CN109694044A - A kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol Download PDFInfo
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- CN109694044A CN109694044A CN201811574941.0A CN201811574941A CN109694044A CN 109694044 A CN109694044 A CN 109694044A CN 201811574941 A CN201811574941 A CN 201811574941A CN 109694044 A CN109694044 A CN 109694044A
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- zoamix
- azanol
- preparation
- exchange resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/087—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals containing one or more hydrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/04—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by auto-decomposition of single substances
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol, which comprises Zoamix aqueous ammonium is collected efflux by cation exchange resin column with certain flow velocity；At normal temperature, the efflux of collection is added dropwise in hydroxylamine solution while stirring, after being added dropwise, vacuum freeze drying obtains Zoamix azanol.This method is environmentally friendly, yield is high, and HADN purity be higher than 99.5%, nitrate radical content < 0.1%, metal ion content < 5ppm, sulfate radical content < 8ppm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energetic material-Zoamix azanol (chemical formula NH2OH·HN(NO2)2, write a Chinese character in simplified form HADN)
Preparation method belongs to field of material preparation.
Background technique
The space-orbit propulsion system of spacecraft application has higher clean requirement to propellant combustion product, does not allow dirt
Dye corrosion spacecraft instrument and equipment.Currently, common monopropellant of the satellite propulsion unit for gesture stability is hydrazine, it is maximum
The disadvantage is that toxicity is big, corrosivity is strong, pollution environment.
Unit hydrazine propellant specific impulse is 200s, and the monopropellant specific impulse of diamide ammonium (ADN) base fluid body is more than 230s,
Density specific impulse is 1.4 times of hydrazine propellant.The nontoxic propulsion system of ADN represents the future development side of advanced chemical propulsion technology
To, be expected to realize the in-orbit filling in space station.ADN base fluid body monopropellant is used as a kind of nontoxic, high energy " green propellant ",
Particularly suitable for the propeller of the satellite on middle Low Earth Orbit, have broad application prospects.
Liquid propellant is with ADN to the metal ion (K that can cause catalyst poisoning+) content (≤5ppm), SO4 2-Content
(≤8ppm) etc. propose harsh requirement, Sweden has developed high-purity ADN preparation facilities and method thus, realizes that ADN is empty
Between power first-fly (PRISMA satellite), time in orbit > 12 months reaches all flight validation targets.
HADN has energetic radicals Zoamix root identical with ADN, and intramolecular introduces azanol, oxygen content up to 57%,
Higher than ADN (oxygen content 51%)；HADN is that liquid (is pistac oily liquids when being higher than 18 DEG C, is lower than 18 DEG C at normal temperature
When be white solid), solubility in water is 85g, has better dissolubility, and its water compared to ADN (solubility 80g)
Solution has preferable stability and low freezing point, shelf-stable good；The enthalpy of formation of HADN is higher than conventional oxidation agent, can be liquid
Body propellant provides higher specific impulse.Therefore it can replace toxic hydrazine monopropellant in future space propellant,
Greatly improve the energy of propellant.About the synthesis of HADN, only Russian Marian Zielinski organic chemistry was studied in nineteen ninety-five at present
Publish an article (Dinitramide and its salts 6.*Dinitramide salts derived from ammonium
Bases, Russian Chemical Bulletin, Vol.44, No.1) in refer to the synthesis of HADN: by Potassium Dinitramide and
In the methanol solution of heat metathesis reaction occurs for hydroxylamine hydrochloride, then extraction and separation obtain HADN.The defect of this method is as follows: the
One, products obtained therefrom purity is not high.Since Potassium Dinitramide and potassium chloride have certain dissolubility in methyl alcohol, so obtained
Contain a small amount of potassium ion and chloride ion in HADN, when post-processing is difficult to completely remove, and is applied to not only when liquid propellant
Corrode stainless steel pipes, valve, and catalyst poisoning can be caused.Second, hydroxylamine hydrochloride is difficult to be dissolved completely in the methanol of heat
In, therefore this method reaction is not enough, yield is lower, and needs distilled, extracted repeatedly, purified, complex steps, separation
It is difficult.Third, in this method using to methanol be harmful to the human body, do not meet environment protection requirement.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol, this method
It is environmentally friendly, yield is high, and HADN purity be higher than 99.5%, nitrate radical content < 0.1%, metal ion content < 5ppm, sulfuric acid
Radical content < 8ppm.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol, comprising the following steps:
(1) Zoamix aqueous ammonium is passed through into cation exchange resin column, collection efflux with certain flow velocity；
(2) at normal temperature, the efflux of collection is added dropwise in hydroxylamine solution while stirring, after being added dropwise, very
Vacuum freecing-dry obtains Zoamix azanol.
