reaction conditions, large catalyst dosage, unsuitability for mass preparation and the like exist. In addition, the method for efficiently preparing the corresponding borate by utilizing the aryl chloride which is cheaper, easily obtained and has various structures is less. Therefore, the method overcomes the defects of the prior method, develops a synthetic method with wider substrate application range, milder conditions, higher efficiency and economy and is suitable for mass preparation, and has important significance.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for preparing arylboronic acid ester at room temperature, which has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, stable and efficient catalytic system, simple and convenient operation, wide application range, good compatibility with various functional groups on aryl, high efficiency and economy, can prepare arylboronic acid ester at high yield under the conditions of room temperature and normal pressure, and is suitable for large-scale preparation of arylboronic acid ester.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing arylboronic acid ester shown in formula I at room temperature comprises the following steps: reacting a diboron compound shown in a formula II with an aryl halide in an organic solvent for 0.5-8 hours at room temperature under the action of alkali, chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) catalyst and 2-dicyclohexylphosphorus-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl ligand, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the boron compound shown in the formula II:
wherein R' represents any one of phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl, indolyl, pyrazolyl and naphthyl with substituent.
In particular, the substituted phenyl has the structural formula
Wherein R is1、R2、R3、R4、R5Each independently represents any one of hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl (preferably C1-C5 alkyl), C1-C10 alkoxy (preferably C1-C5 alkoxy), hydroxymethyl, aryl (preferably phenyl), C1-C10 acyl (preferably C1-C5 acyl), C1-C10 alkoxy (preferably C1-C5 alkoxy), aldehyde, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl and carbamoyl. Preferably, R1、R5Represents hydrogen, methyl or methoxy, R2、R3、R4Represents tert-butyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, phenyl, acetyl, methoxy formyl, aldehyde group, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carbamoyl.
The aryl halide is represented as R 'X, wherein R' is as defined above, and X represents any one of chlorine, bromine and iodine.
In particular, when R 'is a substituted phenyl group, R' X has the structure：
R1-R5The definition of (1) is as before.
The reaction concentration of the aryl halide R' X is 0.5-1 mol/L, and the mass ratio of each reactant is as follows: aryl halides: a diboron based compound of formula ii: alkali: the catalyst chloro (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6 '-tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2 '-amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) is 1: 0.8-1.5: 3: 0.005 to 0.01, the ratio of the amount of the ligand 2-dicyclohexylphosphine-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl to the amount of the catalyst chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) is 0.5 to 1: 1.
the post-treatment refers to that after the reaction is finished, reaction liquid is filtered by diatomite, washed by ethyl acetate, combined with filter liquor, subjected to rotary evaporation to remove a solvent, and subjected to silica gel column chromatography separation and purification, wherein the column chromatography conditions are as follows: 200-300 meshes of silica gel is used, the mass ratio of the silica gel to a sample to be separated and purified is 40-80: 1, and petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in the volume ratio of 10-80: 1 are used as an eluent.
The alkali is any one of potassium carbonate, cesium acetate, potassium acetate, anhydrous potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate monohydrate, potassium phosphate trihydrate and potassium phosphate heptahydrate, and preferably potassium phosphate monohydrate, potassium phosphate trihydrate and potassium phosphate heptahydrate; the organic solvent is Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Toluene (Toluene), 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Dioxane) and C1-C5 primary alcohol, preferably ethanol.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the substrate has wide application range, and has good applicability to cheaper and easily obtained aryl chloride besides the aryl bromide;
2. the functional group has good compatibility, and is suitable for synthesizing arylborate containing electron-withdrawing groups, electron-donating groups and alkali-sensitive or heat-sensitive groups;
3. the reaction condition is mild, high-temperature tube sealing reaction is not needed, anhydrous treatment on a reaction solvent is not needed, and the arylboronic acid ester can be prepared at high yield under the room temperature condition;
4. the catalyst has the advantages of less consumption, simple and convenient reaction operation and high yield, and is suitable for mass preparation.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: synthesis of 4-tert-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1): the synthesis method takes 4-tert-butyl chlorobenzene as a raw material: adding K into the reaction bottle in sequence3PO4·7H2O (3.0g,8.85mmol), bis-pinacol borate (749mg,2.95mmol), chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) (12mg,0.015mmol) as a catalyst and 2-dicyclohexylphosphonium-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl (4mg,0.008mmol) as a ligand, EtOH (6mL) was added and stirred uniformly, p-tert-butylbenzene (0.5mL,2.95mmol) was added and reacted at room temperature for 0.5h, after completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (2mL), insoluble matter was removed by filtration through celite, ethyl acetate (6mL) was washed three times, the filtrates were combined, the solvent was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, and separation was performed by silica gel column chromatography (200 to 300 mesh), the eluent is petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (the volume ratio is 10-80: 1), a white solid is obtained, and the white solid is identified as 4-tert-butyl phenylboronic acid pinacol ester through NMR spectrum, and the yield is 98%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.77(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.40(dt,J1＝8.4Hz,J2＝1.5Hz,2H),1.35(s,12H),1.33(s,9H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):154.2,135.0,124.5,83.8,35.1,31.1,24.9.