In an alternative embodiment, cation exchange resin column described in step (1) uses macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid type
Cation exchanger resin, and preprocessed using preceding elder generation.
In an alternative embodiment, the pretreatment of the cation exchange resin, comprising:
By cation exchange resin distilled water flushing, impregnate 1~for 24 hours, olefinic recycle 12~120h of acid soak, then with steam
Distilled water impregnates certain time, is in neutrality the pH value of resin, the cation exchange resin being in neutrality is impregnated at 70~90 DEG C
Mass fraction be 0.2~1.0% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution in 2~for 24 hours, obtain stand-by sun from
Sub-exchange resin.
It is described to impregnate 12~120h with olefin(e) acid in an alternative embodiment, comprising:
It is impregnated 3~5 times with the dilute hydrochloric acid that mass fraction is 3~8%, impregnate 4 every time~for 24 hours, and dilute hydrochloric acid used every time
Dosage be 2~3 times of the cation exchange resin volume.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass concentration of Zoamix aqueous ammonium described in step (1) is 20%~40%.
In an alternative embodiment, Zoamix aqueous ammonium described in step (1) is passed through with the flow velocity of 30~120cm/h
Cation exchange resin column.
In an alternative embodiment, after Zoamix aqueous ammonium stream described in step (1) is complete, drenched using appropriate distilled water
The cation exchange resin column is washed, until outflow distilled water is neutrality, collects all effluxes.
In an alternative embodiment, flow velocity and two nitryl that the distilled water passes through the cation exchange resin column
Amine aqueous ammonium is identical.
In an alternative embodiment, the molar ratio of Zoamix acid contained by efflux described in step (2) and azanol is 1: 1
~1: 1.5.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass concentration of hydroxylamine solution described in step (2) is 20%~40%.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of vacuum freeze drying described in step (2) is -20 DEG C~-50 DEG C, vacuum degree
For < 0.01MPa, the working time is for 24 hours~120h.
The present invention has the advantages that first, being done directly ion-exchange reactions by pure azanol and Zoamix acid
Obtain product HADN, not only reaction sufficiently, yield be higher than 80%, but also HADN purity be higher than 99.5%, nitrate radical content <
0.1%, metal ion content < 5ppm, sulfate radical content < 8ppm.Second, reaction makees reaction medium with water, other are not used
Any solvent, it is harmless to the human body, meet modern ecological requirements.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in further details below with reference to specific embodiment.
Following steps:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of preparation methods of Zoamix azanol, comprising the following steps:
(1) Zoamix aqueous ammonium is passed through into cation exchange resin column, collection efflux with certain flow velocity；
(2) at normal temperature, the efflux of collection is added dropwise in hydroxylamine solution while stirring, after being added dropwise, very
Vacuum freecing-dry obtains Zoamix azanol.
The preparation method of Zoamix azanol provided in an embodiment of the present invention is exchanged using the selection of resin cation and is made
With obtaining stable, high-purity Zoamix acid, solution by Zoamix aqueous ammonium by treated resin-column
The sour labile technical problem of Zoamix of having determined；Then, immediate response in the azanol under Zoamix acid instillation room temperature is obtained
To product HADN；This method not only reacts abundant, yield is higher than 80%, but also product HADN purity is higher than 99.5%, nitrate anion
Content < 0.1%, metal ion content < 5ppm, sulfate radical content < 8ppm, and reaction makees reaction medium with water, does not use it
His any solvent, it is harmless to the human body, meet modern ecological requirements.
In an alternative embodiment, cation exchange resin column described in step (1) uses macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid type
Cation exchange resin, and preprocessed using preceding elder generation.
In an alternative embodiment, the pretreatment, comprising:
By cation exchange resin distilled water flushing or impregnate 1~for 24 hours, then olefinic recycle 12~120h of acid soak is used
Distilled water immersion certain time is in neutrality the pH value of resin, and the cation exchange resin being in neutrality is soaked at 70~90 DEG C
Steep mass fraction be 0.2~1.0% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution in 2~for 24 hours, obtain stand-by sun
Ion exchange resin.
By containing organic ammonium ion on treated the cation exchange resin, point of Zoamix acid can be avoided
Solution obtains stable high-purity Zoamix acid, then neutralization reaction, the Zoamix of the high-purity obtained from occurs with azanol
Azanol product.
It is described to impregnate 12~120h with olefin(e) acid in an alternative embodiment, comprising:
It is impregnated 3~5 times with the dilute hydrochloric acid that mass fraction is 3~8%, impregnate 4 every time~for 24 hours, and dilute hydrochloric acid used every time
Dosage be 2~3 times of the cation exchange resin volume.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass concentration of Zoamix aqueous ammonium described in step (1) is 20%~40%.
In an alternative embodiment, Zoamix aqueous ammonium described in step (1) is passed through with the flow velocity of 30~120cm/h
Cation exchange resin column.
In an alternative embodiment, after Zoamix aqueous ammonium stream described in step (1) is complete, using about diamide ammonium
1/4~1/3 distilled water of liquor capacity elutes the cation exchange resin column, until outflow distilled water is neutrality, collects
All effluxes.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow velocity that the distilled water passes through the cation exchange resin column is 30~120cm/
h。
In an alternative embodiment, the molar ratio of Zoamix acid contained by efflux described in step (2) and azanol is 1: 1
~1: 1.5.
In an alternative embodiment, hydroxylamine solution described in step (2) be aqueous solution, mass concentration be 20%~
40%.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of vacuum freeze drying described in step (2) is -20 DEG C~-50 DEG C, vacuum degree
For < 0.01MPa, the working time is for 24 hours~120h.
In an alternative embodiment, stirring rate preferably 30~120 turns/min in step (2).
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, raw materials used each embodiment is commercial product.
Embodiment 1
(1) the macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid ion exchange resin for being 732 by the trade mark with distilled water flushing, impregnates 5h,
It is impregnated 3 times with the dilute hydrochloric acid that mass fraction is 3% again, impregnates 5h every time, the dosage of each dilute hydrochloric acid is about resin cation body
Long-pending 2 times are finally used distilled water immersion 3 times, are in neutrality the pH value of resin.Resin is immersed in quality percentage at 70 DEG C again
Number is 4h in the aqueous solution of 0.2% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.Take out the glass for being put into internal diameter 2.5cm, pillar height 50cm
In glass mixed bed, resin bed is obtained；
(2) the diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution 310g that mass fraction is 40% is prepared, step is passed through with 30cm/h flow velocity
(1) resin bed obtained until diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution stream is complete, then is drenched with about 100ml distilled water with identical flow velocity
Resin bed is washed to neutrality, collects efflux.
(3) under room temperature, magnetic agitation condition (60 turns/min), the efflux of collection is slowly dropped into 165g mass point
Number is in 20% hydroxylamine solution.After being added dropwise, gained liquid is freeze-dried at -50 DEG C, in the case where vacuum degree is 0.001MPa
For 24 hours to get Zoamix azanol (HADN) 124g, yield 88.57%.
Embodiment 2
(1) the macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid ion exchange resin for being 732 by the trade mark with distilled water flushing, impregnates
10h, then the dilute hydrochloric acid for being 5% with mass fraction impregnate 4 times, impregnate 10h every time, and the dosage of dilute hydrochloric acid is the 3 of resin cation
Times, it finally uses distilled water immersion 4 times, is in neutrality the pH value of resin.Resin, which is immersed in mass percent at 80 DEG C, again is
8h in the aqueous solution of 0.5% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.It takes out and is put into internal diameter 1.5cm, the glass of pillar height 40cm mixes
In bed, resin bed is obtained；
(2) the diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution 360g that mass fraction is 35% is prepared, step is passed through with flow velocity 50cm/h
(1) resin bed obtained until diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution stream is complete, then is drenched with the distilled water of about 90ml with identical flow velocity
Resin bed is washed to neutrality, collects efflux.
(3) under room temperature, magnetic agitation condition (30 turns/min), the efflux of collection is slowly dropped into 198g mass point
Number is in 25% hydroxylamine solution.After being added dropwise, gained liquid is freeze-dried at -40 DEG C, in the case where vacuum degree is 0.003MPa
48h is to get Zoamix azanol (HADN) 121g, yield 86.42%.