Method (2): synthesizing by taking 4-tert-butylbromobenzene as a raw material: the procedure was as in (1) except that p-tert-butylbenzene chloride was replaced with an equimolar amount of p-tert-butylbenzyl bromide to give a yield of 4-tert-butylboronic acid pinacol ester of 98%.
Example 2: synthesis of 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1): the synthesis method comprises the following steps of taking 3-methoxy chlorobenzene as a raw material: referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-methoxychlorobenzene and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the obtained white solid was identified as 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in 92% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm)：7.41(m,1H),7.33(d,J＝3.5Hz,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.01(ddd,J1＝8.2Hz,J2＝2.8Hz,J3＝1.2Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm)：159.2,129.1,127.4,118.9,118.1,84.2,55.4,25.1。
Method (2): 3-methoxy bromobenzene is used as a raw material for synthesis: referring to method (1) of this example, except that the 3-methoxychlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-methoxybromobenzene, the 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester yield was 94%.
Example 3: synthesis of 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1): synthesizing by taking 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol as a raw material: referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol for 2 hours, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the obtained white solid was identified as 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in 96% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.78(dd,J1＝12.8Hz,J2＝8.1Hz,2H),7.38(dd,J1＝12.8Hz,J2＝8.1Hz,2H),4.70(s,2H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)146.2,136.0,127.2,85.2,65.2,25.3。
Method (2): the synthesis method takes 4-iodobenzyl alcohol as a raw material: referring to the procedure (1) of this example, except that 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol used was replaced with equimolar 4-iodobenzyl alcohol, the 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester was obtained in a yield of 92%.
Example 4: synthesis of 3-biphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1): referring to the method (1) of example 1, except that p-t-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-chlorobiphenyl, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of the 3-chlorobiphenyl, the amount of the ligand was 0.5 times of the amount of the catalyst substance, and the reaction time was 3 hours, the other steps were the same as the method (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as pinacol ester of 3-biphenylboronic acid by NMR spectrum with a yield of 88%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.07(s,1H),7.82(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.71(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.65(d,J＝7.3Hz,2H),7.46(dd,J1＝14.8,J2＝7.6Hz,3H),7.35(t,J＝7.3Hz,1H),1.38(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):141.3,140.6,133.8,133.7,129.8,128.7,128.2,127.4,127.2,84.1,25.1。
Method (2): the synthesis method comprises the following steps of taking 3-bromobiphenyl as a raw material: referring to the process (1) of this example, except that 3-chlorobiphenyl used was replaced with equimolar 3-bromobiphenyl, the 3-biphenylboronic acid pinacol ester yield was 91%.
Example 5: synthesis of 4-acetylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1): referring to the method (1) of example 1, except that p-t-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 4-chloroacetophenone, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of the 4-chloroacetophenone-based species, the amount of the ligand was 0.5 times the amount of the catalyst species, the reaction time was 8 hours,the other steps were carried out in the same manner as in (1) in example 1 to give a white solid, which was identified as 4-acetylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in 85% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.94(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.90(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),2.62(s,3H),1.36(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):198.5,139.2,135.0,127.3,84.2,26.9,24.9。
Method (2): synthesizing by taking 4-iodoacetophenone as a raw material: referring to the procedure (1) of this example, except that 4-chloroacetophenone used was replaced with equimolar 4-iodoacetophenone, the 4-acetylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester was obtained in a yield of 86%.