Embodiment 3
(1) the macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid ion exchange resin for being 732 by the trade mark with distilled water flushing, impregnates
15h, then the dilute hydrochloric acid for being 8% with mass fraction impregnate 5 times, impregnate 12h every time, and the dosage of dilute hydrochloric acid is the 2 of resin cation
Times, it finally uses distilled water immersion 5 times, is in neutrality the pH value of resin.Resin, which is immersed in mass percent at 90 DEG C, again is
12h in the aqueous solution of 0.8% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.It takes out and is put into internal diameter 2.5cm, the glass of pillar height 50cm mixes
In bed, resin bed is obtained；
(2) the diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution 420g that mass fraction is 30% is prepared, step is passed through with flow velocity 80cm/h
(1) resin bed obtained, until diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution stream is complete, then with the distilled water of about 140ml with identical flow velocity
Resin bed is eluted to neutrality, collects efflux.
(3) under room temperature, magnetic agitation condition (120 turns/min), the efflux of collection is slowly dropped into 121g mass
Score is in 30% hydroxylamine solution.After being added dropwise, gained liquid is freezed at -30 DEG C, in the case where vacuum degree is 0.005MPa dry
Dry 60h is to get Zoamix azanol (HADN) 117g, yield 83.57%.
Embodiment 4
(1) the macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid ion exchange resin for being 732 by the trade mark with distilled water flushing, impregnates
18h, then the dilute hydrochloric acid for being 6% with mass fraction impregnate 3 times, impregnate 18h every time, and the dosage of dilute hydrochloric acid is the 3 of resin cation
Times, it finally uses distilled water immersion 3 times, is in neutrality the pH value of resin.Resin, which is immersed in mass percent at 75 DEG C, again is
18h in the aqueous solution of 0.6% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.It takes out and is put into internal diameter 3.5cm, the glass of pillar height 80cm mixes
In bed, resin bed is obtained；
(2) the diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution 500g that mass fraction is 25% is prepared, step is passed through with flow velocity 100cm/h
(1) resin bed obtained, until diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution stream is complete, then with the distilled water of about 125ml with identical flow velocity
Resin bed is eluted to neutrality, collects efflux.
(3) under room temperature, magnetic agitation condition (60 turns/min), the efflux of collection is slowly dropped into 113g mass point
Number is in 35% hydroxylamine solution.After being added dropwise, gained liquid is freeze-dried at -35 DEG C, in the case where vacuum degree is 0.008MPa
80h is to get Zoamix azanol (HADN) 120g, yield 85.71%.
Embodiment 5
(1) the macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid ion exchange resin for being 732 by the trade mark with distilled water flushing, impregnates
For 24 hours, then with mass fraction the dilute hydrochloric acid for being 7% impregnates 5 times, impregnates every time for 24 hours, and the dosage of dilute hydrochloric acid is the 2 of resin cation
Times, it finally uses distilled water immersion 4 times, is in neutrality the pH value of resin.Resin, which is immersed in mass percent at 85 DEG C, again is
In the aqueous solution of 0.4% dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride for 24 hours.It takes out and is put into internal diameter 5cm, the glass of pillar height 100cm mixes
In bed, resin bed is obtained；
(2) the diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution 620g that mass fraction is 20% is prepared, step is passed through with flow velocity 120cm/h
(1) resin bed obtained, until diamide ammonium transparent aqueous solution stream is complete, then with the distilled water of about 200ml with identical flow velocity
Resin bed is eluted to neutrality, collects efflux.
(3) under room temperature, magnetic agitation condition (60 turns/min), the efflux of collection is slowly dropped into 116g mass point
Number is in 40% hydroxylamine solution.After being added dropwise, gained liquid is freeze-dried at -20 DEG C, in the case where vacuum degree is 0.006MPa
120h is to get Zoamix azanol (HADN) 114g, yield 81.43%.
To Examples 1 to 5 provide product carry out high performance liquid chromatography and atomic emission spectrum test, test result referring to
Table 1.
Each embodiment products therefrom of table 1 forms table
| Embodiment | HADN mass content | Nitrate anion mass content | Metal ion content | Sulfate radical content | Unknown impuritie content |
| Embodiment 1 | 99.92% | 0.02% | 0.003% | 0.005% | 0.05% |
| Embodiment 2 | 99.84% | 0.07% | 0.004% | 0.006% | 0.08% |
| Embodiment 3 | 99.89% | 0.05% | 0.003% | 0.007% | 0.05% |
| Embodiment 4 | 99.87% | 0.08% | 0.003% | 0.006% | 0.04% |
| Embodiment 5 | 99.81% | 0.08% | 0.004% | 0.007% | 0.09% |
The above, a specific embodiment only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, appoints
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, all by what those familiar with the art
It is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Unspecified part of the present invention belongs to common sense well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of preparation method of Zoamix azanol, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Zoamix aqueous ammonium is passed through into cation exchange resin column, collection efflux with certain flow velocity；
(2) at normal temperature, the efflux of collection is added dropwise in hydroxylamine solution while stirring, after being added dropwise, vacuum is cold
Jelly is dried to obtain Zoamix azanol.
2. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sun described in step (1) from
Sub-exchange resin column uses macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid type cation exchanger resin, and preprocessed using preceding elder generation.
3. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the cation exchange tree
The pretreatment of rouge, comprising:
By cation exchange resin distilled water flushing, impregnate 1~for 24 hours, then olefinic recycle 12~120h of acid soak uses distilled water
Certain time is impregnated, the pH value of resin is in neutrality, the cation exchange resin being in neutrality is immersed in matter at 70~90 DEG C
2 in the aqueous solution for the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride that amount score is 0.2~1.0%~for 24 hours, it obtains stand-by cation and hands over
Change resin.
4. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 3, which is characterized in that it is described with olefin(e) acid impregnate 12~
120h, comprising:
It is impregnated 3~5 times with the dilute hydrochloric acid that mass fraction is 3~8%, impregnate 4 every time~for 24 hours, and the use of dilute hydrochloric acid used every time
Amount is 2~3 times of the cation exchange resin volume.
5. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 1, which is characterized in that dinitro described in step (1)
The mass concentration of amide aqueous ammonium is 20%~40%.
6. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 1, which is characterized in that dinitro described in step (1)
Amide aqueous ammonium passes through cation exchange resin column with the flow velocity of 30~120cm/h.
7. the preparation method of described in any item Zoamix azanols according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that in step (1)
After the Zoamix aqueous ammonium stream is complete, the cation exchange resin column is eluted using appropriate distilled water, until outflow is steamed
Distilled water is neutrality, collects all effluxes.
8. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the distilled water passes through described
The flow velocity of cation exchange resin column is identical as the Zoamix aqueous ammonium.
9. the preparation method of Zoamix azanol according to claim 1, which is characterized in that flowed out described in step (2)
The molar ratio of Zoamix acid and azanol contained by liquid is 1: 1~1: 1.5.
10. according to claim 1 or the preparation method of Zoamix azanol described in 9, which is characterized in that described in step (2)
The mass concentration of hydroxylamine solution is 20%~40%.
11. the new method according to claim 1 for preparing HADN, it is characterised in that: vacuum refrigeration described in step (2) is dry
Dry temperature is -20 DEG C~-50 DEG C, and vacuum degree is < 0.01MPa, and the working time is for 24 hours~120h.
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| CN201811574941.0A CN109694044B (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Preparation method of dinitramide hydroxylamine |
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| CN201811574941.0A CN109694044B (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Preparation method of dinitramide hydroxylamine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113336241A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-03 | 北京理工大学 | Method for separating and preparing novel high-energy oxidant ammonium dinitramide |
| EP3960704A1 (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the preparation of particles from dinitramide oxidatizer salts |
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| CN1341086A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2002-03-20 | 瑞典空间股份公司 | Dinitramide based liquid mono-propellants |
| US6361629B2 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-03-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Flowable solid propellant |
| US20090044887A1 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2009-02-19 | Adiga Kayyani C | Propellants and high energy materials compositions containing nano-scale oxidizer and other components |
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| US4187173A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1980-02-05 | Keefer Bowie | Reverse osmosis method and apparatus |
| US6361629B2 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-03-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Flowable solid propellant |
| CN1341086A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2002-03-20 | 瑞典空间股份公司 | Dinitramide based liquid mono-propellants |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3960704A1 (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the preparation of particles from dinitramide oxidatizer salts |
| CN113336241A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-03 | 北京理工大学 | Method for separating and preparing novel high-energy oxidant ammonium dinitramide |
| CN113336241B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-04-01 | 北京理工大学 | Method for separating and preparing ammonium dinitramide as high-energy oxidant |
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| CN109694044B (en) | 2020-09-18 |
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