Example 6: synthesis of 4-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with an equimolar amount of methyl 4-chlorobenzoate and the reaction time was 1.5 hours, the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, and a white solid was identified as pinacol ester of 4-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid by NMR spectrum in 92% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.02(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.87(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),3.92(s,3H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):170.2,134.7,132.1,128.4,84.2,51.9,24.4。
Example 7: synthesis of 3-formylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylbenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-chlorobenzaldehyde, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde, the ratio of the amount of ligand to the amount of catalyst was 1:1, the reaction time was 4 hours, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the white solid obtained was subjected to NMR spectroscopyWas identified as 3-formylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester in 83% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):10.03(s,1H),8.29(s,1H),8.05(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.97(dt,J1＝7.3Hz,J2＝1.5Hz,1H),7.52(t,J＝7.3Hz,1H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):192.8,143.0,140.2,138.0,132.7,128.9,128.6,84.1,25.3。
Example 8: synthesis of 3-nitrophenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-nitrochlorobenzene, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of the substance of 3-nitrochlorobenzene, the amount of the ligand was 0.5 times the amount of the substance of the catalyst, and the reaction time was 6 hours, the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as pinacol ester of 3-nitrophenylboronic acid by NMR spectrum in a yield of 82%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.64(d,J＝1.7Hz,1H),8.29(ddd,J1＝8.2Hz,J2＝2.4Hz,J3＝1.1Hz,1H),8.10(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.54(t,J＝7.8Hz,1H),1.36(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):147.8,140.7,129.4,128.7,125.8,84.7,24.8。
Example 9: synthesis of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 3-cyanobenzene, the reaction time was 1 hour, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the obtained white solid was identified as pinacol ester of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid by NMR spectrum in 93%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.09(s,1H),8.01(d,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.73(dt,J1＝7.8Hz,J2＝1.5Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J1＝7.8Hz,J2＝4.0Hz,1H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):138.7,138.4,134.4,128.4,118.8,112.0,84.4,24.8。
Example 10: synthesis of 4-hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 4-hydroxychlorobenzene, the reaction time was 1 hour, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the obtained white solid was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum, with a yield of 74%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.70(d,J＝8.5Hz,2H),6.82(m,2H),1.34(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):158.1,137.1,114.8,83.6,24.7。
Example 11: synthesis of 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylbenzene used was replaced with equimolar 4-chlorobenzamide, the reaction time was 1 hour, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, the obtained white solid was identified as 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in 91% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.87(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.79(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),6.31(br.,2H)1.34(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):169.5,135.5,135.0,126.5,84.2,24.7。
Example 12: synthesis of 2-methylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Reference toProcess (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 2-methylchlorobenzene, the amount of the bisphenopinacol borate was 1.5 times the amount of the 2-methylchlorobenzene species, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of the 2-methylchlorobenzene species, the ratio of the amount of the ligand to the amount of the catalyst species was 1:1, the reaction time was 3 hours, the other steps were the same as in process (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as 2-methylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in a yield of 80%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.80(d,J＝6.4Hz,1H),7.35(m,1H),7.21(m,2H),2.58(s,3H),1.37(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):144.8,130.7,129.7,124.6,83.3,24.8,22.4。
Example 13: synthesis of 2-naphthalene boronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 2-chloronaphthalene and the reaction time was 1 hour, the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as pinacol ester of 2-naphthylboronic acid by NMR spectrum in 94% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.52(s，1H)，8.00(d，J＝8.4Hz，2H)，7.92(m，2H)，7.57(m，2H)，1.47(s，12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):136.2，135.1，132.8，130.4，128.6，127.5，127.1，125.7，83.8，24.7。,
Synthesis of other boronic esters
Example 14: 2- (4-cyano-phenyl) -5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborole
Process (1) according to reference example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with an equimolar amount of 4-cyanochlorobenzene and the bisphenopinacol borate was replaced with an equimolar amount of bis (neopentyl) chlorideEthylene glycol) diboron, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, to give a white solid which was identified by NMR spectroscopy as 2- (4-cyano-phenyl) -5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan in a yield of 95%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.88(d，J＝7.8Hz，2H)，7.63(d，J＝8.0Hz，2H)，3.80(s，4H)，1.03(s，6H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):134.8，131.5，119.3，113.8，72.7，32.3，21.7。
Example 15: 2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborole
Referring to the process (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 2-methoxychlorobenzene, bisphenopinacol borate was replaced with bis (neopentylglycol) diboron in an amount of 1.5 times the amount of 2-methoxychlorobenzene species, the catalyst was used in an amount of 1% of the amount of 2-methoxychlorobenzene species, the ratio of the amount of ligand to the amount of catalyst species was 1:1, the reaction time was 2.5 hours, other steps were the same as the process (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as 2- (2-methoxy-phenyl) -5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborole by NMR spectrum, with a yield of 82%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.67(dd，J1＝7.0Hz，J2＝1.2Hz，1H)，7.36(m，1H)，6.95(t，J＝7.2Hz，1H)，6.86(d，J＝8.2Hz，1H)，3.82(s，3H)，3.78(s，4H)，1.04(s，6H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):163.9，136.2，131.4，121.0，110.2，72.3，55.7，32.1，21.8。
Synthesis of arylheterocyclic boronic acid esters
Example 16: synthesis of 6-fluoropyridine-3-boronic acid pinacol ester
Method (1) of reference example 1, notWherein p-tert-butylchlorobenzene was used in place of equimolar 2-fluoro-5-chloropyridine, the reaction time was 0.5 hour, and the other steps were the same as in example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as 6-fluoropyridine-3-boronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in a yield of 76%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.59(s,1H),8.14(td,J1＝8.5Hz,J2＝2.0Hz,1H),6.91(dd,J1＝8.5Hz,J2＝2.2Hz,1H),1.34(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6)(ppm):164.3,154.1,147.8,124.0,109.4,83.5,24.9。
Example 17: synthesis of 2-thiopheneboronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to the method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with an equimolar amount of 2-chlorothiophene, the amount of the catalyst used was 1% of the amount of the 2-chlorothiophene substance, the amount of the ligand used was 0.5 times the amount of the catalyst substance, and the reaction time was 3 hours, the other steps were the same as in the method (1) of example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as 2-thiopheneboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in yield of 67%.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.92(s，1H)，7.42(d,J＝5.2Hz,1H),7.33(m,1H),1.35(s,12H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)136.5,132.1,125.3,83.7,24.9。
Example 18: synthesis of indole-6-boronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 6-chloroindole, the amount of the catalyst was 1% of the amount of the 6-chloroindole substance, the amount of the ligand was 0.5 times the amount of the catalyst substance, and the reaction time was 7 hours, the other steps were the same as in example 1, and the obtained white solid was identified as indole-6-boronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum, yield 78％。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.21(s,1H),7.90(d,J＝0.7Hz,1H),7.65(d,J＝7.9Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J1＝7.9Hz,J2＝0.8Hz,1H),6.56(ddd,J1＝3.0Hz,J2＝2.0Hz,J3＝0.9Hz,1H),1.42(d,J＝2.8Hz,1H),1.37(s,12H)；13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):135.4,130.0,125.7,120.0,118.1,102.5,83.5,24.9。
Example 19: synthesis of 1-methyl-4-pyrazole boronic acid pinacol ester
Referring to method (1) of example 1, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene used was replaced with equimolar 1-methyl-4-chloropyrazole for 1 hour, and the other steps were the same as in method (1) of example 1, white solid was identified as 1-methyl-4-pyrazoleboronic acid pinacol ester by NMR spectrum in 92% yield.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.74(s,1H)，7.58(s,1H)，3.91(s,3H)，1.29(s,12H)；13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6)(ppm):143.9，137.0，82.5，38.1，24.6。
Preparation in large quantities
Example 20: synthesis of 4-tert-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester (Decker grade)
Adding K into the reaction bottle in sequence3PO4·7H2O (59.8g,177mmol), bis-pinacolato borate (12g,47.2mmol), chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) (230mg,0.3mmol) as a catalyst and 2-dicyclohexylphosphorus-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl (72mg,0.15mmol) as a ligand, and EtOH (44mL) is added and stirred uniformly; dissolving p-tert-butyl chlorobenzene (10mL,59mmol) in ethanol (15mL), dropwise adding the solution into the reaction solution, reacting at room temperature for 1h, and reacting the reaction solution with ethanolDiluting with ethyl acetate (15mL), filtering with diatomite to remove insoluble substances, washing with ethyl acetate (45mL) for three times, combining filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and performing column chromatography separation with silica gel (200-300 meshes) to obtain 4-tert-butylbenzene pinacol borate with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (volume ratio of 10-80: 1) as eluent, wherein the yield is 96%.
Example 21: synthesis of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (Deck grade)
The procedure of reference example 20, except that p-tert-butylchlorobenzene was replaced with equimolar 3-cyanobenzene and the reaction time was 1.5 hours, was carried out in the same manner as in example 20 to give 3-cyanobenzene pinacol ester in a yield of 94%.
Example 22: comparison of reactions with different solvents or different bases
Reaction with different solvents: 4-t-Butylboronic acid pinacol ester was synthesized by using 4-t-butylchlorobenzene as a starting material according to the method (1) of example 1, except that the solvent used in the reaction was different, and the yields of 4-t-butylboronic acid pinacol ester in the different solvents were shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of reaction with different solvents
| Solvent(s) | THF | Toluene | 1,4-Dioxane | MeOH | EtOH |
| Yield/% | 31 | 42 | 17 | 31 | 98 |
Reaction with different bases: 4-t-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester was synthesized using 4-t-butylbenzene as a raw material, referring to method (1) of example 1, except that a base used in the reaction was different, and the yield of the obtained 4-t-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester was shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 results of reactions with different bases
| Alkali | Et3Na | K3PO4 | K2CO3 | Cs2CO3 | CsOAc | KOAc | K3PO4·H2O | K3PO4·3H2O | K3PO4·7H2O |
| Yield/% | 7 | 53 | 71 | 57 | 34 | 94 | 93 | 97 | 98 |
aEt3N is a solvent.
The common alkali used for Pd catalytic reaction is KOAc, K3PO4、K2CO3But due to KOAc and K3PO4Easy deliquescence, and difficult avoidance of inaccurate quantification caused by deliquescence and introduction of water with different degrees in the reaction during use, which results in unstable reaction yield. We use more stable, inexpensive K3PO4Hydrate of (4) in place of KOAc, K3PO4Or K2CO3The reaction yield was found to be as high as 98%. K3PO4The use of hydrate overcomes KOAc and K3PO4Easy deliquescence and difficult preservation, solves the problem of accurate quantification of alkali, and ensures high yield and reproducibility of the reaction.
Example 23: the effect of preparing 4-tert-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester by adopting the prior art is compared
By adopting the prior art and taking 4-tert-butyl chlorobenzene as a raw material to synthesize the 4-tert-butyl phenylboronic acid pinacol ester, the experimental steps are as follows: adding 8.85mmol of alkali, 5.90mmol of bis-pinacol borate, 0.059mmol of palladium catalyst and 0.118mmol of ligand into a dry schlenk tube in sequence, replacing the system with nitrogen protection, adding a newly distilled super-dry solvent (6mL), stirring uniformly, finally adding p-tert-butyl chlorobenzene (0.5mL,2.95mmol), sealing the tube, stirring in an oil bath at 110 ℃ for reaction for 1h, after the reaction is finished, adding water (6mL) into the reaction liquid, adding ethyl acetate (5mL) for extraction for three times, combining organic phases, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, performing column chromatography separation by using silica gel (200-300 meshes), and eluting by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (the volume ratio is 10-80: 1) to obtain the 4-tert-butyl pinacol borate.
The catalytic system is as follows: tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd)2dba3) 2-dicyclohexylphosphonium-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos), palladium acetate [ Pd (OAc)2]XPhos and Pd (OAc)2The/2-dicyclohexylphosphine-2 ',6' -dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) is a commonly used catalytic system in the prior art for preparing aryl borate, and the bis pinacol borate B2(pin)2Andfrequency converterWhere isAlcoholic boranes(H-Bpin) is a commonly used boron reagent. The reaction was carried out using the above three catalytic systems, respectively, using the catalyst, ligand, boron reagent, base, solvent, reaction conditions (temperature and time) and product yields in each set of reactions as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of reactions using the prior art
| Serial number | Catalytic system | Boron reagent | Alkali | Solvent(s) | Temperature/. degree.C | Time/h | Yield/% |
| 1 | Pd2dba3/Xphos | B2(pin)2 | KOAc | Dioxane | 110 | 10 | 90 |
| 2 | Pd2dba3/Xphos | H-Bpin | - | Et3N | 100 | 10 | 47 |
| 3 | Pd(OAc)2/Xphos | B2(pin)2 | KOAc | Dioxane | 110 | 10 | 72 |
| 4 | Pd(OAc)2/Xphos | H-Bpin | - | Et3N | 100 | 10 | 38 |
| 5 | Pd(OAc)2/Sphos | B2(pin)2 | K3PO4 | Dioxane | RT | 48 | 44 |
The 4-tert-butylbenzene boronic acid pinacol ester is prepared by a catalytic system commonly used in the prior art, the reaction does not occur at room temperature, the reaction is carried out under the condition of high-temperature tube sealing, a reaction solvent needs to be subjected to anhydrous treatment in advance, the reaction needs to be carried out in an anhydrous and oxygen-free manner, and the problems of complex operation, harsh reaction conditions, large catalyst and ligand consumption and low reaction yield exist. Pd (OAc)2/Although the Sphos system can catalyze the reaction at room temperature, the reaction time is long,The yield is low. The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and enables arylboronic acid esters to be prepared at room temperature with high yield.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing arylboronic acid ester shown in formula I at room temperature comprises the following steps: reacting a diboron compound shown in a formula II with an aryl halide R 'X in an organic solvent for 0.5-8 hours at room temperature under the action of alkali, chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1 '-biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) catalyst and 2-dicyclohexylphosphorus-2', 4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl ligand, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the product; the reaction concentration of the aryl halide is 0.5-1 mol/L, and the mass ratio of each reactant is as follows: aryl halides: a diboron based compound of formula ii: alkali: the catalyst chloro (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6 '-tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2 '-amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) is 1: 0.8-1.5: 3: 0.005 to 0.01, the ratio of the amount of the ligand 2-dicyclohexylphosphine-2 ',4',6' -triisopropylbiphenyl to the amount of the catalyst chlorine (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ',4',6' -tri-isopropyl-1, 1' -biphenyl) (2' -amino-1, 1' -biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II) is 0.5 to 1: 1; the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,4-dioxane and C1-C5 primary alcohol;
wherein R' represents any one of phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl, indolyl, pyrazolyl and naphthyl with substituent;
x represents any one of chlorine, bromine and iodine, and the alkali is any one of potassium phosphate monohydrate, potassium phosphate trihydrate and potassium phosphate heptahydrate; the structural formula of the phenyl with the substituent group is shown as
Wherein R is1、R2、R3、R4、R5Each independently represents hydrogen,Any one of C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, hydroxymethyl, aryl, C1-C10 acyl, C1-C10 alkoxy formyl, aldehyde group, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl and carbamoyl.
2. The method of making an arylboronic acid ester at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein R is1、R5Represents hydrogen, methyl or methoxy, R2、R3、R4Represents tert-butyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, phenyl, acetyl, methoxy formyl, aldehyde group, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carbamoyl.
3. The method for preparing arylboronic acid ester at room temperature according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the post-treatment is that after the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is filtered by diatomite, washed by ethyl acetate, combined with the filtrate, subjected to rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, and then subjected to silica gel column chromatography for separation and purification, wherein the column chromatography conditions are as follows: 200-300 meshes of silica gel is used, the mass ratio of the silica gel to a sample to be separated and purified is 40-80: 1, and petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in the volume ratio of 10-80: 1 are used as an eluent.
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